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Year 2 Gastrointestinal > Pathology of the liver II > Flashcards

Pathology of the liver II Flashcards

1
Q

what are the DNAs of the hepatitis viruses? what is the exception?

A

ssRNA

exception - hepatitis B - dsDNA

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2
Q

which hepatitis viruses will present asymptomatically with recovery and serological evidence only?

A

A, B, C, D co, E

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3
Q

which hepatitis viruses will present symptomatically with recovery and serological evidence only?

A

A, B, C, D co, E

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4
Q

which hepatitis viruses will present as chronic hepatitis with or without progression to cirrhosis?

A

B, C mostly, D superinfection

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5
Q

which hepatitis viruses will present as fulminant hepatitis with massive to submassive hepatic necrosis?

A

D co and super, E pregnant

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6
Q

what is the most common form of viral hepatitis?

A

A

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7
Q

what is the transmission for hepatitis A?

A

fecal oral

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8
Q

is there a carrier or chronic state for hepatitis A?

A

no

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9
Q

which hepatitis virus is the most common cause of cirrhosis ad hepatocarcinoma worldwide?

A

hepatitis B

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10
Q

what are the transmission routes for hepatitis B?

A

parenteral
sexual
vertical

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11
Q

what is the immunopathogenesis of chronic hepatitis B?

A

CD4 T cells
CD8 T cells

CD8 cytotoxic cells kill hepatocytes

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12
Q

what are the extrahepatic mainfestations of HBV?

A

glumerulonephritis - children

polyarteritis nodosa - adults

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13
Q

what is required for HDV to replicate?

A

HBsAg

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14
Q

what is superinfection?

A

surface carrier for hepatitis B

IgG forms to B, then IgM forms to D

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15
Q

what is the most common chronic liver disease?

A

hepatitis C

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16
Q

what are the transmission routes for hepatitis C?

A

parenteral
sexual
vertical

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17
Q

what are the extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C?

A

cryoglobulinemia
thyroiditis
glomerulonephritis
thrombocytopenia

18
Q

when does ALT peak for hepatitis E infection?

A

5-7 weeks

19
Q

when are symptoms seen in hepatitis E infection? with what serum markers do they correlate?

A

5-8 weeks

ALT, IgM anti HEV, IgG anti HEV

20
Q

hepatitis E is usually a benign condition unless you are in which demographic?

A

pregnant

21
Q

what test is used to evaluate for viral hepatitis?

A

liver biopsy

22
Q

what is a councilman body?

A

apoptotic hepatocytes (acidophilic)

23
Q

in which condition are councilman bodies seen?

A

acute viral hepatitis

24
Q

piecemeal necrosis is seen in what type of hepatitis?

A

chronic

25
Q

ground glass hepatocytes are seen in what type of hepatitis? why?

A

B

loaded with viral particles and surface antigens

26
Q

lymphoid aggregates are seen in what type of hepatitis?

A

C

27
Q

viral hepatitis cirrhosis is what type of cirrhosis?

A

macronodular

28
Q

what are the immunologic diseases affecting the liver?

A

primary biliary cirrhosis
primary sclerosing cholangitis
autoimmune hepatitis

29
Q

primary biliary cirrhosis is characterized by what features?

A

granulomas affecting smaller bile ducts in portal tract

30
Q

primary biliary cirrhosis is positive for what liver antibody?

A

antimitochondrial

31
Q

presence of antimitochondrial antibodies indicates infection of what disorder?

A

primary biliary cirrhosis

32
Q

what is the presentation for primary biliary cirrhosis?

A 
female 
fatigue 
itching 
jaundice 
steatorrhea 
osteomalacia 
xanthomas
33
Q

what are the lab values for primary biliary cirrhosis?

A

increased

AMA 
anti-M2 
IgM 
5-NT / GGT 
cholesterol
34
Q

what will be seen histologically in primary biliary cirrhosis?

A

macrophages and granulomas (multinucleated giant cells)

35
Q

what characterizes phase 2 of primary biliary cirrhosis?

A

cholestasis

36
Q

primary sclerosing cholangitis is associated with what IBD?

A

ulcerative colitis

37
Q

what is the presentation for primary sclerosing cholangitis?

A

male
itching
weight loss
abdominal pain

38
Q

what are the lab values seen in primary sclerosing cholangitis?

A

increased

AP 
GGT 
5-NT 
ALT/AST 
ANA, anti-SMAb 
pANCA
39
Q

what test is used to evaluate for primary sclerosing cholangitis?

A

endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERCP)

40
Q

primary sclerosing cholangitis patients are more at risk for development of what type of cancer?

A

cholangiocarcinoma

41
Q

what is autoimmune hepatitis?

A

patient’s own immune systems attacks liver causing inflammation and liver cell death

42
Q

which antibodies are seen in autoimmune hepatitis?

A

anti-LKM1, IgG

Year 2 Gastrointestinal (38 decks)

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