Environmental Disease Flashcards
iron deficiency
hypochromic microcytic anemia
lead toxicity
heme toxicity and neurotoxicity
Low concentrations:
ADULTS: short-term memory loss, difficulty concentrating, anxiety, phobias, irritability, depression, hostility
CHILDREN: cognitive impairment, behavior problems, decreased verbal ability, hearing loss, irritability, lethargy, fatigue, myalgia, vomiting and anemia
High concentrations:
CHILDREN: colicky abdominal pain, arthralgia, renal insufficiency, constipation, tremor, headache, intellectual disability, seizures, coma, death
ADULTS: peripheral neuropathy, myalgia, arthralgia, diffuse severe abdominal pain, constipation, renal insufficiency, anemia, headache, anorexia, decreased libido
hypochromic microcytic anemia
high protoporphyrin
basophilic stippling
acetylaldehyde
intermediate metabolite of alcohol produced by alcohol dehydrogenase causing hangover
induces lipid peroxidation and acetylaldehyde-protein adduct formation, which may disrupt cytoskeleton and membrane function
arsenic poisoning
garlic breath
nerve damage, skin damage (hyperkeratosis, pigment changes), circulatory problems
Increased cancer risk: lung, kidney, bladder
nicotine
increases HR, BP, cardiac contractility, CO
decreases severity of ulcerative colitis
cotinine
metabolite of nicotine
detectable in saliva, urine, and blood several days after smoking (level proportional to amount smoked)
disulfram
inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase
alcohol
depletes NAD
affects cytoskeleton organization, mitochondrial function, and membrane fluidity
carbon monoxide poisoning
binds to hemoglobin 200 times better than oxygen
cherry red
CNS depression
20-30% hemoglobin bound: headache, exertional dyspnea
60-70% hemoglobin bound: coma and death
high levels of mercury in pregnancy
cerebral palsy, deafness, and blindness
cadmium toxicity
obstructive lung disease and kidney damage
mallory-dank bodies
tangled cytoskeleton cytokeratin intermediate filaments
