Lab Session - Respiratory System Flashcards
There is a thrombus here.
Both on the left and right
Mdx: Pulmonary thrombosis
What is the Mdx?
List two possible causes. (This is a dog)
Pulmonary thrombosis
Causes:
1. Heartworm - Difolaria immitis
2. Renal failure associated primarily with glomerular disease.
3. Hyperadrenocorticism
- antithrombin 3 is one of the main thrombin factors, it is lost through the glomerular filtrate and eliminated in the urine. loss of antithrombin 3 –> pulmonary thrombosis
Ulcerative, hemorrhagic larynigitis
BHV-1
Infectious bovine rhino tracheitis –> produces intra-nuclear inclusion bodies
Ulcerative, fibrinous, hemorrhagic laryngitis
How to confirm diagnosis? IHC
This is a dorsal view of the larynx of a horse.
Below is the epiglottis, artenoid cartilage (pointy)
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What are we looking at?
What is the MgDx?
Etiologic Dx?
Etiologic Agent?
- Looking at the inside of the larynx of a steer.
- Ulcerative, fibrinous laryngitis?
- Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
- Bovine herpesvirus 1
Horse
Dorsal larynx
layngeal muscles (carcoid; an abductor muscle –> produces roaring sound)–> Unilateral
atrophy
MgDx –> Unilateral Laryngeal muscle atrophy.
Condition: Laryngeal hemiplegia
- Peripheral neuropathy affecting the left recurrent laryngeal nerve.
Degeneration of nerve =
neuropathy
Tissues from a pig
This is a pneumonia (inflammatory process infecting the lungs)
Lesions are scattered throughout the lungs, which is compatible with an embolic type of pneumonia. Enters lungs through inhalation or hematogenously (blood).
Etiologic Agent: Bacteria (typically produce embolic pneumonia); nodular lesions surrounded by a dark rim.
Tissue from a steer
MgDx: Fibrino-necrotic pneumonia
These areas of the lungs would be consolidated, more congested, heavy. The caudal portion of the lungs are normal.
Etiologic Agent: Mannhemia hemolytica
Etiologic Dx: Shipping fever
DDx: Histophila somni will occasionally produce a fibrinous pneumonia.
How to differentiate? Mannhemia is more necrotic than hisotphilus somni (specifically coagulative necrosis).
Fibrino-suppurative necrotizing pneumonia
Why? B/c see consolidation in the cranial portion of the lungs.
Entered via hematogenous route ? Entered into bronchi via breathing.
A lot of fibrin on the surface. Will probably find a lot of fibrin in the costal pleura as well.
This is tissue from a pig.
Description: Multifocal to locally extensive slightly raised areas of discoloration.
MgDx: Hemorrhagic necrotizing pneumonia (there is a little bit of fibrin, but not as much)
Etiologic Dx: Porcine caudal pneumonia
Etiologic agent: Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia
This is a tissue from a foal
Areas of hemorrhage that appear to be linear due to foreign body ingestion. But in this case, it is aspiration; This foal died from aspiration pneumonia
Tissues from a young horse.
MgDx?
Multifocal pyogranulomatous pneumonia (in foals, whenever you see in the lungs any kind of suppurative
MgDx?
MgDx: Multifocal pyogranulomatous pneumonia
Etiologic Dx: Rhodococcus equi pneumonia
Congenital pulmonary actiletisis
Could have been due to dystocia
MgDx?
MgDx: Interstitial pneumonia
- Can also see rib impressions
- These changes can be subtle
Etiologic Dx: PRRS
Etiology: Viral pneumonia
DDx: PCV, influenza,
interstitial and necrotizing pneumonia
microscopically seeing the presence of necrosis in the pulmonary tissue
some areas –> fibrin etc.
Get notes for this
Suppurative exudate in the thorax.
Pyothorax
Lungs are small in size
Fluid compressing lungs = agalactesis
What happened in here?
Multifocal pyogranulomatous pneumonia
Recurrent airway obstruction or heaves in horses.
micrscopically you would see?
Areas of hyperinflation, emphysema.
Primarily confined to the caudal lung lobes and the coloring = darker, a lot of mucous accumulated inside.
characteristic histo: goblet cell metaplasia; you should not see goblet cells in the bronchioles, if you do maybe 1 or 2 are ok but more than that is bad
Atrophic rhinitis
MgDx: Lateral deviation of nasal septum with unilateral asymmetry. Atrophy on both sides but more prominent on left side than on right.
Bordatella bronchiseptica plays a more significant role, but atrophic rhinitis is multifactorial
Pyothorax
Fibrinosuppurative pleuritis/pneumonia (if lungs are involved).
Etiologic Dx:
Mycotic. Why? greenish appearance, moldy looking.
Mycotic air sacculitis
MgDx
Multifocal severe hemorrhagic granulomatous pneumonia
Big thing to consider: Mycobacterium avium –> Avian TB
