Bacterial Infections of the Pregnant Uterus Flashcards
What are the consequences of infection of the reproductive tract in female and males?
Female:
- Endometritis
- Metritis
- Infertility
- Abortion
Males:
- Prostatitis
- Orchitis
What are the 3 sources of infection of the reproductive tract?
- Venereal e.g. CEM
- Endogenous infection e.g. S zooepidemicus
- Environmental e.g. B licheniformis
What bacteria are associated with infections of the reproductive tract?
Beta-haemolytic strep Leptospira interrogans Salmonella dublin and spp. Listeria monocytogenes Chlamydophila abortus Campylobacter fetus venerealis Campylobacter fetus fetus E coli Klebsiella pneumoniae Bacillus licheniformis Taylorella equigenitalis Brucella abprtos Mycoplasma spp.
What fungi are associated with infection of the reproductive tract?
Aspergillus
Mucor
Others…
What are the major bacteria pathogens causing bovine abortion?
Leptospira hardjo Salmonella dublin Bacillus licheniformis Brucella abortis Mycoplasma
What does Leptospira hardjo causes? What is the reservoir? How do we diagnose?
Bovine abortion, infertility and milk loss
Reservoir: cattle and sheep co-grazing/water/introduction of new animals/shared bull
Diagnose: paired serology
What type of pathogen is Bacillus licheniformis and what does it cause?
Spore forming areobic, gram +ve rod
Sporadic abortion - from the environment so opportunisitic
Where is Brucella abortus present?
Eradicated in the UK
Present in Ireland and Europe
Persistent in parts of the world
What does Brucella abortis cause?
Zoonotic - undulant fever in humans
Chronic infections: granulomatous lesions
Migration to placenta
Placentitis causes abortion
What stain do we use for Brucella abortis?
Koster’s stain
What type of bacterial is Brucella abortis?
Delicate gram -ve coccobaccilus
What type of bacteria is Salmonella dublin and what stain do we used?
Group D salmonella
Invasive, bloodborne invasion of placenta
XLD medium
What is bovine infectious infertility?
Caused by Campylobacter fetus venerealis
On MM and prepuce of mature bull as lifelong asymptomatic infection
Infection of the cow causes catarrhal inflammation of the genital tract
This causes endometritis and inflammation
How do we detect bovine infectious infertility?
Campylobacter venerealis
MM and prepuce of mature bull
Detect by culture:
Sheath washing or products of abortion
What is bovine endometritis?
Inflammation of the uterine mucosa
What causes non-specific postpartum endometritis in the cow? What can the infection continue to become?
Trueperella pyogenes
E coli
Enterococcus faecalis
Anaerobes
Bovine pyometra
What are the main bacterial pathogens causing ovine abortion?
Chlamydophila abortus Campylobacter series Toxoplasma species Salmonella species Listeria spp. Salmonella dubline Coxiella spp. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
What type of pathogen is Chlamydophila abortus? What does it cause?
Enzootic abortion in sheep Obligate intracellular pathogen Persistent infection Late pregnancy abortion in ewes Subsequent fertility NOT imparied
What is the reservoir for Chlamydophila abortus? What detection and prevention is there?
Sheep infection, faeces, birds
Venereal or oral transmission
Antigen detection by ELISA or Koster’s stain
Vaccination prevents new cases by does not clear established infection
What is Koster’s stain?
Modified ZN
Weak carbol fuschin followed by 5% acetic acid then methylene blue
How do Chlamydophila appear in Kosters’ stain?
Red against blue
How does Campylobacter fetus fetus cause abortion in sheep?
10% of ovine abortions (sporadic)
Resrvoir:
- GI
- Ingestion
- Invasion
- Blood
- Bacteraemia
- Placenta
- Abortion
What causes pyometra and endometritis in canines?
Coliforms (E. coli)
Strep canis, zooepidemicus
What causes prostatitis in canines?
E. coli
Proteus
Staph and strep
Mycoplasma felis
What bacteria causes abortion in mares?
Strep zooepidemicus
What is CEM?
Contagious equine metritis
Caused by Taylorella equigenitalis
Acute, contagious venereal disease
(Metritis, cervicitis, discharge)
What bacteria causes metritis in mares?
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
