Pathology of The Respiratory System – Part 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Name the different patterns of pneumonia.
A
B: most likely associated with bacterial infection.
C: a lot of fibrin –> More severe than supp
D: most likely associated with viral infections or pneumotoxins.
2
Q
Toxins can produce pneumonia in the lungs via two routes. Name them.
A
- Aerogenous route
- hematogenous route.
3
Q
A
4
Q
A
5
Q
A
6
Q
A
7
Q
A
8
Q
A
9
Q
A
10
Q
A
11
Q
A
12
Q
A
13
Q
A
14
Q
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) is caused by
A
BoHV-1.
15
Q
____________ virus (? virus) and _____ virus (?) cause a transient rhino-tracheitis and broncho-interstitial pneumonia with the formation of eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions bodies in bronchial, bronchiolar, alveolar epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages.
Formation of syncytial cells occurs in ?
A
Para-influenza-3, PI-3, Bovine Respiratory Syncytial, BRSV
both, BRSV and PI-3 virus infection.
16
Q
BRSV and PI-3 should be considered in calves with?
A
necrotizing bronchiolitis
17
Q
Diagnosis of viral pneumonias are confirmed by ?
A
virus isolation, PCR or detection of viral antigens
by fluorescence antibody test (FAT) or immunohistochemistry (IHC).
18
Q
A
BRSV
No clear areas of consolidation
Lungs appear to be larger, with more rubbery consistency, rib impressions (so see impression = virus, toxin).
19
Q
A
BRSV
Bronchiole containing necrotic debris in lumen.
Pink cytoplasmic inclusion body can be seen in BRSV and Parainfluenza3 (in comparison to IBR = IN).
Microscopically can not differentiate between BRSV and PI3, need to do PCR.
20
Q
A
BRSV
Syncytial cells
21
Q
A
BRSV. IHC stains demonstrates widespread injury to the airway Epithelium.
Broncho interstial - virus damages bronchoioles and interstitium.
22
Q
A
BRSV
Large syncytial cells that start partially dividing; contain same cytoplasm but multiple nuclei.
23
Q
- Based on the image below, this cow suffered from?
- This condition is caused by what etiologic agent?
A
- Bovine enzootic pneumonia (chronic
suppurative bronchopneumonia). - Caused by a variety of etiologic agents
including respiratory viruses, Mycoplasmas,
Chlamydophila, followed by opportunistic
bacteria such as Pasteurella multocida,
Trueperella pyogenes, Histophilus somni,
Mannheimia haemolytica and E.coli.
❑ Calves with bovine leukocyte adhesion
deficiency (BLAD), which prevents the
migration of neutrophils from the
capillaries, are highly susceptible to
bronchopneumonia.
24
Q
A
Chronic suppurative bronchopneumonia
25
Suppurative bronchopneumonia
26
___________ and ___________ are common sequels of chronic suppurative
pneumonia.
Abscessation and bronchiectasis are
Common sequels of chronic suppurative
pneumonia.
Caudal lung lobe = normal, but because this is such a small portion that is unaffected, it is clear they died of cardiorespiratory failure since they were unable to deliver oxygen to the body.
27
This is an image of ___________ bronchopneumonia which is more severe than ___________ pneumonias.
Areas of ___________, presence of _____ on surface.
If you sectioned this lung, and placed it in water, due to exudate it would _____.
Fibrinous bronchopneumonia,
More severe than suppurative pneumonias.
Areas of consolidation, presence of fibrin on surface.
If you sectioned this lung, and placed it in water, due to exudate it would float.
28
1. Provide a MgDx.
2. Name this condition.
3. This condition is common in which species?
1. Fibrinous pneumonia
2. Pneumonic mannheimiosis/shipping fever, steer
3. Common in heiffers, steers
Focal areas of discoloration
Common in heiffers, steers
80% of pulmonary parenchyma is affected with this fribrinous pneumonia
29
1. Name the condition pictured below.
2. Describe the appearance of the lungs pictured below.
Pneumonic mannheimiosis:
Marbling appearance
of the pulmonary parenchyma.
Coagulation necrosis in the lungs.
Discolortion, interlobular itssue appear to be exapnded more than normal due to presence of edema, fibrin, exudate.
30
1. What is pictured below?
2. Name the condition that causes this?
Mannheimia haemolytica biotype A,
serotype 1 is responsible for the
severe pulmonary lesions (areas of
necrosis etc.)
31
1. What is the Morphological Dx?
2. What is the Etiologic Dx?
3. What does this disease result in?
4. The name of this condition is?
1. Fibrinous pneumonia
2. Histophilus somni; Part of the Histophilus somni disease complex (TME, pneumonia, pleuritis, myocarditis, arthritis,
abortion etc.,).
3. Results in suppurative or fibrinous bronchopneumonia. The later may be almost undistinguishable from
the fibrinous bronchopneumonia
caused by Mannheimia haemolytica.
4. Respiratory histophilosis
32
1. What is the Morphological Dx?
2. What is the Etiologic Dx?
3. What does this disease result in?
4. The name of this condition is?
Make story for each picture
1. Chronic necrotizing bronchopneumonia
2. Mycoplasma bovis
3. Important cause of chronic respiratory
disease in North America ‘s feedlot cattle. The organism causes a chronic
necrotizing bronchopneumonia which is quite characteristic. Also causes severe fibrinous arthritis
4. Mycoplasma bovis pneumonia
33
Mycoplasma bovis
They look like abscesses but, you will see on cross section that these areas are solid lesions
34
Multifocal to coalescing areas of caseous necrosis
Microscopically you can not recognize it because it is solid necrosis
35
Necrotizing pneumonia, not _____ pneumonia because they are solid lesions
36
Positive immunoperoxidase staining of M. bovis antigens,
IHC
See areas of caseous necrosis
37
1. What is the Morphological Dx?
2. What is the Etiologic agent?
3. This disease is common in which species?
4. This disease is associated with?
5. Lesions caused by this condition are typically located ?
1. Multifocal granulomatous pneumonia
2. Mycoplasma bovis
3. Seen in deer, elk, bison, buffalo.
4. Assocaited in spillover from wildlife to domestic animals
5. Lesions are more common in retropharyngeal lymph nodes, lungs,
thoracic and mesenteric lymph nodes.
Lesions in cervids often contain prominent
suppurative exudate and may resemble
abscesses…
Caused by M. bovis. It has been suggested
that the term TB should be limited to
diseases caused by M. tuberculosis (human)
and M. bovis (cattle); other conditions
should be referred as “Mycobacteriosis”.
In North America the disease has been
almost eliminated but there still outbreaks
that often originate from wild life (M. bovis
not only affects cattle and humans but also
deer, elk, bison etc.→ wild ruminants).
Lesions are more common in
retropharyngeal lymph nodes, lungs,
thoracic and mesenteric lymph nodes.
Lesions in cervids often contain prominent
suppurative exudate and may resemble
abscesses...
38
1. MgDx?
2. Etiologic agent (if this is a cow)?
3. Disease leads to?
1. Verminous bronchitis/ pneumonia OR catarrhal bronchitis
2. In cattle is caused by infection with Dictyocaulus viviparus.
3. Varies from interstitial pneumonia (larval migration) to chronic bronchitis (intrabronchial adult parasites) tom granulomatous pneumonia (eggs, dead larvae).
Mucosuppurative lesion in most cases
If you see multifocal areas of congestion in the caudal lung lobes, you must suspect that it could be a case of this.
39
Suppurative component.
On the inside, suppurative exudate mixed with mucous and catarrhal type of exudate + chunks of pus on the bronchi.
40
If this is an image of lungs from a pig, what would be the etiologic agent causing this condition?
Where in the lungs would you find this worm?
1. Mucosuppurative
2. Metastrongylus spp. ; pigs; smaller and thinner than dicto
3. Terminal bronchi from the right caudal lung lobe, pig. Slaughterhouse specimen,
St. Kitts. Lung worms are admixed within slightly turbid mucoid exudate.
41
Numerous thin and elongated worms within the __________ bronchi of the ______ (diaphragmatic) lung lobes: ____________ spp. Pig,
slaughterhouse specimen, St. Kitts, 2012.
Numerous thin and elongated worms within the terminal bronchi of the
caudal (diaphragmatic) lung lobes: Metastrongylus spp. Pig,
slaughterhouse specimen, St. Kitts, 2012.
42
Pig
Numerous _____________ spp. are
present within a bronchus, ________ lung lobe. Possible morphologic dx:?
Etiologic dx: ?
Numerous Metastrongylus spp. are
present within a bronchus, caudal lung lobe. Possible morphologic dx:
catarrhal bronchitis; Etiologic dx: Verminous (or parasitic) bronchitis;
pulmonary metastrongylosis. RUSVM, OI.
43
Atypical Interstitial Pneumonia (AIP) of cattle
❑ Do not fit any of the “___________” forms of pneumonia
❑ Characterized by the presence of _______, interstitial _________, _______ membranes, type ____ pneumocyte ________ and
interstitial _______ with cellular ________
❑ These types of pneumonias have specific etiologies.
❑ Investigators have proposed that these syndromes previously clustered under AIP be named according to their specific cause or
pathogenesis.
❑ Do not fit any of the “classical” forms of pneumonia
❑ Characterized by the presence of edema, interstitial emphysema,
hyaline membranes, type II pneumocyte hyperplasia and
interstitial fibrosis with cellular infiltrates
❑ These types of pneumonias have specific etiologies.
❑ Investigators have proposed that these syndromes previously
clustered under AIP be named according to their specific cause or
pathogenesis.
44
This histological image was taken from a cow with Atypical Interstitial Pneumonia (AIP).
What can be seen in the image below?
Diffuse alveolar damage –formation of hyaline membranes – AIP, cow. From McGavin’s
This is what we call jawline membrane.
Leakage of proteins from alveolar wall that mixes with the surfactant and lipids produced by the type 2 pneumocytes.
45
This is an image of bovine lungs.
1. What condition did this animal die from?
2. This condition is common in cattle that are?
3. Explain the pathogenesis of this condition.
1. “Fog Fever” AKA Bovine pulmonary edema & emphysema (“fog fever”) → occurs
2. In cattle grazing “fog” pastures (re- growth pasture after a hay or silage has been cut or lush green grass).
3. L-tryptophan present in the pasture is metabolized in the rumen to 3-methylindole → absorbed into the blood and carried to the lungs → metabolized by the mixed function oxidases of non-ciliated bronchiolar epithelial cells (“Clara” cells) into a highly pneumotoxic compound that causes extensive necrosis of bronchiolar epithelial cells and type I pneumocytes (diffuse alveolar damage).
prominent emphysema
rupture of areas of emphysema
--> fatal pneumothorax
46
“Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis” (?)
❑ Common; mainly seen in ______ ______ cows in the _______. The human counterpart is
referred to as “______ lungs”.
❑ Type ____ hypersensitivity reaction to _______ organic antigens, most commonly ________ spores present in _____ hay (local deposition of ___________ in the lungs).
❑ Gross lesions vary from subtle _____ subpleural foci of __________ inflammation to severe lesions in which the lungs acquire a “ __________ appearance” due to alveolar epithelial ________, interstitial _______ and ________.
hypersensitivity pneumonitis
adult dairy, winter, farmer’s, III, inhaled, fungal, moldy, Ag-Ab complexes
gray, granulomatous, meaty, hyperplasia, inflammation, fibrosis
47
48
Pneumonias of Sheep
Viral Pneumonias
❑ Like in cattle _____ virus and ____ can produce pneumonia in sheep.
❑ ____________: Lifelong, persistent disease of sheep that occurs in most countries with the exception of _____ and _____ ______. It is also known as ?
❑ The disease is caused by a _____ of the _______ subfamily (ovine _______) similar to the agent of ____. Results in a ______ interstitial pneumonia (LIP), may also cause a ?
❑ Maedi is characterized by ____ and an insidious slowly progressive _____ despite good appetite.
❑ In goats, CAE virus can cause a ? similar to
OPP in sheep.
PI-3, RSV
Maedi (maedi-visna), Australia, New Zealand, Ovine Progressive Pneumonia (OPP).
retrovirus, lentivirus, lentivirus, CAE, lymphocytic, non-suppurative encephalitis (Visna),
lymphocytic arthritis, lymphofollicular mastitis and vasculitis.
dyspnea, emaciation
lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia
49
interstitial pneumonia and ? are associated with viral pneumonia
50
This is an image of a sheep.
1. Provide a MgDx.
2. Name the etiologic agent.
3. What part of the lungs are affected?
4. This is a typical pattern of?
5. Is this disease primarily subclinical or clinical?
6. In the chronic cases of this condition, list the etiologic agents.
Suppurative bronchopneumonia, sheep –
Pasteurella multocida
Cranio-ventral portion of lungs affected; typical patterns of bacterial pneumonias.
In many cases, this condition can be subclinical, but in clinical disease can be severe and lead to death.
Chronic enzootic pneumonia:
Multifactorial disease –rarely fatal. In
general it affects animals younger than
1-year-old. Etiologic agents include
Mannheimia haemolytica,
Pasteurella multocida, PI-3, adenovirus,
reovirus, RSV, Chlamydophila, and
Mycoplasmas (e.g., mycoplasma
ovipneumoniae)
51
Ovine pneumonic Mannheimosis: Similar to?
shipping fever in cattle.
52
Septicemic pasteurellosis
1. Name the Etiologic agents.
1A. What species are commonly affected? At what age?
1B. What can be seen grossly?
1. Mannheimia haemolytica (biotype A)
- Usually in lambs under 3 months.
- Lesions; fibrinous necrotizing; marble appearance). In sheep, not cattle, in addition to shipping fever causes septicemia.
2. Bibersteinia (Pasteurella) trehalosi (biotype T)
- Usually in lambs 5 to 12 months-old.
--> Lesions: necrotizing pharyngitis and tonsilitis, septicemia with disseminated intravascular thrombosis and bacteremia.
In cases of septicemia pasteur, Won't see lesions in lungs, but can culture and then determine this.
53
1. What condition is pictured below?
2. What species are typically affected?
3. Name the etiologic agent.
4. Describe the pathogenesis.
Multifocal subpleural pneumonitis – Muellerius capillaris sheep, Cornell files
Verminous bronchitis also occurs in sheep and goats. The etiologic agent Is Dictyocaulus filaria. So can see nematodes in distal bronchi in caudal lung lobe. (MgDx: Catarrhal bronchitis, Etiologic Agent in sheep: Dictyocaulus filaria)
Does not produce clinical disease, but some cases --> infestation severe --> clinical signs
Lesions seen are located in caudal lung lobes; eosino and granulo pneumonia. Slightly raised, grayish nodules.
54
1. Name the important equine influenza diseases that affect horses worldwide.
2. List the other causes of equine pneumonia.
Equine viral rhinopneumonitis (EHV-1, EHV-4) and equine influenza are important diseases in horses worldwide. In addition, equine viral arteritis (EVA) virus and equine adenovirus can also cause pneumonia in horses.
55
Viruses often cause only a transient ________-_________ pneumonia but impair the pulmonary defenses and make horses susceptible to secondary _______ pneumonias (?.)
broncho-interstitial, bacterial, P. Multocida, Streptococcus spp., E.coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Rhodococcus equi etc
56
It has been suggested that viral respiratory infections may predispose horses to?
“airway hyper-responsiveness” and Recurrent Airway Obstruction (chronic bronchiolitis-emphysema complex, “heaves”).
57
What can be seen here?
Describe how you recognize this?
What condition in foals can cause this?
Enlarged, heavier, do not collapse when open chest, rib impressions.
Interstitial pneumonia-foal, Equine Viral Rhinopneumonitis
58
Name the condition pictured below that commonly affect Arabian foals. Describe the pathogensis.
This condition is also common in what other species?
How do you ID this condition microscopically?
1. Interstitial pneumonia due to adenovirus or Pneumocystis carinii Infection are common complication in Arabian foals with SCID (Inherited disorder- autosomal recessive trait- characterized by lack of B and T lymphocytes → die before 5 months of age)
2. Jack Russell Terriers
3. ID microscopically
You will see frothy eosino fluid in alveoli. When see this --> suspect Pneumocystosis carinii
59
This is a histological image taken from a pig's lungs. This pig was suffering from Pneumocystosis. Based off of this information, what do you see in the image below? What stain was used on this sample?
Pneumocystosis, Pig, AVC.
Foamy eosinophilic proteinaceous material within alveoli. Fungal organisms are detected with Gomori’s methenamine silver stain (GMS).
60
_____________ is one of the most common and often fatal complications in AIDS patients
Pneumocystosis
61
Animals with SCID may not die from PC but from Adenovirus infection, foal, HE.
Lesions in interstitium
IN IB.
62
Interstitial pneumonia due to Pneumocystis carinii infection with concomitant Rhodococcus equi infection in a foal (Arabian CID foal).
Pinpoint lesions -> foci of necrosis
63
This is an image of a 6-week-old foal.
1. Give a MgDx.
2. Give an Etiologic Dx.
3. Provide the Etiologic Agent.
4. This etiologic agent is important because?
5. Describe this etiologic agent.
6. This organism may become enzootic in case of?
7. Name the virulence factors of this organism.
6-week-old foal,
1. Chronic pyogranulomatous pneumonia
2. Bacterial pneumonia
3. Rhodococcus equi
4. Important cause of morbidity and mortality in foals worldwide.
5. Facultative intracellular gram positive bacterium that causes two major clinical syndromes.
6. This bacterial organism may become enzootic in farms where it has been shed earlier by affected foals.
7. Virulence factors encoded by plasmids (virulence-associated proteins) appear to be responsible for the survival of the organism within macrophages (avoid phagocytosis by inducing defective phagosome-lysosome fusion). This is what makes them difficult to treat and makes them one of the most important conditions plaguing foals.
64
This is an image of a 6 week old foal.
1. Provide a MgDx.
2. Provide an Etiologic agent.
6-week-old foal, Chronic pneumonia –Rhodococcus equi,
1. Mdx: Pyogranulomatous pneumonia
2. Rhodococcus equi
65
__________, _________ enzymes and bacterial ______ are responsible for extensive caseous
necrosis of the lungs and recruitment of large numbers of ? containing numerous _______ organisms. Affected foals develop ?
Cytokines, lysosomal, toxins, neutrophils, macrophages and giant cells, intracytoplasmic
chronic
coughing and weight loss
66
Any foal with bronchopneumonia unresponsive to routine broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy should be suspected of having?
R. equi bronchopneumonia
67
Rhodococcus equi is a potential ________ microorganism since it can infect people undergoing ____________ (AIDS, chemotherapy, therapeutically-induced immunosuppression because of organ transplantation etc.).
zoonotic, immunosuppression
68
Foal, Rhodococcus equi– Texas A&M
pyogranulomatous enterocolitis/ lymphadenitis
Cecal and colonic LN here are marked enlarged
Lesions contain a large amt of suppurative exudate.
Can either have just intestinal or have intestinal and respiratory lesions. Coughing --> transmission
69
This is an image of a horse.
1. Provide a MgDx.
2. Provide an Etiologic Dx.
3. Name the Etiologic Agent.
Horse, embolic Aspergillus infection (Mycotic
pneumonia), Texas A&M, Dr. John Edwards.
Multifocal, necrotizing and hemorrhagic (or necro-hemorrhagic) pneumonia (in this case associated with fungal infection as a complication of salmonellosis).
Nodular region, dark read, necrosis in the middle.
70
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS): First recognized in ________ in 1987. PRRS is characterized by ____-term ________, ______ and ________ disease in
young pigs (?)
Europe, late, abortions, stillbirths, respiratory, interstitial pneumonia
71
Swine Influenza: Resulted from adaptation of the type ___ influenza virus that caused the
pandemic of human influenza during World War I. Low _________ unless complicated
with ?. H1N1 influenza pandemic in 2009.
A, mortality, secondary bacterial infections
72
Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) is caused by ?
This disease results in ?
PCV-2 (Porcine circovirus associated disease);
interstitial pneumonia and progressive emaciation in weaned pigs.
73
Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus (PRCV): Sporadic cause of ?
mild bronchointerstitial pneumonia with necrotizing bronchiolitis
74
Interstitial pneumonia, feeder
pig – highly suggestive of viral pneumonia
Enlarged: increased cellularity of alveolar septae in lungs, rubbery, edematous.
75
Pneumocystosis, Pig, AVC. Foamy eosinophilic
proteinaceous material within alveoli. Fungal
organisms are detected with Gomori’s methenamine silver stain (GMS). Infections with Pneumocystis carinii are common in pigs with PRRS and PMWS.
76
You are called to a pig farm after a farmer found several pigs dead on site. When you arrive, you take a quick look around and notice that this farm is very crowded, there is poor ventilation, it's humid and different parts of the barn seem to be at different temperatures.
1. Based on these environmental conditions, what is your preliminary diagnosis?
2. What is the etiologic agent?
3. What is a major characteristic of this disease?
4. What are the major factors that contribute to this disease?
1. Porcine Enzootic Pneumonia
2. Multifactorial disease, but Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the main pathogen involved.
3. The organism induces a suppurative or catarrhal bronchopneumonia with BALT hyperplasia that is quite characteristic.
This highly contagious disease of pigs is influenced by immune status
and management factors such as crowding, poor ventilation, humidity and
temperature fluctuation in the barns. The disease is characterized by low mortality
unless complicated with secondary pathogens.
4. Stress, immune state, barns with high humidity and poor ventilation --> contribute to disease.
77
Porcine Enzootic Pneumonia : Mycoplasma pneumonia (Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, young piglet, UCVM, O.Illanes.
Multifactorial disease.
right cranila lun globe, middle, and part of caudal (ventral) is consolidated and discolored hwihc is very classical of suppurative n=pneumonia where eitollgic agent came througb airways (hetarogenous route).
78
Mycoplasma pneumonia, young piglet, UCVM, OI. The bronchopneumonia is mild
to moderate (low mortality) unless complicated with Pasteurella multocida,
Trueperella pyogenes, Bordetella bronchyseptica, Haemophilus spp., Mycoplasma
hyorhinis etc.).
79
You open the peritoneal cavity of a weaner pig and see this.
1. What is your preliminary diagnosis?
2. Name the etiologic agent.
3. Explain the pathogenesis of this condition and potential consequences.
Porcine Polyserositis.
Etio: Himophilus parasuis, sometimes E.coli, Strep suis.
surface oriented parasite; pleura involved --> fibrinous pleuritis, peritoneal cavity is involved. May see Involvement of joints --> fibrinous polyarthritis. Sometimes have neuro disease (meningioencephalitis -> fibirn on meninges) sometimes can have involvement of lungs even in cases of systemic infection.
young suckling pigs, weaning pigs.
Fibrin all over peritoneal. Whenever see fibrin in peritoneal cavity, we immediately think that this is a case of Porcine peritoneosistis.
80
3-month-old pig, fibrinous pleuritis and pneumonia, may be a component of Glasser’s disease (Haemophilus parasuis) CVM,
Western University of Health Sciences, O.Illanes
81
This is an image of pig lungs.
1. What is your preliminary diagnosis?
2. Name the etiologic agent.
3. This disease primarily affects which species and of what age group?
4. What part of the lungs are affected?
5. How would you describe these lesions?
6. These lesions are similar to?
1. Porcine Contagious Pleuropneumonia,
2. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
3. Highly contagious often fatal fibrinous bronchopneumonia of pigs 2-5 months of age.
4. Dorsal area of the caudal lung lobes is often affected.
5. Lesions are severe and characterized
by hemorrhage, necrosis and thrombosis.
6. Except for the distribution lesions are similar to those of pneumonic mannheimiosis of cattle.
82
Cut surface, contagious pleuropneumonia, pig
Marble appearance, well demarkeded.
Pale areas = necrosis
Areas of hemorrhage
Same in case of mannhemia hemolytica
Fibrino-hemorrhagic and necrotizing pneumonia
83
Porcine Contagious Pleuropneumonia,
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
Pale areas = necrosis
Areas of hemorrhage
Same in case of mannhemia hemolytica
Fibrino-hemorrhagic and necrotizing pneumonia
84
How do you know if you are dealing with a case of shipping fever vs. a case of porcine pleuropneumonia
cattle or sheep = pneumonic manhemoiosis
pig = conagious pleuropneumonia
85
Pneumonias are not as common in ____ as in ____- producing animals.
dogs, food
86
Kennel cough is called?
Infectious tracheobronchitis (Kennel cough)
87
List the most common infectious pneumonias in dogs.
Kennel cough and canine distemper are the most
common.
88
List the most common non-infectious pneumonias in dogs.
Non-infectious: Uremia and paraquat (widely used herbicide) toxicity are most common.
89
List other causes of pneumonia in dogs.
In addition to distemper, canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2), canine herpesvirus 1 (CHV-1) and canine influenza virus can produce pneumonias in dogs.
90
Bacterial pneumonias are often secondary to ?
distemper virus infection or aspiration of gastric contents (when pulmonary defence mechanisms have been impaired). Pasteurella multocida, Streptococcus spp., E. Coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bordetella bronchiseptica can be involved.
91
What can be pictured below?
Broncho-interstitial pneumonia associated with canine distemper infection.
Consolidation in crnaial portion of lungs, lungs increase in consistency.
Micro: intracytoplasmic eosino inclusion bodies, occasionally may see inclusons in nuclei. So can produce both IC and IN IB. Can do IHC, PCR, viral isolation to confirm diagnosis.
92
What can be seen below?
Aspiration pneumonia
E.g. of necrotizing pneumonia.
Cranio-ventral portion affected. Only affecting right side, must be thinking of aspiration pneumonia; e.g. placed NG tube in wrong place or aspiration of gastric contents.
93
What can be seen below?
Granulomatous pneumonia, Blastomyces dermatitidis, dog
Result of systemic manifestations; lesions in liver, spleen, kidney and then lungs.
Fungi produce this granulomatous/necrotizing pneumonia. Diffuse invovlement; multifocal to coaslescing
94
Dog, mycotic pneumonia
(granulomatous pneumonia).
Left: Blastomycosis, histoplasma as well is common
95
Fungal organisms present in MQ in lungs
Histoplasmosis
96
Uremic pneumonitis (or uremic pneumonopathy), dog.
Some animals that had chronci renal disease may have this in lungs.
Uremia damages [ulmon capillaries, minzerlation in basal membrane and alveoli in general. Lungs will not colllapse, and you will see this swelling and rib impressions
97
Is pneumonia in cats common?
Pneumonias of cats
Upper respiratory infections: Common
Pneumonias: Rare
The viruses that produce upper respiratory disease may
also induce pneumonia, but unless complicated with
secondary bacterial infections they usually do not pose a
significant clinical problem.
98
Cats in the world can suffer from verminous pneumonias associated with strongylus abtrusus infection.
May see multifocal, slightly raised, pale tan nodules that represent granulomatous pnuemonia associated with parasitic infection
99
Aelurostrongylus abstrusus
Snails and slugs are the
intermediate hosts. Subpleural
nodules contain larvae and eggs,
HE.
100
Pulmonary neoplasia
In comparison to humans primary pulmonary tumors are ____ in animals
Most are ________ and may appear as _____ masses of ______ size
In domestic animals they are most common in ?
rare, malignant, solitary, variable, dogs and cats
101
Cat, pulmonary adenocarcinoma, HE.
Neoplastic proliferation of epithelial cells separated by small amt of CT. May be ariding from bronchiolar/aleveolar epithelium, etc. but we can call it an adenocarcinoma b/c forming glandular structures and arising from epithelium
102
3-year-old sheep, University of Zaragoza, Spain
1. Dx?
2. Etiologic agent?
Ovine pulmonary carcinoma (pulmonary
adenomatosis).
Caused by a transmissible retrovirus, jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) . Found around the world but not in New Zealand or Australia. Mainly seen in mature sheep. Slowly progressive signs of respiratory disease → death after several months from the initial onset of
respiratory signs.
Neoplastic cel proliferation in top left
103
Thyroid gland carcinoma that metastasized to the lungs (right image).
104
Dog, Morphologic diagnosis?
Melanoma
arise form oral cavity in dogs --> metastize -> lungs
105
Hydrothorax, 8-y-old dog, AVC
Lesions are depressed and represnet areas of agliactaiss -> compressive.
Cause of hydrothorax here is a result of
Chronic liver disease (end-stage liver, cirrhosis) [see liver in image; small, necrotic scaring, loss of parenchyma]
106
Hemothorax, dog with ruptured aortic aneurism.
Severe trauma, HBC results in this; focal dilation --> rupture --> hemothorax
107
Chylothorax, mink,
WCVM
milky fluid represents lympahtic fluid
rupture of lympahtic ducts in thoracic cavity --> sever pulmonary agalacticsis
108
Horses can develop shipping fever when under intense stress
Lungs are not affected, fibirn and neutrohpils present on the SURFACE of the pleura.
Bacteria --> streptococcus equi
Fibrinous pleuritis,
horse.
“Shipping fever”: Streptococcus
equi subsp. zooepidemicus
109
Pyothorax, Pasteurella Multocida, cat
Exudate = brownish, tomato soup
Suppurative exudate
Assoc with rupture of pulmonary abscesses, --> pyothorax --> die acutely after that
110
Chronic pleuritis with “sulfur granules”, nocardiosis (Nocardia asteroides),
Cat
bite wounds --> prominne tpleuritis with sulfur granules
111
Mesothelioma – In domestic animals seen mainly in cattle – can be
congenital. In humans has been associated with inhalation of asbestos
(mining, construction, ship building).
