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SS- CMOD Block 2 > Autonomics > Flashcards

Autonomics Flashcards

1
Q

List of neurons Ach acts on

A
  1. ALL pre-ganglionic neurons
  2. ALL parasympathetic post-ganglionic
  3. sympathetic post ganglionic to sweat gland
  4. ONLY one neuron to adrenal medulla ->NE and Epi
  5. voluntary motor
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2
Q

List of neurons NE acts on

A

post-ganglionic sympathetics

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3
Q

Pre-ganglionic parasympathetic neurons act on what type of receptor?

A

nicotinic

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4
Q

Pre-ganglionic sympathetic neurons act on what type of receptor?

A

nicotinic

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5
Q

Post-ganglionic parasympathetic neurons act on what type of receptor?

A

muscarinic

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6
Q

Post ganglionic sympathetic neurons act on what type of receptor?

A

alpha and beta

EXCEPTION: sweat glands have muscarinic receptor

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7
Q

SNS effects on heart

A

B1, B2: increase SA, pacemaker, contractility

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8
Q

PNS effects on heart

A

M2: decrease SA node, atrial contractility

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9
Q

SNS effects on vasculature

A

alpha: constrict skin, splanchnic
B2: relax skeletal musle

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10
Q

PNS effects on vasculature

A

NONE in humans

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11
Q

SNS effects on GI tract

A

alpha2, B2: relax wall

alpha1: contract sphincter
alpha2: decrease secretion

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12
Q

PNS effects on GI tract

A

M3: contract wall, relax sphincter, increase secretion

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13
Q

SNS effects on bronchial smooth muscle

A

B2: relax

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14
Q

PNS effects on bronchial smooth muscle

A

M3: contract

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15
Q

SNS effects on GU tract

A

B2: detrussor muscle relax

alpha1: sphincter contract
alpha: ejaculation

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16
Q

PNS effects on GU tract

A

M2: detrussor contracts, sphincter relaxes
M: erection

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17
Q

SNS effects on skin

A

alpha: apocrine (stress) sweat

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18
Q

PNS effects on skin

A

M: thermaregulatory sweat

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19
Q

SNS metabolic effects

A

alpha, B2: increase glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis

B1: increase renin release

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20
Q

PNS metabolic effects

21
Q

phenylephrine

A

alpha agonist
Tx: hypotension, nasal congestion
AE: elevated BP, reflex bradycardia, urinary retention

22
Q

phentolamine

A

alpha 1 and 2 antagonist
Tx: dermal necrosis, HTN, BPH, Raynaud’s syndrome
AE: reflex tachycardia, weakness, dizziness, flushing, orthostatic hypotension, nasal congestion

23
Q

prazosin

A

alpha 1 antagonist
Tx: dermal necrosis, HTN, BPH, Raynaud’s syndrome
AE: reflex tachycardia, weakness, dizziness, flushing, orthostatic hypotension, nasal congestion

24
Q

isoproterenol

A

B1 and B2 agonist
Tx: bradycardia, cardiac arrest, AV block
Serious AE: ventricular arrhythmia, tachyarrhythmia, HTN, pulmonary edema
Common AE: tachycardia, angina, dizziness, flushing, orthostatic hypotension, nasal congestion

25
Q

dobutamine

A

B1 agonist
Tx: bradycardia, cardiac arrest, AV block
Serious AE: ventricular arrhythmia, tachyarrhythmia, HTN, pulmonary edema
Common AE: tachycardia, angina, dizziness, flushing, orthostatic hypotension, nasal congestion

26
Q

albuterol

A

B2 agonist

27
Q

atenolol

A

B1 antagonist
Tx: angina, HTN
SAE: CHF, ventricular arrhythmia, severe bradycardia, MI if abrupt D/C, Raynaud’s syndrome, bronchospasm
CAE: bradycardia, orthostatic hypotension, dyspnea, bronchospasm, cold extremities

28
Q

propranolol

A

B1 and B2
Tx: angina, HTN
SAE: CHF, ventricular arrhythmia, severe bradycardia, MI if abrupt D/C, Raynaud’s syndrome, bronchospasm
CAE: bradycardia, orthostatic hypotension, dyspnea, bronchospasm, cold extremities

29
Q

norepinephrine

A

alpha1, alpha2, B1 agonist
SAE: severe HTN, bradycardia, asthma exacerbation, extrvasational necrosis, bronchospasm, cold extremities, dyspnea
*low dose: alpha>beta

30
Q

epinephrine

A

alpha1, alpha2, B1, B2 agonist

SAE: severe HTN, cerebral hemorrhage, arrhythmia, tissue necrosis (IM, SC), diaphoresis

31
Q

baroreceptors

A

sense change in BP and will cause a rebound effect to try to get back to set point

  1. give drug to treat HTN -> decrease BP -> baroreceptor -> reflex tachycardia
  2. give drug for hypotension -> increase BP -> baroreceptor -> reflex bradycardia
32
Q

tamsulosin

A

alpha1 agonist

Tx: anaejaculation

33
Q

bethanechol

A

M agonist
Tx: urinary retention, ileus
SAE: bronchospasm, hypotension, tachycardia
CAE: urinary urgency, vasomotor response, diarrhea, diaphoresis

34
Q

atropine

A

M antagonist
Tx: bradycardia, aspiration prophylaxis, block cardio-vagal responses
SAE: bradycardia, heatstroke, tachycardia
CAE: xerostomia (dry mouth), constipation, dry hot skin

35
Q

Autonomic regulation of the eye

A

DOMINANT tone: PNS
iris radial contraction: alpha 1
iris circular contraction: M3
ciliary muscle contraction: M3

36
Q

Definition and induction of mydriasis

A

dilation of the eye

Induction: atropine, scopolamine, epinephrine, phenylephrine

37
Q

Definition and induction of miosis

A

contraction of the eye

Induction: acetylcholine chloride, carbachol, pilocarpine

38
Q

Glaucoma Tx

A

metipranolol, timolol

to reduce aqueous humor production

39
Q

Organs with predominantly parasympathetic tone

A
  1. heart
  2. iris
  3. ciliary muscle
  4. GI tract
  5. smooth muscle
  6. bladder
  7. salivary glands
  8. lacrimal glands
40
Q

Organs with predominantly sympathetic tone

A
  1. arteries
  2. veins
  3. sweat glands
41
Q

B1

A
  1. Heart: increase SA, pacemaker, contractility

2. renin release

42
Q

B2

A
  1. Heart: increase SA, pacemaker, contractility
  2. vasodilation (skeletal muscle)
  3. decrease peristalsis
  4. bronchodilation
  5. relax detrussor
  6. increase glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis
43
Q

alpha 1 and alpha 2

A
  1. vasoconstriction to skin and splanchnic
  2. ejaculation
  3. apocrine sweat
  4. increase glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis
44
Q

alpha 1

A
  1. sphincters contract

vasoconstriction to skin and splanchnic, ejaculation, apocrine sweat, increase glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis

45
Q

alpha 2

A
  1. decrease peristalsis and secretion

vasoconstriction to skin and splanchnic, ejaculation, apocrine sweat, increase glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis

46
Q

M2

A
  1. decrease SA node, contractility
  2. contract detrussor and relax bladder sphincter
    (erection, thermoregulatory sweat)
47
Q

M3

A
  1. increase peristalsis and secretions, relax GI sphincter
  2. contract bronchioles
    (erection, thermoregulatory sweat)
48
Q

M

A
  1. erection

2. thermoregulatory sweat

SS- CMOD Block 2 (16 decks)

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