Pathology of the Male Genital Tract Flashcards
(40 cards)
What neoplasms are associated with the scrotum?
Varicose haemangioma (dog and boar) MCT (dog) Haemangiosarcomas (dog) Papilloma (dog)
What is the tunica vaginalis?
Thin layer of mesothelium around the testis continuous with the peritoneum
What conditions can affect the tunica vaginalis?
Hydrocoele
Periorchitis
Tumours are rare
Adhesions from epididymitis
What is male pseudohermaphroditism?
External female genitalia with testes occupying the normal position of the ovaries
What sex organs does a true hermaphrodite have?
One testis and one ovary
What is cryptorchidism? How does it present?
Testis retained between the kidney and inguinal canal
Usually unilateral
Testis tends to be small and fibrotic
These testes have increased risk of tumour formation
What might cause testicular hypoplasia?
Congential or pre-pubertal
Nutritional, Zn deficiency or endocrine abnormalities
What are the causes of testicular atrophy?
Increased scrotal temp Decreased blood supply Vit A/Zn deficiency Drug reactions Radiation Obstruction Hyperoestrogenism
What are the causes of orchitis?
Haematogenous - Brucella abortis in bulls
Trauma
Reflux orchitis
Steps, staph and coliforms
What can orchitis lead to?
Sterility
Spermatic granuloma formation
Describe epididymitis…
Mainly ascending infections from accessory sex glands and urogenital tract
Initial enlargement followed by abscess and granuloma
Mostly unilateral
Some degree of testicular atrophy
Mixed infections - staphs, streps, coliforms
What are the causes of infectious epididymitis in rams?
Brucella ovis - NOTIFIABLE
Actinobacillus seminis
Histophilus somni
E coli
In what patients are leydig tumours most common?
Older dogs over 8 years
What is the gross appearance of a leydig cell tumour?
Single or multiple 1-2cm Spherical Well demarcated Tan/orange or haemorrhagic Bulge on cut surface
What is the microscopical appearance of a leydig cell tumour?
Polyhedral cells packed in small groups by fine fibrous stroma
In what patients are sertoli cell tumours most common?
> 6yo
50% in cryptorchid testes
Describe the gross appearance of a sertoli cell tumour…
Unilateral Firm lobulated White to brown colour Fibrous May contain cysts
What is the microscopical appearance of sertoli cell tumours?
Sertoli cells multilayered within tubules
Invading interstitial tissue
Abundant fibrous tissue
What other effects can sertoli cell tumours have on the patient?
Metastasis to local LNs
25% secrete oestrogen -> feminisation
What signs of feminism are brought about by sertoli cell tumours and hyperoestogenism?
Female distribution of fat Attractive to male dogs Mammary swelling Symmetrical allopecia Skin thinning Atrophy of the other testis Squamous metaplasia of prostate Behavioural changes \+ Lack of libido \+ Lethargy \+ Aggression Anaemia due to bone marrow depression
What is the macro and microscopic appearance of a seminoma?
Macro:
Soft cream mass
Bulges on cut surface
Micro:
Sheets of polyhedral cells
Large nuclei
Frequent mitosis
What is a teratoma? What species does it affect?
Tumour of primordial germ cells. Large mixture of tissue types (skin, bone, teeth, glands, muscle)
Predominantly affecting young horses
In what patients does prostate hyperplasia occur? What sign might be present?
Older entire dogs (6+)
Constipation or urinary stasis
What is the treatment for prostate hyperplasia?
Castration leading to atrophy
