Pathology of The Respiratory System – Part 2

Question 1

Name the different patterns of pneumonia.

Answer 1

B: most likely associated with bacterial infection.
C: a lot of fibrin –> More severe than supp
D: most likely associated with viral infections or pneumotoxins.

Question 2

Toxins can produce pneumonia in the lungs via two routes. Name them.

Answer 2

1. Aerogenous route
2. hematogenous route.

Question 3

Answer 3

Question 4

Answer 4

Question 5

Answer 5

Question 6

Answer 6

Question 7

Answer 7

Question 8

Answer 8

Question 9

Answer 9

Question 10

Answer 10

Question 11

Answer 11

Question 12

Answer 12

Question 13

Answer 13

Question 14

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) is caused by

Answer 14

BoHV-1.

Question 15

____________ virus (? virus) and _____ virus (?) cause a transient rhino-tracheitis and broncho-interstitial pneumonia with the formation of eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions bodies in bronchial, bronchiolar, alveolar epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages.

Formation of syncytial cells occurs in ?

Answer 15

Para-influenza-3, PI-3, Bovine Respiratory Syncytial, BRSV

both, BRSV and PI-3 virus infection.

Question 16

BRSV and PI-3 should be considered in calves with?

Answer 16

necrotizing bronchiolitis

Question 17

Diagnosis of viral pneumonias are confirmed by ?

Answer 17

virus isolation, PCR or detection of viral antigens
by fluorescence antibody test (FAT) or immunohistochemistry (IHC).

Question 18

Answer 18

BRSV
No clear areas of consolidation
Lungs appear to be larger, with more rubbery consistency, rib impressions (so see impression = virus, toxin).

Question 19

Answer 19

BRSV
Bronchiole containing necrotic debris in lumen.
Pink cytoplasmic inclusion body can be seen in BRSV and Parainfluenza3 (in comparison to IBR = IN).
Microscopically can not differentiate between BRSV and PI3, need to do PCR.

Question 20

Answer 20

BRSV
Syncytial cells

Question 21

Answer 21

BRSV. IHC stains demonstrates widespread injury to the airway Epithelium.

Broncho interstial - virus damages bronchoioles and interstitium.

Question 22

Answer 22

BRSV
Large syncytial cells that start partially dividing; contain same cytoplasm but multiple nuclei.

Question 23

1. Based on the image below, this cow suffered from?
2. This condition is caused by what etiologic agent?

Answer 23

1. Bovine enzootic pneumonia (chronic
   suppurative bronchopneumonia).
2. Caused by a variety of etiologic agents
   including respiratory viruses, Mycoplasmas,
   Chlamydophila, followed by opportunistic
   bacteria such as Pasteurella multocida,
   Trueperella pyogenes, Histophilus somni,
   Mannheimia haemolytica and E.coli.

❑ Calves with bovine leukocyte adhesion
deficiency (BLAD), which prevents the
migration of neutrophils from the
capillaries, are highly susceptible to
bronchopneumonia.

Question 24

Answer 24

Chronic suppurative bronchopneumonia

Question 25

Answer 25

Suppurative bronchopneumonia

Question 26

___________ and ___________ are common sequels of chronic suppurative
pneumonia.

Answer 26

Abscessation and bronchiectasis are
Common sequels of chronic suppurative
pneumonia.

Caudal lung lobe = normal, but because this is such a small portion that is unaffected, it is clear they died of cardiorespiratory failure since they were unable to deliver oxygen to the body.

Question 27

This is an image of ___________ bronchopneumonia which is more severe than ___________ pneumonias.
Areas of ___________, presence of _____ on surface.
If you sectioned this lung, and placed it in water, due to exudate it would _____.

Answer 27

Fibrinous bronchopneumonia,
More severe than suppurative pneumonias.
Areas of consolidation, presence of fibrin on surface.
If you sectioned this lung, and placed it in water, due to exudate it would float.

Question 28

1. Provide a MgDx.
2. Name this condition.
3. This condition is common in which species?

Answer 28

1. Fibrinous pneumonia
2. Pneumonic mannheimiosis/shipping fever, steer
3. Common in heiffers, steers

Focal areas of discoloration
Common in heiffers, steers
80% of pulmonary parenchyma is affected with this fribrinous pneumonia

Question 29

1. Name the condition pictured below.
2. Describe the appearance of the lungs pictured below.

Answer 29

Pneumonic mannheimiosis:
Marbling appearance
of the pulmonary parenchyma.

Coagulation necrosis in the lungs.
Discolortion, interlobular itssue appear to be exapnded more than normal due to presence of edema, fibrin, exudate.

Question 30

1. What is pictured below?
2. Name the condition that causes this?

Answer 30

Mannheimia haemolytica biotype A,
serotype 1 is responsible for the
severe pulmonary lesions (areas of
necrosis etc.)

Question 31

1. What is the Morphological Dx?
2. What is the Etiologic Dx?
3. What does this disease result in?
4. The name of this condition is?

Answer 31

1. Fibrinous pneumonia
2. Histophilus somni; Part of the Histophilus somni disease complex (TME, pneumonia, pleuritis, myocarditis, arthritis,
   abortion etc.,).
3. Results in suppurative or fibrinous bronchopneumonia. The later may be almost undistinguishable from
   the fibrinous bronchopneumonia
   caused by Mannheimia haemolytica.
4. Respiratory histophilosis

Question 32

1. What is the Morphological Dx?
2. What is the Etiologic Dx?
3. What does this disease result in?
4. The name of this condition is?

Make story for each picture

Answer 32

1. Chronic necrotizing bronchopneumonia
2. Mycoplasma bovis
3. Important cause of chronic respiratory
   disease in North America ‘s feedlot cattle. The organism causes a chronic
   necrotizing bronchopneumonia which is quite characteristic. Also causes severe fibrinous arthritis
4. Mycoplasma bovis pneumonia

Question 33

Answer 33

Mycoplasma bovis
They look like abscesses but, you will see on cross section that these areas are solid lesions

Question 34

Answer 34

Multifocal to coalescing areas of caseous necrosis
Microscopically you can not recognize it because it is solid necrosis

Question 35

Answer 35

Necrotizing pneumonia, not _____ pneumonia because they are solid lesions

Question 36

Answer 36

Positive immunoperoxidase staining of M. bovis antigens,
IHC
See areas of caseous necrosis

Question 37

1. What is the Morphological Dx?
2. What is the Etiologic agent?
3. This disease is common in which species?
4. This disease is associated with?
5. Lesions caused by this condition are typically located ?

Answer 37

1. Multifocal granulomatous pneumonia
2. Mycoplasma bovis
3. Seen in deer, elk, bison, buffalo.
4. Assocaited in spillover from wildlife to domestic animals
5. Lesions are more common in retropharyngeal lymph nodes, lungs,
   thoracic and mesenteric lymph nodes.
   Lesions in cervids often contain prominent
   suppurative exudate and may resemble
   abscesses…

Caused by M. bovis. It has been suggested
that the term TB should be limited to
diseases caused by M. tuberculosis (human)
and M. bovis (cattle); other conditions
should be referred as “Mycobacteriosis”.
In North America the disease has been
almost eliminated but there still outbreaks
that often originate from wild life (M. bovis
not only affects cattle and humans but also
deer, elk, bison etc.→ wild ruminants).
Lesions are more common in
retropharyngeal lymph nodes, lungs,
thoracic and mesenteric lymph nodes.
Lesions in cervids often contain prominent
suppurative exudate and may resemble
abscesses…

Question 38

1. MgDx?
2. Etiologic agent (if this is a cow)?
3. Disease leads to?

Answer 38

1. Verminous bronchitis/ pneumonia OR catarrhal bronchitis
2. In cattle is caused by infection with Dictyocaulus viviparus.
3. Varies from interstitial pneumonia (larval migration) to chronic bronchitis (intrabronchial adult parasites) tom granulomatous pneumonia (eggs, dead larvae).

Mucosuppurative lesion in most cases

If you see multifocal areas of congestion in the caudal lung lobes, you must suspect that it could be a case of this.

Question 39

Answer 39

Suppurative component.
On the inside, suppurative exudate mixed with mucous and catarrhal type of exudate + chunks of pus on the bronchi.

Question 40

If this is an image of lungs from a pig, what would be the etiologic agent causing this condition?

Where in the lungs would you find this worm?

Answer 40

1. Mucosuppurative
2. Metastrongylus spp. ; pigs; smaller and thinner than dicto
3. Terminal bronchi from the right caudal lung lobe, pig. Slaughterhouse specimen,
   St. Kitts. Lung worms are admixed within slightly turbid mucoid exudate.

Question 41

Numerous thin and elongated worms within the __________ bronchi of the ______ (diaphragmatic) lung lobes: ____________ spp. Pig,
slaughterhouse specimen, St. Kitts, 2012.

Answer 41

Numerous thin and elongated worms within the terminal bronchi of the
caudal (diaphragmatic) lung lobes: Metastrongylus spp. Pig,
slaughterhouse specimen, St. Kitts, 2012.

Question 42

Pig
Numerous _____________ spp. are
present within a bronchus, ________ lung lobe. Possible morphologic dx:?
Etiologic dx: ?

Answer 42

Numerous Metastrongylus spp. are
present within a bronchus, caudal lung lobe. Possible morphologic dx:
catarrhal bronchitis; Etiologic dx: Verminous (or parasitic) bronchitis;
pulmonary metastrongylosis. RUSVM, OI.

Question 43

Atypical Interstitial Pneumonia (AIP) of cattle

❑ Do not fit any of the “___________” forms of pneumonia
❑ Characterized by the presence of _______, interstitial _________, _______ membranes, type ____ pneumocyte ________ and
interstitial _______ with cellular ________
❑ These types of pneumonias have specific etiologies.
❑ Investigators have proposed that these syndromes previously clustered under AIP be named according to their specific cause or
pathogenesis.

Answer 43

❑ Do not fit any of the “classical” forms of pneumonia
❑ Characterized by the presence of edema, interstitial emphysema,
hyaline membranes, type II pneumocyte hyperplasia and
interstitial fibrosis with cellular infiltrates
❑ These types of pneumonias have specific etiologies.
❑ Investigators have proposed that these syndromes previously
clustered under AIP be named according to their specific cause or
pathogenesis.

Question 44

This histological image was taken from a cow with Atypical Interstitial Pneumonia (AIP).
What can be seen in the image below?

Answer 44

Diffuse alveolar damage –formation of hyaline membranes – AIP, cow. From McGavin’s

This is what we call jawline membrane.
Leakage of proteins from alveolar wall that mixes with the surfactant and lipids produced by the type 2 pneumocytes.

Question 45

This is an image of bovine lungs.
1. What condition did this animal die from?
2. This condition is common in cattle that are?
3. Explain the pathogenesis of this condition.

Answer 45

1. “Fog Fever” AKA Bovine pulmonary edema & emphysema (“fog fever”) → occurs
2. In cattle grazing “fog” pastures (re- growth pasture after a hay or silage has been cut or lush green grass).
3. L-tryptophan present in the pasture is metabolized in the rumen to 3-methylindole → absorbed into the blood and carried to the lungs → metabolized by the mixed function oxidases of non-ciliated bronchiolar epithelial cells (“Clara” cells) into a highly pneumotoxic compound that causes extensive necrosis of bronchiolar epithelial cells and type I pneumocytes (diffuse alveolar damage).

prominent emphysema
rupture of areas of emphysema
–> fatal pneumothorax

Question 46

“Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis” (?)

❑ Common; mainly seen in ______ ______ cows in the _______. The human counterpart is
referred to as “______ lungs”.

❑ Type ____ hypersensitivity reaction to _______ organic antigens, most commonly ________ spores present in _____ hay (local deposition of ___________ in the lungs).

❑ Gross lesions vary from subtle _____ subpleural foci of __________ inflammation to severe lesions in which the lungs acquire a “ __________ appearance” due to alveolar epithelial ________, interstitial _______ and ________.

Answer 46

hypersensitivity pneumonitis

adult dairy, winter, farmer’s, III, inhaled, fungal, moldy, Ag-Ab complexes

gray, granulomatous, meaty, hyperplasia, inflammation, fibrosis

Question 47

Question 48

Pneumonias of Sheep
Viral Pneumonias

❑ Like in cattle _____ virus and ____ can produce pneumonia in sheep.

❑ ____________: Lifelong, persistent disease of sheep that occurs in most countries with the exception of _____ and _____ ______. It is also known as ?
❑ The disease is caused by a _____ of the _______ subfamily (ovine _______) similar to the agent of ____. Results in a ______ interstitial pneumonia (LIP), may also cause a ?
❑ Maedi is characterized by ____ and an insidious slowly progressive _____ despite good appetite.

❑ In goats, CAE virus can cause a ? similar to
OPP in sheep.

Answer 48

PI-3, RSV

Maedi (maedi-visna), Australia, New Zealand, Ovine Progressive Pneumonia (OPP).

retrovirus, lentivirus, lentivirus, CAE, lymphocytic, non-suppurative encephalitis (Visna),
lymphocytic arthritis, lymphofollicular mastitis and vasculitis.

dyspnea, emaciation

lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia

Question 49

interstitial pneumonia and ? are associated with viral pneumonia

Question 50

This is an image of a sheep.
1. Provide a MgDx.
2. Name the etiologic agent.
3. What part of the lungs are affected?
4. This is a typical pattern of?
5. Is this disease primarily subclinical or clinical?
6. In the chronic cases of this condition, list the etiologic agents.

Answer 50

Suppurative bronchopneumonia, sheep –
Pasteurella multocida

Cranio-ventral portion of lungs affected; typical patterns of bacterial pneumonias.
In many cases, this condition can be subclinical, but in clinical disease can be severe and lead to death.

Chronic enzootic pneumonia:
Multifactorial disease –rarely fatal. In
general it affects animals younger than
1-year-old. Etiologic agents include
Mannheimia haemolytica,
Pasteurella multocida, PI-3, adenovirus,
reovirus, RSV, Chlamydophila, and
Mycoplasmas (e.g., mycoplasma
ovipneumoniae)

Question 51

Ovine pneumonic Mannheimosis: Similar to?

Answer 51

shipping fever in cattle.

Question 52

Septicemic pasteurellosis
1. Name the Etiologic agents.
1A. What species are commonly affected? At what age?
1B. What can be seen grossly?

Answer 52

1. Mannheimia haemolytica (biotype A)
   - Usually in lambs under 3 months.
   - Lesions; fibrinous necrotizing; marble appearance). In sheep, not cattle, in addition to shipping fever causes septicemia.
2. Bibersteinia (Pasteurella) trehalosi (biotype T)
   - Usually in lambs 5 to 12 months-old.

–> Lesions: necrotizing pharyngitis and tonsilitis, septicemia with disseminated intravascular thrombosis and bacteremia.

In cases of septicemia pasteur, Won’t see lesions in lungs, but can culture and then determine this.

Question 53

1. What condition is pictured below?
2. What species are typically affected?
3. Name the etiologic agent.
4. Describe the pathogenesis.

Answer 53

Multifocal subpleural pneumonitis – Muellerius capillaris sheep, Cornell files

Verminous bronchitis also occurs in sheep and goats. The etiologic agent Is Dictyocaulus filaria. So can see nematodes in distal bronchi in caudal lung lobe. (MgDx: Catarrhal bronchitis, Etiologic Agent in sheep: Dictyocaulus filaria)

Does not produce clinical disease, but some cases –> infestation severe –> clinical signs
Lesions seen are located in caudal lung lobes; eosino and granulo pneumonia. Slightly raised, grayish nodules.

Question 54

1. Name the important equine influenza diseases that affect horses worldwide.
2. List the other causes of equine pneumonia.

Answer 54

Equine viral rhinopneumonitis (EHV-1, EHV-4) and equine influenza are important diseases in horses worldwide. In addition, equine viral arteritis (EVA) virus and equine adenovirus can also cause pneumonia in horses.

Question 55

Viruses often cause only a transient ________-_________ pneumonia but impair the pulmonary defenses and make horses susceptible to secondary _______ pneumonias (?.)

Answer 55

broncho-interstitial, bacterial, P. Multocida, Streptococcus spp., E.coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Rhodococcus equi etc

Question 56

It has been suggested that viral respiratory infections may predispose horses to?

Answer 56

“airway hyper-responsiveness” and Recurrent Airway Obstruction (chronic bronchiolitis-emphysema complex, “heaves”).

Question 57

What can be seen here?
Describe how you recognize this?
What condition in foals can cause this?

Answer 57

Enlarged, heavier, do not collapse when open chest, rib impressions.

Interstitial pneumonia-foal, Equine Viral Rhinopneumonitis

Question 58

Name the condition pictured below that commonly affect Arabian foals. Describe the pathogensis.
This condition is also common in what other species?

How do you ID this condition microscopically?

Answer 58

1. Interstitial pneumonia due to adenovirus or Pneumocystis carinii Infection are common complication in Arabian foals with SCID (Inherited disorder- autosomal recessive trait- characterized by lack of B and T lymphocytes → die before 5 months of age)
2. Jack Russell Terriers
3. ID microscopically
   You will see frothy eosino fluid in alveoli. When see this –> suspect Pneumocystosis carinii

Question 59

This is a histological image taken from a pig’s lungs. This pig was suffering from Pneumocystosis. Based off of this information, what do you see in the image below? What stain was used on this sample?

Answer 59

Pneumocystosis, Pig, AVC.

Foamy eosinophilic proteinaceous material within alveoli. Fungal organisms are detected with Gomori’s methenamine silver stain (GMS).

Question 60

_____________ is one of the most common and often fatal complications in AIDS patients

Answer 60

Pneumocystosis

Question 61

Answer 61

Animals with SCID may not die from PC but from Adenovirus infection, foal, HE.

Lesions in interstitium
IN IB.

Question 62

Answer 62

Interstitial pneumonia due to Pneumocystis carinii infection with concomitant Rhodococcus equi infection in a foal (Arabian CID foal).

Pinpoint lesions -> foci of necrosis

Question 63

This is an image of a 6-week-old foal.

1. Give a MgDx.
2. Give an Etiologic Dx.
3. Provide the Etiologic Agent.
4. This etiologic agent is important because?
5. Describe this etiologic agent.
6. This organism may become enzootic in case of?
7. Name the virulence factors of this organism.

Answer 63

6-week-old foal,
1. Chronic pyogranulomatous pneumonia
2. Bacterial pneumonia
3. Rhodococcus equi
4. Important cause of morbidity and mortality in foals worldwide.
5. Facultative intracellular gram positive bacterium that causes two major clinical syndromes.
6. This bacterial organism may become enzootic in farms where it has been shed earlier by affected foals.
7. Virulence factors encoded by plasmids (virulence-associated proteins) appear to be responsible for the survival of the organism within macrophages (avoid phagocytosis by inducing defective phagosome-lysosome fusion). This is what makes them difficult to treat and makes them one of the most important conditions plaguing foals.

Question 64

This is an image of a 6 week old foal.
1. Provide a MgDx.
2. Provide an Etiologic agent.

Answer 64

6-week-old foal, Chronic pneumonia –Rhodococcus equi,

1. Mdx: Pyogranulomatous pneumonia
2. Rhodococcus equi

Question 65

__________, _________ enzymes and bacterial ______ are responsible for extensive caseous
necrosis of the lungs and recruitment of large numbers of ? containing numerous _______ organisms. Affected foals develop ?

Answer 65

Cytokines, lysosomal, toxins, neutrophils, macrophages and giant cells, intracytoplasmic

chronic
coughing and weight loss

Question 66

Any foal with bronchopneumonia unresponsive to routine broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy should be suspected of having?

Answer 66

R. equi bronchopneumonia

Question 67

Rhodococcus equi is a potential ________ microorganism since it can infect people undergoing ____________ (AIDS, chemotherapy, therapeutically-induced immunosuppression because of organ transplantation etc.).

Answer 67

zoonotic, immunosuppression

Question 68

Answer 68

Foal, Rhodococcus equi– Texas A&M
pyogranulomatous enterocolitis/ lymphadenitis

Cecal and colonic LN here are marked enlarged
Lesions contain a large amt of suppurative exudate.

Can either have just intestinal or have intestinal and respiratory lesions. Coughing –> transmission

Question 69

This is an image of a horse.
1. Provide a MgDx.
2. Provide an Etiologic Dx.
3. Name the Etiologic Agent.

Answer 69

Horse, embolic Aspergillus infection (Mycotic
pneumonia), Texas A&M, Dr. John Edwards.

Multifocal, necrotizing and hemorrhagic (or necro-hemorrhagic) pneumonia (in this case associated with fungal infection as a complication of salmonellosis).

Nodular region, dark read, necrosis in the middle.

Question 70

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS): First recognized in ________ in 1987. PRRS is characterized by ____-term ________, ______ and ________ disease in
young pigs (?)

Answer 70

Europe, late, abortions, stillbirths, respiratory, interstitial pneumonia

Question 71

Swine Influenza: Resulted from adaptation of the type ___ influenza virus that caused the
pandemic of human influenza during World War I. Low _________ unless complicated
with ?. H1N1 influenza pandemic in 2009.

Answer 71

A, mortality, secondary bacterial infections

Question 72

Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) is caused by ?
This disease results in ?

Answer 72

PCV-2 (Porcine circovirus associated disease);

interstitial pneumonia and progressive emaciation in weaned pigs.

Question 73

Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus (PRCV): Sporadic cause of ?

Answer 73

mild bronchointerstitial pneumonia with necrotizing bronchiolitis

Question 74

Answer 74

Interstitial pneumonia, feeder
pig – highly suggestive of viral pneumonia

Enlarged: increased cellularity of alveolar septae in lungs, rubbery, edematous.

Question 75

Answer 75

Pneumocystosis, Pig, AVC. Foamy eosinophilic
proteinaceous material within alveoli. Fungal
organisms are detected with Gomori’s methenamine silver stain (GMS). Infections with Pneumocystis carinii are common in pigs with PRRS and PMWS.

Question 76

You are called to a pig farm after a farmer found several pigs dead on site. When you arrive, you take a quick look around and notice that this farm is very crowded, there is poor ventilation, it’s humid and different parts of the barn seem to be at different temperatures.
1. Based on these environmental conditions, what is your preliminary diagnosis?
2. What is the etiologic agent?
3. What is a major characteristic of this disease?
4. What are the major factors that contribute to this disease?

Answer 76

1. Porcine Enzootic Pneumonia
2. Multifactorial disease, but Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the main pathogen involved.
3. The organism induces a suppurative or catarrhal bronchopneumonia with BALT hyperplasia that is quite characteristic.

This highly contagious disease of pigs is influenced by immune status
and management factors such as crowding, poor ventilation, humidity and
temperature fluctuation in the barns. The disease is characterized by low mortality
unless complicated with secondary pathogens.

4. Stress, immune state, barns with high humidity and poor ventilation –> contribute to disease.

Question 77

Answer 77

Porcine Enzootic Pneumonia : Mycoplasma pneumonia (Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, young piglet, UCVM, O.Illanes.

Multifactorial disease.

right cranila lun globe, middle, and part of caudal (ventral) is consolidated and discolored hwihc is very classical of suppurative n=pneumonia where eitollgic agent came througb airways (hetarogenous route).

Question 78

Answer 78

Mycoplasma pneumonia, young piglet, UCVM, OI. The bronchopneumonia is mild
to moderate (low mortality) unless complicated with Pasteurella multocida,
Trueperella pyogenes, Bordetella bronchyseptica, Haemophilus spp., Mycoplasma
hyorhinis etc.).

Question 79

You open the peritoneal cavity of a weaner pig and see this.
1. What is your preliminary diagnosis?
2. Name the etiologic agent.
3. Explain the pathogenesis of this condition and potential consequences.

Answer 79

Porcine Polyserositis.
Etio: Himophilus parasuis, sometimes E.coli, Strep suis.
surface oriented parasite; pleura involved –> fibrinous pleuritis, peritoneal cavity is involved. May see Involvement of joints –> fibrinous polyarthritis. Sometimes have neuro disease (meningioencephalitis -> fibirn on meninges) sometimes can have involvement of lungs even in cases of systemic infection.

young suckling pigs, weaning pigs.

Fibrin all over peritoneal. Whenever see fibrin in peritoneal cavity, we immediately think that this is a case of Porcine peritoneosistis.

Question 80

Answer 80

3-month-old pig, fibrinous pleuritis and pneumonia, may be a component of Glasser’s disease (Haemophilus parasuis) CVM,
Western University of Health Sciences, O.Illanes

Question 81

This is an image of pig lungs.
1. What is your preliminary diagnosis?
2. Name the etiologic agent.
3. This disease primarily affects which species and of what age group?
4. What part of the lungs are affected?
5. How would you describe these lesions?
6. These lesions are similar to?

Answer 81

1. Porcine Contagious Pleuropneumonia,
2. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
3. Highly contagious often fatal fibrinous bronchopneumonia of pigs 2-5 months of age.
4. Dorsal area of the caudal lung lobes is often affected.
5. Lesions are severe and characterized
   by hemorrhage, necrosis and thrombosis.
6. Except for the distribution lesions are similar to those of pneumonic mannheimiosis of cattle.

Question 82

Answer 82

Cut surface, contagious pleuropneumonia, pig
Marble appearance, well demarkeded.

Pale areas = necrosis
Areas of hemorrhage

Same in case of mannhemia hemolytica
Fibrino-hemorrhagic and necrotizing pneumonia

Question 83

Answer 83

Porcine Contagious Pleuropneumonia,
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

Pale areas = necrosis
Areas of hemorrhage

Same in case of mannhemia hemolytica
Fibrino-hemorrhagic and necrotizing pneumonia

Question 84

How do you know if you are dealing with a case of shipping fever vs. a case of porcine pleuropneumonia

Answer 84

cattle or sheep = pneumonic manhemoiosis
pig = conagious pleuropneumonia

Question 85

Pneumonias are not as common in ____ as in ____- producing animals.

Answer 85

dogs, food

Question 86

Kennel cough is called?

Answer 86

Infectious tracheobronchitis (Kennel cough)

Question 87

List the most common infectious pneumonias in dogs.

Answer 87

Kennel cough and canine distemper are the most
common.

Question 88

List the most common non-infectious pneumonias in dogs.

Answer 88

Non-infectious: Uremia and paraquat (widely used herbicide) toxicity are most common.

Question 89

List other causes of pneumonia in dogs.

Answer 89

In addition to distemper, canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2), canine herpesvirus 1 (CHV-1) and canine influenza virus can produce pneumonias in dogs.

Question 90

Bacterial pneumonias are often secondary to ?

Answer 90

distemper virus infection or aspiration of gastric contents (when pulmonary defence mechanisms have been impaired). Pasteurella multocida, Streptococcus spp., E. Coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bordetella bronchiseptica can be involved.

Question 91

What can be pictured below?

Answer 91

Broncho-interstitial pneumonia associated with canine distemper infection.

Consolidation in crnaial portion of lungs, lungs increase in consistency.

Micro: intracytoplasmic eosino inclusion bodies, occasionally may see inclusons in nuclei. So can produce both IC and IN IB. Can do IHC, PCR, viral isolation to confirm diagnosis.

Question 92

What can be seen below?

Answer 92

Aspiration pneumonia
E.g. of necrotizing pneumonia.
Cranio-ventral portion affected. Only affecting right side, must be thinking of aspiration pneumonia; e.g. placed NG tube in wrong place or aspiration of gastric contents.

Question 93

What can be seen below?

Answer 93

Granulomatous pneumonia, Blastomyces dermatitidis, dog
Result of systemic manifestations; lesions in liver, spleen, kidney and then lungs.

Fungi produce this granulomatous/necrotizing pneumonia. Diffuse invovlement; multifocal to coaslescing

Question 94

Answer 94

Dog, mycotic pneumonia
(granulomatous pneumonia).
Left: Blastomycosis, histoplasma as well is common

Question 95

Answer 95

Fungal organisms present in MQ in lungs

Histoplasmosis

Question 96

Answer 96

Uremic pneumonitis (or uremic pneumonopathy), dog.

Some animals that had chronci renal disease may have this in lungs.
Uremia damages [ulmon capillaries, minzerlation in basal membrane and alveoli in general. Lungs will not colllapse, and you will see this swelling and rib impressions

Question 97

Is pneumonia in cats common?

Answer 97

Pneumonias of cats
 Upper respiratory infections: Common
 Pneumonias: Rare
The viruses that produce upper respiratory disease may
also induce pneumonia, but unless complicated with
secondary bacterial infections they usually do not pose a
significant clinical problem.

Question 98

Answer 98

Cats in the world can suffer from verminous pneumonias associated with strongylus abtrusus infection.
May see multifocal, slightly raised, pale tan nodules that represent granulomatous pnuemonia associated with parasitic infection

Question 99

Answer 99

Aelurostrongylus abstrusus

Snails and slugs are the
intermediate hosts. Subpleural
nodules contain larvae and eggs,
HE.

Question 100

Pulmonary neoplasia
 In comparison to humans primary pulmonary tumors are ____ in animals
 Most are ________ and may appear as _____ masses of ______ size
 In domestic animals they are most common in ?

Answer 100

rare, malignant, solitary, variable, dogs and cats

Question 101

Answer 101

Cat, pulmonary adenocarcinoma, HE.

Neoplastic proliferation of epithelial cells separated by small amt of CT. May be ariding from bronchiolar/aleveolar epithelium, etc. but we can call it an adenocarcinoma b/c forming glandular structures and arising from epithelium

Question 102

3-year-old sheep, University of Zaragoza, Spain

1. Dx?
2. Etiologic agent?

Answer 102

Ovine pulmonary carcinoma (pulmonary
adenomatosis).

Caused by a transmissible retrovirus, jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) . Found around the world but not in New Zealand or Australia. Mainly seen in mature sheep. Slowly progressive signs of respiratory disease → death after several months from the initial onset of
respiratory signs.

Neoplastic cel proliferation in top left

Question 103

Answer 103

Thyroid gland carcinoma that metastasized to the lungs (right image).

Question 104

Dog, Morphologic diagnosis?

Answer 104

Melanoma
arise form oral cavity in dogs –> metastize -> lungs

Question 105

Answer 105

Hydrothorax, 8-y-old dog, AVC
Lesions are depressed and represnet areas of agliactaiss -> compressive.

Cause of hydrothorax here is a result of
Chronic liver disease (end-stage liver, cirrhosis) [see liver in image; small, necrotic scaring, loss of parenchyma]

Question 106

Answer 106

Hemothorax, dog with ruptured aortic aneurism.

Severe trauma, HBC results in this; focal dilation –> rupture –> hemothorax

Question 107

Answer 107

Chylothorax, mink,
WCVM

milky fluid represents lympahtic fluid
rupture of lympahtic ducts in thoracic cavity –> sever pulmonary agalacticsis

Question 108

Answer 108

Horses can develop shipping fever when under intense stress
Lungs are not affected, fibirn and neutrohpils present on the SURFACE of the pleura.

Bacteria –> streptococcus equi

Fibrinous pleuritis,
horse.
“Shipping fever”: Streptococcus
equi subsp. zooepidemicus

Question 109

Answer 109

Pyothorax, Pasteurella Multocida, cat

Exudate = brownish, tomato soup
Suppurative exudate
Assoc with rupture of pulmonary abscesses, –> pyothorax –> die acutely after that

Question 110

Answer 110

Chronic pleuritis with “sulfur granules”, nocardiosis (Nocardia asteroides),
Cat

bite wounds –> prominne tpleuritis with sulfur granules

Question 111

Answer 111

Mesothelioma – In domestic animals seen mainly in cattle – can be
congenital. In humans has been associated with inhalation of asbestos
(mining, construction, ship building).