Pathology of Colorectal Carcinoma Flashcards
Define a polyp
A protrusion above the epithelial surface
is a polyp benign or malignant
Can be beitehr
All adenomas possess dysplasia what dies this mean
It has disordered growth and the potential to become malignant
If an adenoma is found what is the next step
it must be removed preferably endoscopically if not surgically
There are different genetic origins for what type of adenomas
Serrated and inherited
If an adenoma becomes malignant what term is given
adenocarcinoma
What is used to stage adenocarcinomas
Duke’s criteria
Duke A
Confined to muscularis propria
Dukes B
extends through muscularis propria
Dukes C
Metastatic to lymph nodes
Local invasion of colorectal carcinoma
Mesorectum
Peritoneum
Other organs
Lymphatic spread of colorectal carcinoma
Mesenteric nodes
haematogenous spread of colorectal adenocarcinoma
Liver
distant sites
Name 2 inherited colorectal cancer syndromes
familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP)
Hereditary Non Polyposis Colu (HNPC)
Number of polyps assoc with FAP
> 100 polyps
Number of polyps assoc with HNPC
<100 polyps
What has an early onset FAP or HNPC
FAP
Is FAP or HNPC inflammatory assoc
HNPC
Are FAP and HNPC autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive
Autosomal dominant
What is the location of FAP
Throughout the colon
What is the location of HNPC
Right sided tumours
What cancers are HNPC assoc with
Endometrial and gastric cancer
FAP is due to a defect in
tumour suppressor
HNPC is due to a defect in
DNA mismatch repair
FAP is assoc with a mutation in
the FAP gene
HNPC is assoc with a mutation in
MLH1
MLH2
PMS1
MSH6
