Pathology Flashcards
epithelia lining nasal vestibule
squamous epithelia
epithelia lining nose/sinus
respiratory
histology of salivary glands
serous cells that stain dark and contain amylase
mucinous cells that stain light and contain glycoproteins
bacterial causes of AOM
haemohpilus influenzae
moraxella catarrhalis
strep pneumoniae
bacterial causes of chronic otitis media
pseudomonas
staph aureus
fungal
where do cholesteatomas exactly occur
superior posterior middle ear, petrous apex
can lead to chronic otitis media leading to perforated tympanic membrane
majority of ear cancers?
SCC
other cancers of the ear besides SCC?
ceruminous adenoma/adenocarcinoma
meningioma
middle ear adenoma
vestibular schwannoma
bilateral vestibular schwannoma in a young patient is indicative of?
NF2
viral causes sinusitis?
echovirus
rhinovirus
adenovirus
causes of nasal polyps
CF in young
allergy, infection, asthma,, aspirin sensitivity, nickel allergy
Antibody for GPA?
cANCA
benign tumours of nasal cavity?
squamous cell papilloma
sinonasal pappiloma
angiofibroma
malignant tumours of nose
SCC
nasopharyngeal carcinoma
neuroblastoma
lymphoma
types of sinonasal papilloma
inverted, exophytic, oncocytic
where are inverted and oncocytic sinonasal papilloma found
lateral walls and paranasal sinus
where is exophytic sinonasal papilloma found
nasal septum
causes of sinonasal papilloma and age group
HPV, organic solvents
>50
causes of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and is it associated woith keratinising or non keratinising type
volatile nitrousamines and EBV
non keratinising
how does EBV lead to lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma
promotes B cell survival and prevents apoptosis
VGEF stimulation
can activate oncogenes
laryngeal polyps causes and where are they found
popyps are unilateral nodules are in younger women and are middle 1/3 to post 1/3 vocal cord vocal abute smoking infection
what is squamous cell papilloma of the oropharynx associated with
type 6 and 11 HPV
risk factors for SCC of head and neck
smoking
HPV
alcohol
how does HPV lead to potential cancer
E6 and E7 cause p53 and Rb pathways to be disrupted leading to cell immortality
who is pleomorphic adenoma more common in and what are the features
females and in 3rd-6th decade
hx slow enlarging lesion
parotid
what is warthins tumour associated with
smoking
men >50
parotid gland
most common worldwide salivary gland cancer and association
mucoepidermoid carcinoma
parotid
MECT1-MAML2
most common UK salivary gland cancer and association
adenoid cystic carcinoma
>40 and parotid
invasion facial nerve
