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Reproduction > Clinical Disease of the Male Reproductive Tract in Small Animals > Flashcards

Clinical Disease of the Male Reproductive Tract in Small Animals Flashcards

1
Q

What are the common male problems that owners consult the vet about?

A 
Neutering
Behavioural modification
Testicles missing
Testicles of different sizes
Penis sticking out
Penile mass
Preputial discharge
Difficulty defecating
Systemic illness
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2
Q

Where may an undescended testicle be?

A

Abdomen
Inguinal
Prescrotal

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3
Q

What are the causes and risks associated with cryptorchidism?

A
  1. Sex linked autosomal recessive trait

Risks: Torsion and neoplasia

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4
Q

What is the treatment for cryptorchidism?

A

Castration

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5
Q

You examine a dog with testicles of different sizes. Give some causes, how you would diagnosis and what treatment you’d advise…

A
  1. Causes:
    - Neoplasia
    - Orchitis/epididymitis
    - Torsion
  2. Diagnosis:
    - History and CE
    - US
    - Aspiration/biopsy
  3. Treatment:
    - Castration
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6
Q

What are the most common tumours affecting the testes?

A

Seminoma
Leydig cell
Sertoli cell

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7
Q

Describe the testicular tumours….

A

Leydig - Testosterone producing
Sertoli - Oestrogen producing
Seminomas - Rarely feminising

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8
Q

What are the clinical signs or orchitis and epididymitis?

A 
Usually occur together
Epididymal enlargement
Testicular pain
Tenseness and scrotal oedema
Abscess
Systemic illness
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9
Q

How may orchitis/epididymitis occur? What is the treatment?

A

Infections originating from the urinary tract or haematogenously.

Treat - castration

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10
Q

Testicular torsion

  1. types of testicles common in
  2. presenting signs
  3. treatment
A
  1. Retained testicles
  2. variable and confused with of systems e.g. vomiting
  3. castration
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11
Q

Differential diagnosis for a protruding penis…

A

Paraphimosis
Paripism
Trauma

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12
Q

What is paraphimosis?

A

Non-erect penis protrudes from the prepuce and cannot be retracted or retained in it’s normal position

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13
Q

What may paraphimosis result from?

A 
Narrowed prepuce orifice
Penile enlargement
Failure of penis to stay in prepuce
\+ Short prepuce
\+ Weak muscles
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14
Q

What is the treatment for paraphimosis?

A

Symptomatic
Surgical enlargement of preputial opening
Phallopexy
Partial penile amputation

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15
Q

What is priapism?

A

Persistent erection of >4hours not associated with sexual excitement

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16
Q

What is priapism associated with?

A

Trauma
Perineal abscess
Neurological disease

17
Q

Differentiation of priapism by clinical signs

A

Ischaemiac

Non-ischaemic

18
Q

Diagnosis and treatment of priapism…

A

Diagnosis
US
Blood gas analysis of aspirated blood

Treatment:
Buster collar, analgesia, topical treatment
Aspiration via surgical incision
Amputation

19
Q

What are the differential diagnosis for penile masses in SAs?

A

Inflammatory disease
Neoplasia
Urethral prolapse

20
Q

Give examples of penile tumour types…

A 
SCC
Papilloma
Lymphoma
Adenocarcinoma
MCT
Osteosarc of ospenis
Crhondrosarc of ospenis
21
Q

Why do penile injuries occur in small animals?

A 
Secondary to mating
Fence jumping
Dog/cat fites
TRA
Iatrogenic in surgery
22
Q

What is hypospadias?

A

Developmental abnormality of the male external genitalia by failure of fusion of urogenital fold and incomplete formation of penile urethra

23
Q

What is a persistent frenulum?

A

When the penis and prepuce do not separate after puberty

24
Q

What is phimosis? Treatment?

A

Inability to protrude penis from prepuce

Tx: treat underlying causes (inflamm) or surgical enlargement

25
Q

What amount of preputial discharge is normal in the dog?

A

Slight creamy preputial discharge in normal mature dog

26
Q

What is abnormal preputial discharge?

A

Sever/blood tinged discharge should be investigated

27
Q

What does dyschezia often indicate in the male dog?

A

Prostatic enlargement

28
Q

What are important causes of prostatic disease in the dog?

A

Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Prostatitis/abscess
Prostatic cysts
Neoplasia

29
Q

Describe benign prostatic hyperplasia…

A

Most common prostatic disorder in entire male dogs. Testosterone depended which results in uniform prostatic enlargement and thus
+ Dyschezia
+ Dysuria

30
Q

How do you diagnose and treat BPH?

A

Diagnosis:
PE
US
Biopsy

Tx:
Castration
Anti-androgens
Synthetic progestagen
GnRH analogue
Faecal softeners
31
Q

Describe prostatits/prostatic abscessation

A

Infections common in the entire dog associated with UTI but may arise from haematogenous spread.

CS:
Purulent urethral discharge
Systemic illness
PUPD
Pain
V/D
32
Q

How would you diagnose prostatitis/prostatic abscessation?

A 
PE:
Rectal painful
US/DI
Aspiration
Clin path
33
Q

Describe prostatic neoplasia

a. Tumour types
b. Benign or malignant
c. Clinical signs

A

Occur in castrated males

Adenocarcinomas of TCC

Tend to be invasive and malignant

CS:
Weight loss
Pain
Hindlimb lameness/oedena
Dyschezia/dysuria
34
Q

What is the diagnosis and treatment for prostatic neoplasia?

A 
Diagnosis - incisional biopsy
Prognosis poor
Treat:
Usually palliative
Urethral sten
Cystostomy tube
NSAIDs
Sterioids

Reproduction (22 decks)

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