Pathology of the Female Reproductive System - Part 2 Flashcards
Cow placenta
Horse placenta
Dog placenta
Human placenta
_____________ placental structure
Ruminant
Cotyledons + Caruncles = Placentomes
Normal placenta of ruminants
Bottom box: endometrium would be here?
Fetal Anomalies (“Monsters”)
- Amorphus globosus
- Schistosomus reflexus
- Anasarca
- Meningocele/Meningoencephalocele
- Arthrogryposis
- Cyclopia/Holoprosencephaly
What condition be seen in the image below?
- __________ mass of __________ tissue and ____ ___________ viable organs, covered with skin
- When a _________ does not develop correctly
Amorphus globosus
* Spherical mass of connective tissue and fat without viable organs, covered with skin
* When a twin does not develop correctly
What condition is seen in the image below?
* Spinal ___________, exposure of the __________ viscera because of a fissure of the ________ _________ wall and limb ___________.
Schistosomus reflexus
* Spinal inversion, exposure of the abdominal viscera because of a fissure of the ventral
abdominal wall and limb ankylosis
Anasarca
Meningocele or Meningoencephalocele
* Abnormal sac of fluid that extends through a defect in the skull (or vertebrae), if contains
only meninges MENINGOCELE, if contains meninges and brain MENINGOENCEPHALOCELE
Arthrogryposis
* Multiple joint contractures (stiffness)
What condition can be seen in the image below?
* Failure of the embryonic ______________ to properly divide
Holoprosencephaly and Cyclopia
* Failure of the embryonic prosencephalon to properly divide
Umbilical Torsion
* This happen most often in horses when the umbilical cord is longer than 84 cm
(normal is 35 - 81 cm)
* A true torsion will have 10-20 twists and have areas of edema and congestion
Fetal Death
* Mummification
– __________ of a ____ fetus in utero
– Bacterial infection __________ be present
* Maceration
– Fetal death in presence of in utero ______ infection and __________
– ____________ and loss of ___ tissue in utero
Desiccation, dead, CANNOT, bacterial, inflammation, Liquefaction, soft
Mummification
Fetal death - maceration
- Resorption: ____ embryonic loss usually due to __________ abnormalities (severe anomalies are not compatible with ________ or __________).
Early, chromosomal, attachment, implantation
- Abortion: Expulsion of a fetus ____ to the time of expected viability.
prior
- Stillborn: A ___ fetus delivered ____ the period of expected viability.
dead, within
SMEDI in Pigs
* S = Stillborn
* M = Mummy
* E = Embryonic
* D = Death
* I = Infertility
* Parvovirus, PRRS, Enteroviruses, Pseudorabies, PCV-2, Leptospira spp.
Twins in horses
Bacterial infections
- Placentitis
- Pneumonia
- Hepatitis
Brucella spp., Coxiella burnetii and Chlamydia abortus
Brucella spp., Coxiella burnetii and Chlamydia abortus
Brucella spp., Coxiella burnetii and Chlamydia abortus
Campylobacter fetus in ovine
Listeria monocytogenes in bovine
Fibrinous pleuritis caused by Brucella abortus
Ascending placentitis in mares
* Bacterial or fungal infection that enters via the vagina and
breaches the cervical barrier
What can be seen below? Caused by?
Ascending placentitis in mares
Caused by? SEPSKA
* Streptococcus spp., E.coli, Pseudomonas, S. aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, A. equuli
* Aspergillus fumigatus
Mycotic Placentitis
* __________ __________
* _________ (Absidia, Mortiella, Rhizopus)
* ___________ in cattle (Respiratory or Rumen infection) or ascending in mares
* Characteristic ________ lesions in the fetus
Aspergillus fumigatus, Zygomycetes, Hematogenous, cutaneous
Mycotic Placentitis
* Aspergillus fumigatus
* Zygomycetes (Absidia, Mortiella, Rhizopus)
* Hematogenous in Cattle (Respiratory or rumen infection), ascending in Mares
* Characteristic cutaneous lesions in the fetus
Protozoal infections
* Neospora caninum: No ____ lesions. Histo lesions: ?
* Toxoplasma gondii: Foci of ______ in the ______ are characteristic.
* Other: ?
gross, Brain, heart, skeletal muscle.
necrosis, cotyledons
Sarcocystis spp., Tritrichomonas foetus.
- Toxoplasma gondii in small ruminants
Equid herpesvirus 1
Bovine herpesvirus 1
Viral infections
* Usually no _____ placental lesions
* ________ and _____________
* Malformations (?)
gross, Hepatitis, pneumonia, arthrogryposis, cerebellar hypoplasia, etc..
Mare Reproductive Loss Syndrome
Proposed mechanisms for abortion associated with MRLS include:
(1) penetration of the ____________ wall by ___________ hairs resulting in _____________ and localization in the ______ or
(2) a ______ in the ____________ hair that is detrimental to the fetus or placenta.
gastrointestinal, caterpillar, bacteremia, fetus, toxin, caterpillar
Funisitis
Non-lesions in the Placenta
* Amniotic ________ (squamous __________)
* Endometrial ____ in mares
* _______ in mares
plaques, metaplasia, cups, Hippomane
Amniotic plaques (squamous metaplasia)
What condition is seen below?
Endometrial cups - Mares
- Endometrium of the pregnant horn
between approximately 38 days and
150 of gestation - Secretes chorionic gonadotropin
(stimulates CL to develop) - Regresses start at 70 days of
gestation
HIPPOMANE
A diagnostic approach to abortions
* Samples to submit:
- _____ from the dam and some of the ___ (at time of _____ and samples __ to __ weeks later)
- Send in the whole ____/______ and let the ___ do it (best)
- Do necropsy ______ and send in samples
*Tissues for bacterial culture
- ?
- Place tissues in separate sterile bags and place on ice (do not ______)
*Tissues for viral isolation/PCR
- ?
- Place tissues in separate sterile bags and place on ice (can be ____)
* Tissues for histopathology
- _____
Even after all of that work you will probably diagnose less than 60% of the cases abortion you investigate
Serum, herd, abortion, 3, 4, fetus, placenta, lab, yourself
Placenta, Abomasal contents, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, others
freeze
Lung, liver, spleen
frozen
Everything
Vesiculoulcerative (or pustular) vulvovaginitis
Equine Herpesvirus 3 (Equine coital exanthema)
Vesiculoulcerative (or pustular) vulvovaginitis
Bovine Herpesvirus 1 (Infectious pustular
vulvovaginitis)
What condition can be seen below?
Response to ____________
* ______ _____ diseases
* _______ secreting tumors
* __________ (Zearalenone produced by Fusarium sp.)
Vulvar swelling
Response to estrogens
* Cystic follicular diseases
* Estrogen secreting tumors
* Mycotoxins (Zearalenone
produced by Fusarium sp.)
Vagina and vulva
* Neoplasia
- Leiomyoma
- TVT
- Squamous cell carcinoma
Vaginal leiomyoma
* DDx: Vaginal Polyps
* Usually incidental findings
TVT
Vulvar ________ cell _________
* ____ light-induced
* ____-pigmented skin
* Old _____ cows
Vulvar Squamous cell carcinoma
* UV light-induced
* Non-pigmented skin
* Old dairy cows
Mammary tumors
* Related to ________ influence
* Benign (_______) / Malignant (________)
– 50/50 (in _____), (in cats is usually _______)
* Simple (________ only), Complex (________+ _________), Mixed ( _________ + _____ tissue [cartilage, bone])
* Complex grading system
* If malignant: go check ___ and local ___
hormonal, adenoma, carcinoma, dogs, malignant
epithelium, epithelium, myoepithelium, epithelium, mesenchymal
Lung, LN
Canine Inflammatory Mammary Gland Carcinoma
* (4) of the mammary glands, often resembling ________.
* However, there is no inflammation _______
* Numerous dilated lymphatic vessels that are filled with luminal clusters of metastatic
tumor cells
* Most _________ type of mammary gland tumor diagnosed in dogs and carries a poor prognosis.
Swelling, redness, heat, and edema, mastitis, histologically, malignant
Canine Inflammatory Mammary Gland Carcinoma
Feline Mammary Fibroadenomatous Hyperplasia
* _______, non-_________ proliferation of mammary ____ and ______ tissue of young
intact female cats (<__ yrs old), pregnant ___, or prolonged _________ therapy
* Regression following _________ or termination of ______ or ________ therapy
* ___ or ___ mammary glands markedly enlarged
Benign, neoplastic, ducts, connective, 2, cats, progesterone, ovariohysterectomy, pregnancy, progesterone, One, all
Feline Mammary Fibroadenomatous Hyperplasia
Feline Mammary Fibroadenomatous Hyperplasia
