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MB2 Ear, Nose and Throat > Audiology, aids and pharm > Flashcards

Audiology, aids and pharm Flashcards

1
Q

types of hearing aid

A

behind ear
in ear
in canal

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2
Q

indication of hearing aid

A

demonstrable hearing loss, may not be picked up on pure tone audiometry so might need some background noise

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3
Q

what is the telecoil loop?

A

induction loop meaning that distortion in magnetic field is picked up and converted to sound in the hearing aid

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4
Q

problems with hearing aid

A

pain/discomfort

no/insufficient sound

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5
Q

what causes pain/discomfort due to hearing aids

A

allergy to material
doesnt fit properly
otitis externa due to ear canal occlusion

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6
Q

what may cause feedback in hearing aid

A

earway
earmould not inserted or not fitting
leak through hole in tube or elbow and being picked up by microphone

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7
Q

assistive devices to use with hearing aids

A

flashing doorbell
flashing smoke alarms
text telephones
phone amplifier

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8
Q

when may a bone anchored hearing aid be used

A

recurrent discharge

absent/stenosed EAM

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9
Q

describe how bone anchored hearing aids are fitted

A

titanium screw is fitted and metal abutment screws into this
hearing aid is attached

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10
Q

what is the indication for vibrant sound bridges

A

cannot wear hearing aids

do not wish to have device in ear

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11
Q

how do vibrant sound bridges work

A

implanted device and external sound processor held in place magnetically
external converts sound to electrical signal that is transmitted to implant and is converted to mechanical vibration carried to inner ear

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12
Q

how do cochlear implants work

A

electrical stimulatino of neural structures in cochlea

profound/severe sensorineural hearing loss

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13
Q

common abx in ear drops

A 
neomycin
gentamicin
polymycin
framycentin 
ciprofloxacin - not licensed
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14
Q

antifungals used in fungal OE

A

clotrimazole, nystatin

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15
Q

general management of OE

A

keep ear out of water
avoid cotton buds
dont wear hearing aids

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16
Q

true/false - for eczematous OE, gentamicin should be added with steroid in cause of infection

A

false - should be steroid alone as gentamicin may cause sensitivity

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17
Q

what may be used in severe OE with oedema

A

pope wick dressing and impregnated with steroid/abx

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18
Q

pinna cellulitis requires topical/systemic abx

A

systemic

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19
Q

how to apply ear drops?

A

turn ear upwards
pull pinna up and back, or straight back in kids
instil drops
press tragus over intriolus to encourage drops to pass down

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20
Q

side effects of ear drops

A

ototoxicity
local sensitivity
dizziness

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21
Q

why can ear drops cause dizziness?

A

lateral semicircular canal may be stimulated if not close to body temp

22
Q

what may cause ototoxicity

A

theoretically, aminoglycosides with perf TM

if infection is bad then the risk to not using is worse than using

23
Q

5 components of beauty?

A 
forehead 
eyes 
nose 
lips 
chin
24
Q

what balance creates beauty

A

divine proportion

25
Q

uses of plastic surgery

A

cosmetic
congenital
tumour excision
trauma

26
Q

what age should otoplasty be used

A

6-11

27
Q

diagnosing need for otoplasty clinically

A

1cm from superior pinna to mastoid
2cm from tragus to mastoid
30 degrees mastoid and helix

28
Q

reasons for protrudting ears

A

underdeveloped antihelix fold
prominent concha
protruding lobe

29
Q

first line for healing process

A

secondary intention

30
Q

true/false - skin grafts cannot directly go onto tendon or bone

A

true

31
Q

when would you use delayed closure of a wound

A

infection

tumour

32
Q

what is the hearing threshold

A

quietest sound a patient can hear across all frequencies

if subject respinds to tone 50% of time it is likely that

33
Q

how is AC threshold assessed

A

insert earphones or headphones

34
Q

how is BC threshold assessed

A

bone conductor

35
Q

normal hearing is categorised as hearing

A

<20dB

36
Q

mild hearing loss is categorised as hearing

A

20-40dB

37
Q

moderate hearing loss is categorised as hearing

A

41-70dB

38
Q

severe hearing loss is categorised as hearing

A

71-95dB

39
Q

profound hearing loss is categorised as hearing

A

> 90dB

40
Q

what is masking

A

when testing the worse ear the better ear may picks up test signals more easily

41
Q

rules of masking

A

needed when when BC is better than AC by >10dB
BC can never be less than AC
masking is needed when BC is >40 (headphones) or >55 (earphones) than non masked AC of other ear
masking needed when peft and right threshold exceed >40dB (headphones) or >55 (earphones)

42
Q

features of sensorineural hearing loss on audiogram

A

BC and AC are the same

43
Q

risk factors for sensorineural hearing loss

A 
increaseing age 
loud sound 
ototoxicity 
infectious disease 
complication at birht 
benign tumours on auditory nerve 
genes
44
Q

cause of mixed hearing loss

A 
genes 
congenital 
infection 
mass 
head injury
45
Q

features of conductive hearing loss on audiogram

A

significant air bone gap in threshold

46
Q

features of mixed hearing loss on audiogram

A

parts with significant air bone gap and parts without

47
Q

type A tympanometry?

A

normal eustachian tube

48
Q

type B tympanometry?

A

restiriction of eardrum by fluid or ossification

49
Q

type C tympanometry?

A

drum moving but something retracting inwards

pushed out or in by +ve or -ve pressure from eustachian tube

50
Q

high canal volume is suggestive of?

A

tympanic membrane perforation

MB2 Ear, Nose and Throat (11 decks)

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