Pathology - respiratory system

Question 1

Asthma

Answer 1

• causes: allergens, pollutants, dust mites, cigarette smoke
• sx: wheezing, coughing, feeling of tightness in chest
• tx: avoiding allergens/irritants, rescuse inhaler, anti-inflammatory steroid inhalers, leukotriene-receptor antagonists, steroid injection for an acute ep

Question 2

Atelectasis

Answer 2

• causes: cystric fibrosis, COPD, pleurisy, lung cancer, spontaneous
• sx: dyspnea, cynaosis, diaphoresis, pain
• tx: thoracentesis, chest percussion, deep breathing exercises, intermittent postive pressure breathing

Question 3

Bronchitis

Answer 3

• causes: viral, environmental pollutants, cigarette smoke
• sx: yellow-gray/green prodctive cough, chest tightness, dyspnea, fever
• tx: cough meds, humidifer, inhalers, abx if needed

Question 4

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Answer 4

• causes: smoking, environmental pollutants
• sx: dyspnea, hypoxia, fatigue, cough
• tx: smoking cessation, inhalers, iung transplant in extreme cases

Question 5

Emphysema

Answer 5

• causes: damage to the alveoli caused by cigaretee smoke, pollutants, specific type of dust
• sx: SOB, chronic cough, fatigue
• tx: smoking cessation, avoiding cold environments, abx for secondary lung infections

Question 6

Influenza

Answer 6

• causes: respiratory vire
• sx: fever, muscle pain, fatigue, sore throat, rhinorrhea
• tx: symptomatic, OTC analgesics for aches and fevers, antiviral meds

Question 7

Legionnaire’s disease

Answer 7

• causes: legionella bacteria that grow in standing water
• sx: dyspnea, cough, headache, fever
• tx: abx, respiratory meds, oxygen, fever meds (antipyretic)

Question 8

Pneumonia

Answer 8

• causes: bacterial, viral, parasitic
• sx: thick, colored sputum, dyspnea, fever, cough
• tx: rest, abx, OTC analgesics

Question 9

Pulmonary edema

Answer 9

• causes: congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, heart valve disorder, drowing, injury
• sx: orthopnea, dyspnea, wheeze, productive cough, wt gain, pallor
• tx: oxygen therapy, diuretics

Question 10

Pulmonary embolism

Answer 10

• causes: blood clot blocking in artery in the lung
• sx: dyspnea, chest pain, cough, fainting, rapid onset of SOB, diaphoresis
• tx: circulation support (compression hose), rest, anticoagulant med, surgically implanted filter

Question 11

Tuberculosis (TB)

Answer 11

• causes: baterial
• sx: chronic cough, wt loss, fatigue, night sweats, painful/difficult breathing
• tx: isolation if symptomatic, med therapy for 6-12 months

Question 12

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

Answer 12

• causes: viral
• sx: fever, headache, dry cough
• tx: rest, antiviral med