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Systemic Pathology I > Pathology of the Female Reproductive System - Part 2 > Flashcards

Pathology of the Female Reproductive System - Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Cow placenta

A
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2
Q

Horse placenta

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3
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Dog placenta

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4
Q

Human placenta

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5
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A
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6
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A
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7
Q

_____________ placental structure

A

Ruminant
Cotyledons + Caruncles = Placentomes

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8
Q
A

Normal placenta of ruminants

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9
Q
A

Bottom box: endometrium would be here?

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10
Q

Fetal Anomalies (“Monsters”)

A
  • Amorphus globosus
  • Schistosomus reflexus
  • Anasarca
  • Meningocele/Meningoencephalocele
  • Arthrogryposis
  • Cyclopia/Holoprosencephaly
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11
Q

What condition be seen in the image below?

  • __________ mass of __________ tissue and ____ ___________ viable organs, covered with skin
  • When a _________ does not develop correctly
A

Amorphus globosus
* Spherical mass of connective tissue and fat without viable organs, covered with skin
* When a twin does not develop correctly

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12
Q

What condition is seen in the image below?
* Spinal ___________, exposure of the __________ viscera because of a fissure of the ________ _________ wall and limb ___________.

A

Schistosomus reflexus
* Spinal inversion, exposure of the abdominal viscera because of a fissure of the ventral
abdominal wall and limb ankylosis

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13
Q
A

Anasarca

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14
Q
A

Meningocele or Meningoencephalocele
* Abnormal sac of fluid that extends through a defect in the skull (or vertebrae), if contains
only meninges MENINGOCELE, if contains meninges and brain MENINGOENCEPHALOCELE

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15
Q
A

Arthrogryposis
* Multiple joint contractures (stiffness)

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16
Q

What condition can be seen in the image below?
* Failure of the embryonic ______________ to properly divide

A

Holoprosencephaly and Cyclopia
* Failure of the embryonic prosencephalon to properly divide

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17
Q
A

Umbilical Torsion
* This happen most often in horses when the umbilical cord is longer than 84 cm
(normal is 35 - 81 cm)
* A true torsion will have 10-20 twists and have areas of edema and congestion

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18
Q

Fetal Death
* Mummification
– __________ of a ____ fetus in utero
– Bacterial infection __________ be present
* Maceration
– Fetal death in presence of in utero ______ infection and __________
– ____________ and loss of ___ tissue in utero

A

Desiccation, dead, CANNOT, bacterial, inflammation, Liquefaction, soft

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19
Q
A

Mummification

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20
Q
A

Fetal death - maceration

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21
Q
  • Resorption: ____ embryonic loss usually due to __________ abnormalities (severe anomalies are not compatible with ________ or __________).
A

Early, chromosomal, attachment, implantation

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22
Q
  • Abortion: Expulsion of a fetus ____ to the time of expected viability.
A

prior

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23
Q
  • Stillborn: A ___ fetus delivered ____ the period of expected viability.
A

dead, within

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24
Q

SMEDI in Pigs
* S = Stillborn
* M = Mummy
* E = Embryonic
* D = Death
* I = Infertility
* Parvovirus, PRRS, Enteroviruses, Pseudorabies, PCV-2, Leptospira spp.

A
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25
Q
A

Twins in horses

26
Q

Bacterial infections

A
  • Placentitis
  • Pneumonia
  • Hepatitis
27
Q
A

Brucella spp., Coxiella burnetii and Chlamydia abortus

28
Q
A

Brucella spp., Coxiella burnetii and Chlamydia abortus

29
Q
A

Brucella spp., Coxiella burnetii and Chlamydia abortus

30
Q
A

Campylobacter fetus in ovine

31
Q
A

Listeria monocytogenes in bovine

32
Q
A

Fibrinous pleuritis caused by Brucella abortus

33
Q
A

Ascending placentitis in mares
* Bacterial or fungal infection that enters via the vagina and
breaches the cervical barrier

34
Q

What can be seen below? Caused by?

A

Ascending placentitis in mares
Caused by? SEPSKA
* Streptococcus spp., E.coli, Pseudomonas, S. aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, A. equuli
* Aspergillus fumigatus

35
Q

Mycotic Placentitis
* __________ __________
* _________ (Absidia, Mortiella, Rhizopus)
* ___________ in cattle (Respiratory or Rumen infection) or ascending in mares
* Characteristic ________ lesions in the fetus

A

Aspergillus fumigatus, Zygomycetes, Hematogenous, cutaneous

36
Q
A
37
Q
A

Mycotic Placentitis
* Aspergillus fumigatus
* Zygomycetes (Absidia, Mortiella, Rhizopus)
* Hematogenous in Cattle (Respiratory or rumen infection), ascending in Mares
* Characteristic cutaneous lesions in the fetus

38
Q

Protozoal infections
* Neospora caninum: No ____ lesions. Histo lesions: ?
* Toxoplasma gondii: Foci of ______ in the ______ are characteristic.
* Other: ?

A

gross, Brain, heart, skeletal muscle.

necrosis, cotyledons

Sarcocystis spp., Tritrichomonas foetus.

39
Q
A
  • Toxoplasma gondii in small ruminants
40
Q
A

Equid herpesvirus 1

41
Q
A

Bovine herpesvirus 1

42
Q

Viral infections
* Usually no _____ placental lesions
* ________ and _____________
* Malformations (?)

A

gross, Hepatitis, pneumonia, arthrogryposis, cerebellar hypoplasia, etc..

43
Q

Mare Reproductive Loss Syndrome
Proposed mechanisms for abortion associated with MRLS include:
(1) penetration of the ____________ wall by ___________ hairs resulting in _____________ and localization in the ______ or
(2) a ______ in the ____________ hair that is detrimental to the fetus or placenta.

A

gastrointestinal, caterpillar, bacteremia, fetus, toxin, caterpillar

44
Q
A

Funisitis

45
Q

Non-lesions in the Placenta
* Amniotic ________ (squamous __________)
* Endometrial ____ in mares
* _______ in mares

A

plaques, metaplasia, cups, Hippomane

46
Q
A

Amniotic plaques (squamous metaplasia)

47
Q

What condition is seen below?

A

Endometrial cups - Mares

  • Endometrium of the pregnant horn
    between approximately 38 days and
    150 of gestation
  • Secretes chorionic gonadotropin
    (stimulates CL to develop)
  • Regresses start at 70 days of
    gestation
48
Q
A

HIPPOMANE

49
Q

A diagnostic approach to abortions
* Samples to submit:
- _____ from the dam and some of the ___ (at time of _____ and samples __ to __ weeks later)
- Send in the whole ____/______ and let the ___ do it (best)
- Do necropsy ______ and send in samples
*Tissues for bacterial culture
- ?
- Place tissues in separate sterile bags and place on ice (do not ______)
*Tissues for viral isolation/PCR
- ?
- Place tissues in separate sterile bags and place on ice (can be ____)
* Tissues for histopathology
- _____
Even after all of that work you will probably diagnose less than 60% of the cases abortion you investigate

A

Serum, herd, abortion, 3, 4, fetus, placenta, lab, yourself

Placenta, Abomasal contents, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, others

freeze

Lung, liver, spleen

frozen

Everything

50
Q
A

Vesiculoulcerative (or pustular) vulvovaginitis
Equine Herpesvirus 3 (Equine coital exanthema)

51
Q
A

Vesiculoulcerative (or pustular) vulvovaginitis
Bovine Herpesvirus 1 (Infectious pustular
vulvovaginitis)

52
Q

What condition can be seen below?
Response to ____________
* ______ _____ diseases
* _______ secreting tumors
* __________ (Zearalenone produced by Fusarium sp.)

A

Vulvar swelling
Response to estrogens
* Cystic follicular diseases
* Estrogen secreting tumors
* Mycotoxins (Zearalenone
produced by Fusarium sp.)

53
Q

Vagina and vulva
* Neoplasia
- Leiomyoma
- TVT
- Squamous cell carcinoma

A
54
Q
A

Vaginal leiomyoma
* DDx: Vaginal Polyps
* Usually incidental findings

55
Q
A

TVT

56
Q

Vulvar ________ cell _________
* ____ light-induced
* ____-pigmented skin
* Old _____ cows

A

Vulvar Squamous cell carcinoma
* UV light-induced
* Non-pigmented skin
* Old dairy cows

57
Q

Mammary tumors
* Related to ________ influence
* Benign (_______) / Malignant (________)
– 50/50 (in _____), (in cats is usually _______)
* Simple (________ only), Complex (________+ _________), Mixed ( _________ + _____ tissue [cartilage, bone])
* Complex grading system
* If malignant: go check ___ and local ___

A

hormonal, adenoma, carcinoma, dogs, malignant
epithelium, epithelium, myoepithelium, epithelium, mesenchymal

Lung, LN

58
Q

Canine Inflammatory Mammary Gland Carcinoma
* (4) of the mammary glands, often resembling ________.
* However, there is no inflammation _______
* Numerous dilated lymphatic vessels that are filled with luminal clusters of metastatic
tumor cells
* Most _________ type of mammary gland tumor diagnosed in dogs and carries a poor prognosis.

A

Swelling, redness, heat, and edema, mastitis, histologically, malignant

59
Q
A

Canine Inflammatory Mammary Gland Carcinoma

60
Q

Feline Mammary Fibroadenomatous Hyperplasia
* _______, non-_________ proliferation of mammary ____ and ______ tissue of young
intact female cats (<__ yrs old), pregnant ___, or prolonged _________ therapy
* Regression following _________ or termination of ______ or ________ therapy
* ___ or ___ mammary glands markedly enlarged

A

Benign, neoplastic, ducts, connective, 2, cats, progesterone, ovariohysterectomy, pregnancy, progesterone, One, all

61
Q
A

Feline Mammary Fibroadenomatous Hyperplasia

62
Q
A

Feline Mammary Fibroadenomatous Hyperplasia

Systemic Pathology I (27 decks)

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