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MB2 Ear, Nose and Throat > Head and neck cancer > Flashcards

Head and neck cancer Flashcards

1
Q

risk factors for head and neck cancers

A 
tobacco
alcohol
HPV/EBV 
betel nut 
hardwood
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2
Q

presentation of head and neck cancers

A 
lump in neck 
swelling 
painless lymphadenopathy 
vocal cord change - dysphonia 
dysphagia 
otalgia 
stridor 
odonophagia
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3
Q

most common site for head and neck cancer

A

larynx, oropharynx is becoming more common

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4
Q

what is nasopharyngeal cancer related to

A

EBV

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5
Q

what is laryngeal cancer associated with

A

cigarrettes

alcohol

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6
Q

what is oropharyngeal cancer associated with

A

HPV

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7
Q

typical vs oropharyngeal cancer demographic

A

> 55, smoker and drinker

OP SCC - non smoker, higher SE status and multiple sexual partners

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8
Q

investigation for head and neck cancer

A 
USS/FNA
laryngoscopy, tacheoscopy, oesophagoscopy 
CT H&N, chest 
MRI
PET
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9
Q

management of early laryngeal cancer

A

transoral laser surgery

radiotherapy

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10
Q

management of advanced laryngeal cancer

A

partial/total laryngectomy

chemoradiotherapy

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11
Q

management of early oropharyngeal cancer

A

chemo-radiotherapy

transoral surgery

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12
Q

management of advanced oropharyngeal cancer

A

chemo-radiotherapy

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13
Q

managing cancer in lymph nodes

A

chemoradiotherapy

surgery

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14
Q

management of nasopharyngeal cancer

A

chemo-radiotherapy

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15
Q

investigation in salivary gland mass?

A

USS/FNA

CT, maybe MRI

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16
Q

what is a mass in the parotid gland most likely

A

pleomorphic adenoma

17
Q

where is salivary gland malignancy more likely

A

small glands, sublingual or submandibular glands

18
Q

aims of palliative care

A

increase QOL
greater tx efficacy and survival
manage morbidity
functional outcome

19
Q

when do palliative care get involved

A

diagnosis
treatment
disease free, recurrent, metastatic, end of life

20
Q

why is pain worse in lips, tongue and face

A

higher number of neural connections so can be hard to manage pain

21
Q

first line treatment of neuropathic pain

A

amitriptyline

22
Q

first step on WHO pain ladder

A

non-opioid

adjuvant

23
Q

2nd step WHO pain ladder

A

mild/mod opioid
±non-opioid
± adjuvant

24
Q

3rd step WHO pain ladder

A

opioid for mod/severe pain
±non opioid painkiller
±adjuvant

25
Q

adjuvants for paun

A

gabapentin

amitriptyline

MB2 Ear, Nose and Throat (11 decks)

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