CNS Lab Flashcards
Blue - adrenal gland
Orange = kidney
Proliferative lesions in adrenal gland.
Key = Look at the color of the lesion b/c the cortex is pale tan/yellow due to steroid of cells and the medulla is grayish/dark red.
The lesion on the left looks like the medulla. Composed of chromaffin cells because those are the cells that make up the medulla
MDx?
DDx?
Ulcerative, Hemorrhagic
Both adrenal glands are abnormal. Left has a nodule on the medulla and then the right one has a giant mass.
Can not tell if it is proliferative or not. Must look under microscope.
Tumor in adrenal glands secrete cortisol.
Material entered vena cava, somewhat semi-solid. This material is actually an embolis that occurred pre mortem
Narrowing of the chamber
Ventricular hemorrhage
thrombocytoma secreting catecholamines
Arythmia, tachycardia –> hypertrophy and/or systemic hypertension
Two types of cells in thyroid: follicular cells that seceret the thyroid hormones and T cells.
Diffuse bilateral severe or marked follicular hyperplasia
Etiologic Dx: Iodine deficiency
- three other possible causes:
1. iodine excess
2. broccoli, cauliflower, kale have ? compounds that inhibit ? absorption
3. Inherited
**deficiency in the MOTHER; are born with huge thyroids*
Signs of hypothyrodism despite of having an enlarged thyroid
Proliferative
MDx:
Mass in the thyroid gland of a horse.
DDx: proliferative
Most common tumors in ferrets/
cortical tumors
lymphoma
insulinoma
insulinoma
hypoglycemia
Addison’s
1. Iatrogenic - excess levels of glucocorticoids
photo??
Mdx?
Lesions in cortex?
Nodular adrenocortical hyperplasia
tan b/c of steroids produced
incidental finding in horses
MDx?
Name the condition?
Associated lesions?
Alopecia, adrenal gland is larger than the kidney (huge tumor)
Cause: (gonadectomy) of Adrenal cortical tumors in ferrets are very common. Based on size = maglinant
Carcinoma
Adrenal cortical tumors secrete what hormone in dogs? Cortisol
Ferrets? Sex hormones; female = enlarged mammary glands and vulva
Males = high estrogen in males –> feminisation and in prostate the lesion is squamous metaplasia
Terratoma
3 causes of cushings:
1. iatrogenic (most common)
2. pituitary tumor
3. adrenal tumor
Gastric Lesions:
NSAIDs
Mast Cell Tumor
Liver
Nodular hyperplasia
Functional, meaning they are secreting T3 and T4
Saddle thrombus
MDx?
2 possible causes?
Associated lesions?
Hyperparathyroidism
Decreased bone density - fibrous osteodrystrophy (bones get soft, spontaneous fractures
Adrenal gland
Cortex
pale, tan
?
