Pathology of Rashes Flashcards
Which type of dermatitis has a strong connection with coeliac disease?
Dermatitis herpetiformis
Pemphigus vulgaris is ____ mediated
Pemphigus vulgaris is IgG mediated
Pemphigus vulgaris is an autoimmune condition
True or false?
True
After taking a skin sample in a patient with rosacea, what is often seen under microscopy?
Demodex folliculorum mites
(in the pilosebaceous units)
In which situation may bellous pemphigoid mimic pemphigus vulgaris?
Older lesions of bullous pemphigoid heal and re-epithelialise making the lesions look as if they have involved the epidermis
Which type of pemphigus is the most common?
Pemphigus vulgaris
How does pemphigus vulgaris often begin?
Mouth blisters
How can pemphigus foliaceus be differentiated from pemphigus vulgaris?
Mouth blistering does not occur
Which type of pemphigus is described by:
“Thick painful lesions develop in the groin and axilla region”?
Pemphigus vegetans
Which type of pemphigus is described by:
“Blistering usually begins on the face and scalp which progresses to the chest and back. Blisters are not sore, but itchy. The skin is host to numerous moist scales and there are no mouth ulcers”
Pemphigus foliaceus
What is the least harmful variant of pemphigus?
IgA pemphigus
IgA pemphigus is most visually similar to which other form of pemphigus?
Pemphigus foliaceus
Which type of pemphigus is very rare and associated with people suffering from cancer?
Paraneoplastic pemphigus
What are potential signs and symptoms for paraneoplastic pemphigus?
- Mouth and lip sores
- Lesions on the eye and eyelid lining
- Skin blistering
- Serious lung issues
It is a very challenging condition to diagnose
Which features are associated with Rosacea?
- Recurrent facial flushing
- Telangiectasia
- Pustules
- Thickening of the skin
- Rhinophyma
Rosacea is more common in which gender?
Females
Where are blisters usually present within the skin in a patient with bullous pemphigoid?
Basement membrane of the epidermis
Which factors can aggravate rosacea?
- Hot/spicy food
- Exercise
- Emotion
- Alcohol
- Sunlight
Which term refers to the persistance of nuclei within the keratin layer?
Parakeratosis
What is the process behind the development of pemphigus vulgaris?
- IgG antibodies form to desmoglein 3
- Desmosomal attachments are destroyed as immune complexes form and complement/proteases are released
- Blisters form
- Acantholysis occurs - the loss of intercellular connections
Spongiotic oedema is characteristic of which condition?
Eczema
In psoriasis, new lesions form at sites of trauma, what is the term given to describe this?
Koebner phenomenon
What do immunobullous diseases involve?
Formation of vesicles and bullae
What is the epidermal basement membrane composed of?
Laminin and collagen type IV
Why does acne affect adolescents worse than other age groups?
- Androgens increase the size of sebaceous glands
- Sebum production increases
Which factor is common to all type of pemphigus
Acantholysis
Which type of collagen is bundled in the reticular dermis?
Type 1
What is the hallmark of dermatitis herpetiformis?
Papillary dermal microabscesses
In which way do melanocytes look distinctive?
Cells with a pale halo
Which type of people does pemphigus characteristally affect?
Ashkenazi Jewish origin
Which type of people does bullous pemphigoid characteristically affect?
Elderly
Bullous pemphigoid heals without scarring
True or false?
True
What is shown around the basement membrane upon fluoresence in a patient with bullous pemphigoid?
IgG and complement
Which genes are associated with a higher risk of dermatitis herpetiformis?
- HLA-DQ2
- HLA-DQ8
What is targerted by the immune system in dermatitis herpetiformis?
Epidermal transglutaminase
(found in dermal capillaries, basal cells of the epidermis)
Which condition involves IgG antibodies reacting with antigen within hemidesmosomes, complement activation and tissue damage?
Bullous pemphigoid
What causes dermatitis herpetiformis?
IgA deposition in the dermis
Irregular sawtooth acanthosis is characteristic of which condition?
Lichen planus
Which term(s) can describe an irregular thickening of the epithelium?
- Acanthosis
- Papillomatosis
Which sign is described by:
“Punctate bleeding spots where the scales are scraped off in psoriasis”
Auspitz sign
What mediates lichen planus?
T cells
Where does lichen planus most commonly affect?
- Ankles
- Wrists
- Mouth
- Back
- Legs
- Genitalia
How may the lesions in lichen planus be described?
- Itchy
- Flat-topped
- Red/purple in colour
- Shiny
What is the term given to:
“A fine surface network of white lines or dots”
And in which condition is it seen?
Wickham’s striae
Lichen planus
How can the irritation experienced by lichen planus be treated?
Topical steroids (fairly potent)
(lichen planus is a self-limiting condition)
Where are melanocytes found in the skin?
Dermo-epidermal junction
What is spongiosis?
Oedema between cells in the epidermis
Which condition is associated with Munro’s microabscesses?
Psoriasis
(collections of neutrophils attracted from the papillary dermis to the keratin layer by complement release)
Which type of dermis houses the appendage structures?
Reticular dermis
Which clinical signs are characteristic of psoriasis?
- Auspitz sign
- Munro’s microabscesses
- Rete pegs fusion
Lichenoid disorders are characterised by damage in which location in the skin?
Basal epidermis
