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Reproduction > Pathology of the Male Genital Tract > Flashcards

Pathology of the Male Genital Tract Flashcards

1
Q

What neoplasms are associated with the scrotum?

A 
Varicose haemangioma (dog and boar)
MCT (dog)
Haemangiosarcomas (dog)
Papilloma (dog)
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2
Q

What is the tunica vaginalis?

A

Thin layer of mesothelium around the testis continuous with the peritoneum

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3
Q

What conditions can affect the tunica vaginalis?

A

Hydrocoele
Periorchitis
Tumours are rare
Adhesions from epididymitis

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4
Q

What is male pseudohermaphroditism?

A

External female genitalia with testes occupying the normal position of the ovaries

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5
Q

What sex organs does a true hermaphrodite have?

A

One testis and one ovary

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6
Q

What is cryptorchidism? How does it present?

A

Testis retained between the kidney and inguinal canal
Usually unilateral
Testis tends to be small and fibrotic
These testes have increased risk of tumour formation

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7
Q

What might cause testicular hypoplasia?

A

Congential or pre-pubertal

Nutritional, Zn deficiency or endocrine abnormalities

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8
Q

What are the causes of testicular atrophy?

A 
Increased scrotal temp
Decreased blood supply
Vit A/Zn deficiency 
Drug reactions
Radiation
Obstruction
Hyperoestrogenism
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9
Q

What are the causes of orchitis?

A

Haematogenous - Brucella abortis in bulls

Trauma

Reflux orchitis
Steps, staph and coliforms

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10
Q

What can orchitis lead to?

A

Sterility

Spermatic granuloma formation

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11
Q

Describe epididymitis…

A

Mainly ascending infections from accessory sex glands and urogenital tract
Initial enlargement followed by abscess and granuloma
Mostly unilateral
Some degree of testicular atrophy
Mixed infections - staphs, streps, coliforms

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12
Q

What are the causes of infectious epididymitis in rams?

A

Brucella ovis - NOTIFIABLE
Actinobacillus seminis
Histophilus somni
E coli

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13
Q

In what patients are leydig tumours most common?

A

Older dogs over 8 years

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14
Q

What is the gross appearance of a leydig cell tumour?

A 
Single or multiple
1-2cm
Spherical
Well demarcated
Tan/orange or haemorrhagic
Bulge on cut surface
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15
Q

What is the microscopical appearance of a leydig cell tumour?

A

Polyhedral cells packed in small groups by fine fibrous stroma

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16
Q

In what patients are sertoli cell tumours most common?

A

> 6yo

50% in cryptorchid testes

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17
Q

Describe the gross appearance of a sertoli cell tumour…

A 
Unilateral
Firm lobulated
White to brown colour
Fibrous
May contain cysts
18
Q

What is the microscopical appearance of sertoli cell tumours?

A

Sertoli cells multilayered within tubules
Invading interstitial tissue
Abundant fibrous tissue

19
Q

What other effects can sertoli cell tumours have on the patient?

A

Metastasis to local LNs

25% secrete oestrogen -> feminisation

20
Q

What signs of feminism are brought about by sertoli cell tumours and hyperoestogenism?

A 
Female distribution of fat
Attractive to male dogs
Mammary swelling
Symmetrical allopecia
Skin thinning
Atrophy of the other testis
Squamous metaplasia of prostate
Behavioural changes
\+ Lack of libido
\+ Lethargy
\+ Aggression
Anaemia due to bone marrow depression
21
Q

What is the macro and microscopic appearance of a seminoma?

A

Macro:
Soft cream mass
Bulges on cut surface

Micro:
Sheets of polyhedral cells
Large nuclei
Frequent mitosis

22
Q

What is a teratoma? What species does it affect?

A

Tumour of primordial germ cells. Large mixture of tissue types (skin, bone, teeth, glands, muscle)

Predominantly affecting young horses

23
Q

In what patients does prostate hyperplasia occur? What sign might be present?

A

Older entire dogs (6+)

Constipation or urinary stasis

24
Q

What is the treatment for prostate hyperplasia?

A

Castration leading to atrophy

25
Q

What is prostate metaplasia?

A

Change of glandular epithelium to squamous occurring in dogs with sertoli cell tumours or associated with oestrogenic implants and phyoestrogen ingestion in LAs

26
Q

What is prostatitis?

A

Often an ascending infection due to staphs, streps and coliforms that invade the urethra

Grossly the gland is enlarged asymmetrically and may abscess

Can lead to peritonitis/toxaemia

27
Q

What are the clinical signs of prostate neoplasia? In what patients are these seen?

A

Cachezia, urinary stasis, locomotor issues

Dogs aged 10+

28
Q

What is the prognosis of prostate neoplasia?

A

Guarded. High rate of metastasis

29
Q

What are the 4 common venereal transmitted diseases?

A
  1. Tritrichomonas foetus
  2. Campylobacter foetus spp venerealis
  3. Herpesvirus
  4. Papillomavirus
30
Q

List common non-inflammatory diseases of the penis and prepuce

A

Hypoplasia
Persistent frenula
Haematomas
Paraphimosis

31
Q

What is paraphimosis?

A

Inability to retract penis into prepuce

32
Q

List the common inflammatory diseases of the penis and prepuce..

A

Balanitis
Prosthitis
Blanoprosthitis
Herpesvirus

33
Q

What is the common bacterial infection of the penis and prepuce in the sheep?

A

Pizzle rot (Corynebacterim renale)

34
Q

What is pizzle rot?

A

A bacterial infection causing ulcerative prosthitis caused by Corynebacterium renale

35
Q

What are the clinical signs of pizzle rot?

A

Hypoplasia of penis/prepuce
Urinary soiling
Yellow discolouration and ulceration on the anterodorsal prepuce

36
Q

What parasitic infection are common in the penis and prepuce?

A

Trypanosomiasis

Cutaneous habronemiasis

37
Q

Describe SCC of the penis and prepuce..

A

Most important in the horse
Associated with equine papillomavirus type II
Creates cauliflower like lesions of various sizes

38
Q

Describe fibropapilloma of the penis

A

Affecting the glans penis of 1-2yo bulls

Benign but may be large

Caused by papillomavirus type I

39
Q

What is fibropapilloma of the penis in a bull caused be?

A

Papillomavirus type I

40
Q

What is the treatment for fibropapilloma in the bull?

A

Usually regress with age, however must consider 2’ infections or penile obstruction

Reproduction (22 decks)

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