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GI > Pathology of Colorectal Carcinoma > Flashcards

Pathology of Colorectal Carcinoma Flashcards

1
Q

Define a polyp

A

A protrusion above the epithelial surface

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2
Q

is a polyp benign or malignant

A

Can be beitehr

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3
Q

All adenomas possess dysplasia what dies this mean

A

It has disordered growth and the potential to become malignant

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4
Q

If an adenoma is found what is the next step

A

it must be removed preferably endoscopically if not surgically

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5
Q

There are different genetic origins for what type of adenomas

A

Serrated and inherited

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6
Q

If an adenoma becomes malignant what term is given

A

adenocarcinoma

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7
Q

What is used to stage adenocarcinomas

A

Duke’s criteria

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8
Q

Duke A

A

Confined to muscularis propria

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9
Q

Dukes B

A

extends through muscularis propria

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10
Q

Dukes C

A

Metastatic to lymph nodes

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11
Q

Local invasion of colorectal carcinoma

A

Mesorectum
Peritoneum
Other organs

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12
Q

Lymphatic spread of colorectal carcinoma

A

Mesenteric nodes

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13
Q

haematogenous spread of colorectal adenocarcinoma

A

Liver

distant sites

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14
Q

Name 2 inherited colorectal cancer syndromes

A

familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP)

Hereditary Non Polyposis Colu (HNPC)

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15
Q

Number of polyps assoc with FAP

A

> 100 polyps

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16
Q

Number of polyps assoc with HNPC

A

<100 polyps

17
Q

What has an early onset FAP or HNPC

A

FAP

18
Q

Is FAP or HNPC inflammatory assoc

A

HNPC

19
Q

Are FAP and HNPC autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive

A

Autosomal dominant

20
Q

What is the location of FAP

A

Throughout the colon

21
Q

What is the location of HNPC

A

Right sided tumours

22
Q

What cancers are HNPC assoc with

A

Endometrial and gastric cancer

23
Q

FAP is due to a defect in

A

tumour suppressor

24
Q

HNPC is due to a defect in

A

DNA mismatch repair

25
Q

FAP is assoc with a mutation in

A

the FAP gene

26
Q

HNPC is assoc with a mutation in

A

MLH1
MLH2
PMS1
MSH6

GI (25 decks)

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