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MB2 Ear, Nose and Throat > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

centor criteria?

A 
fever
tonsillar exudate 
no cough 
tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy 
\+1 if <15 or -1>44
if 2-3 then culture and +ve then abx 
if >3 then abx empirical
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2
Q

management of infectious mononucleosis

A

supportive

systemic steroids if severe

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3
Q

what abx must never be given for infectious mononucleosis

A

Amoxicillin, causes rash

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4
Q

pathogens in acute epiglottitis

A

generally HiB

strep pyogenes, staph aureus, strep pneumoniae

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5
Q

management of acute epiglottitis

A

abx
neb adrenaline and saline
steroids
intubate/ventilate, tracheostomy

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6
Q

transmission of herpex simplex

A

oral-oral
oral-genital
genital-genital
abrasion contacts secretion

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7
Q

pathophysiology of herpes simplex?

A

chronic infection in neural ganglia and reactivates on skin and mucosa
happens due to infected nerve endings that travel to ganglia

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8
Q

features of herpes reactivation and management

A

pain, burning, tingling, pruritus
lesions at vermillion border
treated with gancyclovir

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9
Q

features of primary gingivostomatitis, causative organism and management

A

HSV
systmeic upset, lips, buccal mucosa, hsrd palate have vesicles and ulcers
fever/local lymphadenopathy
managed with ganciclovir

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10
Q

risk factors for HSV recurrence

A

stress
sunlight
fever
immune deficiency

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11
Q

what is herpetic whitlow

A

occupational hazard of dentistry and anaesthetics

use gloves

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12
Q

diagnosis HSV

A

swab of lesiob in medium

DNA by PCR

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13
Q

what is herpangina, causative organism and presentation

A

vesicles and ulcers on hard palate, generally cocksackie

high fever, hyperaemia, yellow/grey papulovesicular lesions

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14
Q

feature of hand, foot, mouth disease, diagbosis and organism

A

cocksackie, maculopapular, macular or vesicular rash of hands and feet
PCR swab by transport medium

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15
Q

recurrence risk factors for apthous ulcers

A 
trauma 
stress
smoking cessation 
hormone imbalance 
diet
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16
Q

how do apthous ulcers appear

A

painful
round or ovoid
inflammatory halo

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17
Q

ulceration associated with systemic disease

A 
inflammatory skin disease 
drugs 
reiters 
IBD 
coeliac 
bechets
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18
Q

common viral cause of acute throat infection

A 
rhinovirus 
coronavirus 
adenovirus 
flu A/B
parainfluenza 
CMV
HSV
Cocksackie 
EBV
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19
Q

common bacterial causes of acute throat infection

A

GAS

strep pneumoniae

20
Q

uncommon organsims causing acute throat infection

A

HIV
gonococcal pharyngitis
diptheria

21
Q

complications of acute sore throat

A

parapharyngeal abscess
quinsy
otitis media
lemierre syndrome

22
Q

when to admit for acute throat infection

A 
stridor 
breathing difficulty 
acute epiglottitis 
kawasaki 
throat cancer
23
Q

non-infectious causes of acute sore throat

A

GORD
Hayfever
chronic smoking

24
Q

general management of acute sore throat

A

GAS - penicillin if score high
analgesia
fluids
lozenge

25
Q

complications of GAS

A

glomerulonephritis

rheumatic fever

26
Q

features of glomerulonephritis caused by GAS?

A

1-3 weeks post sore throat

haematuria, albuminuria, oedeka

27
Q

features of rheumatic fever caused by GAS?

A

3 weeks at leasr

fever, arthritis, pericarditis

28
Q

feverPAIN criteria

A 
fever
purulent tonsils 
attend early <3d 
inflamed tonsils 
no cough 
0/1 is low 
2/3 consider delayed abx 
4/5 prescribe abx
29
Q

symptoms of DMARD sore throat and what to do

A 
withhold DMARD and request FBC 
rash 
oral ulcers 
sore throat 
N&V
diarrhoea 
dry cough 
SOB 
abnnormal bruising
30
Q

what may cause neuropaenia to lead to sore throat

A

HIV, chemo
carbimazole
immunosuppressives

31
Q

organism and features of diphtheria

A 
corynebacterium diptheriae 
malaise 
cervical lymphadenopathy 
fever
erythema 
pseudomembrane
32
Q

complications of diphtheria

A

local neuropathy of palate
cranail neuropathy
peripheral neuritis
renal failure

33
Q

management of diphtheria

A

antitoxin
supportive
penicillin/erythromycin
vaccine

34
Q

features infectious mononucleosis

A 
fever
cervical lymphadenopathy 
sore throat 
malaise 
lethargy 
jaundice/hepatitis 
rash 
leucocytosis 
splenomegaly 
palatal petechiae
35
Q

complications glandular fever

A

splenic rupture
thrombocytopaenia, anaemia
upper airway obstruction
increased risk lymphoma

36
Q

diagnosis of gladular fever

A

EBV IgM
paul-bunnel test or monospot for heterophile Ab
blood count and film
LFTs

37
Q

management of glandular fever

A

bed rest
paracetamol
avoid sport for 6 weeks
steroids in haemolytic anaemia or upper airway obstruction

38
Q

organism, features, treatmetn and risk factors for candidiasis

A

candida albicans
fluconazole/nystatin
white patches on red raw mucous membranes
smokers, endogenous, inhaled steroids

39
Q

common organisms in acute otitis media

A

h influenza
strep pneumoniaw
strep pyogenes

40
Q

management of acute otitis media

A

most dont need abx
first line amox
2nd line erythromycin

41
Q

fungal cause and treatment otitis externa

A

aspergillus
candida
clean ear and antifungal - clotrimazole

42
Q

bacterial cause of otitis externa and management

A 
pseudomonas 
proteus 
staph aureus 
gentamicin 
aural toilet 
swab to micro and prescribe for unresponsive or severe
43
Q

what is malignant otitis externa

A

extension of otitis externa to mastoid or temporal bones

fatal as can cause osteomyelitis and meningeal infection if untreated

44
Q

symptoms of malignant otitis externa

A

pain, headache
granulation tissue at bone cartilage jucntion
facial nerve palsy
exposed bone

45
Q

investigation and risk factors for malignant otitis externa

A

PV/CRP
radiology
biopsy/culture
diabetic, radiotherapy

46
Q

first line for acute sinusitis

A

penicillin V or doxy

47
Q

acute sinusitis that is indicative of bacterial infection presents as?

A

severe pain and tenderness with purulent nasal discharge

MB2 Ear, Nose and Throat (11 decks)

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