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SS- CMOD Block 2 > Pathology: autoimmunity > Flashcards

Pathology: autoimmunity Flashcards

1
Q

B7.1 & B7.2

A

co-stimulatory molecules for T cells on APC

up regulated during infection

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2
Q

CD28

A

T cell

binds B7 to activate T cell

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3
Q

CTLA-4

A

cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4
binds to B7 more strongly than CD28
prevents B7 from activating T cell

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4
Q

ipilimumab

A

Ab that blocks CTLA-4

treat tumors that use CTLA-4 to avoid immune system

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5
Q

PD-1

A

programmed death-1
binds B7 and prevents activation of T cell
some tumors and viruses

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6
Q

pembrolizumab

A

Ab that blocks PD-1

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7
Q

nivolumab

A

Ab that blocks PD-1

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8
Q

anti-dsDNA

A

autoantibody in SLE

formation of immune complexes

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9
Q

anti-Smith

A

autoantibody in SLE

formation of immune complexes

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10
Q

Anti-RNP U1

A

autoantibody against RNA polymerase
associated with SLE and mixed connective tissue disease
formation of immune complexes

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11
Q

Anti-SS-A (Ro)

A

autoantibody in Sjogren syndrome, SLE, and rheumatic diseases

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12
Q

Anti-SS-B (La)

A

autoantibody in Sjogren and SLE

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13
Q

Anti-Scl-70

A

autoantibody against DNA topoisomerase I

systemic sclerosis

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14
Q

Anti-histones

A

autoantibody in SLE

formation of immune complexes

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15
Q

Anti-centromere

A

autoantibody in limited scleroderma, systemic sclerosis, and CREST syndrome

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16
Q

Anti-phospholipid

A

autoantibody in antiphospholipid syndrome and SLE

thrombotic episodes

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17
Q

Anti-Jo1

A

autoantibody against histidyl tRNA ligase

inflammatory myopathies

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18
Q

Anti-mitochondrial

A

autoantibody in primary biliary cirrhosis

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19
Q

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic

A

autoantibody in various vasculitides

20
Q

Anti-eTg

A

autoantibody in herpetiformis

21
Q

ANA

A

autoantibody against nuclear components
associated with SLE
deficiency of C1q, C2 or C4 can impair clearance of apoptotic cells and nucleic acid fragments predisposes to SLE

22
Q

HLA-B27

A

predisposition for ankylosing spondylitis

23
Q

ankylosing spondylitis

A

destroys articular cartilage of sacroiliac joins and apophyseal joints between spinal tuberosities and processes: bony fusion of joints
Sym: lower back pain and spinal stiffness in middle age

24
Q

PTPN22 polymorphisms

A

tyrosine phosphatase
excessive activation of lymphocytes
associated with RA and T1DM

25
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

autoimmune attack on small joints of hands and feet, especially MCP and MTP

26
Q

CD25

A

IL-2 receptor

27
Q

polymorphisms in alpha chain of IL-2 and IL-7 receptor

A

associated with Multiple Sclerosis

dysfunction of Treg cells

28
Q

multiple sclerosis

A

autoimmune attack on myelin

neurological symptoms

29
Q

anti-CCP

A

autoantibody agains cyclic citrullinated peptide

associated with RA

30
Q

anti-U3 RNP

A

autoantibody against RNA polymerase

associated with systemic sclerosis

31
Q

anti-myleoperoxidase

A

perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic (P-ANCA)

associated with microscopic polyangiitis, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg Strauss)

32
Q

anti-proteinase-3

A

diffuse cytoplasmic anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic (C-ANCA)

associated with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegner’s)

33
Q

cyclosporine

A

calcineurin inhibitor
nephrotoxicity can be confused with kidney rejection: isometric vacuolization of tubular epithelial cell cytoplasm, tubular calcifications, giant mitochondria

34
Q

tacrolimus

A

binds FK506

calcineurin inhibitor

35
Q

MOA calcineurin inhibitors

A

bind immunophilins that then inhibit the phosphatase calcneurin
calcneurin promotes secretion of TNF, IFN-gamma, IL-2, and IL-4

36
Q

mycophenolate nofetil

A

inhibits IMP dehydorgenase in guanine synthesis

inhibits lymphocyte proliferation

37
Q

azathioprine

A

purine analogue that inhibits DNA replication

38
Q

hydroxychloroquine

A

anti-inflammatory

39
Q

TNF-alpha inhibitors

A
  1. infliximab
  2. etanercept
  3. adalimumab
40
Q

Belimumab

A

Ab to B cell activating factor

41
Q

rituximab

A

Ab inhibits CD20 on B cell

42
Q

tocilizumab

A

Ab inhibits IL-6

43
Q

alemtuzumab

A

Ab to CD52

44
Q

C4d

A

complement C4 degradation

deposited in peri-tubular capillaries in some cases of kidney transplant rejection

45
Q

BK virus

A

polyomavirus

in kidney transplant: intranuclear inclusion bodies and epithelial cell injury and lysis

46
Q

PTLD

A

post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder
can become a lymphoma
associated with EBV

SS- CMOD Block 2 (16 decks)

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