Benign Colonic Conditions Flashcards
What is diverticular disease
Mucosal herniation through muscle coast
In the western world where does diverticular disease most commonly effect
Sigmoid colon
What is a cause of diverticular disease
Low fibre intake
Diverticulosis vs divertoculitis
Diverticulosis - outpouchings
Diverticulitis - inflammation of outpouchings
How is diverticular disease dignosed
Clinical
Barium enema
Sigmoidoscopy
What are clinical features of diverticular diseases
LIF pain/ tendereness
Septic
Altered bowel habbits
Complications of diverticular disease
Pericoloc abscess perforation harmorrhage Fistula Stricture
What classification is used for diverticular disease
Hinchey classification for acute
Complex Diverticulitis procedures
Percutaneous drainage
Hartmann’s procedure
laprascopic lavage and drainage
primary resection/ anastamosis
Causes of colitis
Crohn’s colitis
Ulcerative colitis
ischaemic colitis
Infective colitis
Symptoms of acute and chronic colitis
Diarrhoea +/- blood Abdo cramps Dehydration Sepsis Wt loss, anaemia
Diagnosis of acute and chronic colitis
Plain X- Rau
Sigmoidoscopy + biopsy
Stool cultures
barium enema
Treatment of UC/ Crohn’s
IV fluids
GI rest
Iv steroids - once infection/ ischaemic causes are ruled out
If UC/ Crohn’s fails to settle what do you do
Rescue therapy
Surgery
Who is effected by ischaemic colitis
Eldery
What is the pathophysiology of ischaemic colitis
Acute or chronic occlusion of the inferior mesenteric artery
Arteriopaths
What is colonic angiodysplasia
Malformed dilated intestinal blood vessels on the mucosa and submucosa
How do you diagnose colonic angiodysplasua
Angiography
Colonoscopy
How do you treat colonic angiodysplasia
Embolisation
Endoscopic ablation
Surgical resection
What are the causes of large. bowel obstriction
Volvulus
Colorectal cancer
benign stricture
treatment of large bowel obstruction
Resuscitate
Stenting
Operation
What is a sigmoid volvulus
Bowel twists on mesentery
May become gangrenous
How do you diagnose sigmoid volbulus
Plain X ray abdo
Rectal contrast
How do you treat sigmoid volvulus
Flatus tube
Surgery
What is a pseudo obstruction
Not a real obstruction but can cause hypoxia in the elderly
How do you treat most chronic constipations
Dietary and laxatives
What are some causes of chronic constipation
Motility disorders
How do you treat faecal impaction
Strong analgesics
eNemas
Laxatives
Manual evacuations
