Audiology, aids and pharm Flashcards
types of hearing aid
behind ear
in ear
in canal
indication of hearing aid
demonstrable hearing loss, may not be picked up on pure tone audiometry so might need some background noise
what is the telecoil loop?
induction loop meaning that distortion in magnetic field is picked up and converted to sound in the hearing aid
problems with hearing aid
pain/discomfort
no/insufficient sound
what causes pain/discomfort due to hearing aids
allergy to material
doesnt fit properly
otitis externa due to ear canal occlusion
what may cause feedback in hearing aid
earway
earmould not inserted or not fitting
leak through hole in tube or elbow and being picked up by microphone
assistive devices to use with hearing aids
flashing doorbell
flashing smoke alarms
text telephones
phone amplifier
when may a bone anchored hearing aid be used
recurrent discharge
absent/stenosed EAM
describe how bone anchored hearing aids are fitted
titanium screw is fitted and metal abutment screws into this
hearing aid is attached
what is the indication for vibrant sound bridges
cannot wear hearing aids
do not wish to have device in ear
how do vibrant sound bridges work
implanted device and external sound processor held in place magnetically
external converts sound to electrical signal that is transmitted to implant and is converted to mechanical vibration carried to inner ear
how do cochlear implants work
electrical stimulatino of neural structures in cochlea
profound/severe sensorineural hearing loss
common abx in ear drops
neomycin gentamicin polymycin framycentin ciprofloxacin - not licensed
antifungals used in fungal OE
clotrimazole, nystatin
general management of OE
keep ear out of water
avoid cotton buds
dont wear hearing aids
true/false - for eczematous OE, gentamicin should be added with steroid in cause of infection
false - should be steroid alone as gentamicin may cause sensitivity
what may be used in severe OE with oedema
pope wick dressing and impregnated with steroid/abx
pinna cellulitis requires topical/systemic abx
systemic
how to apply ear drops?
turn ear upwards
pull pinna up and back, or straight back in kids
instil drops
press tragus over intriolus to encourage drops to pass down
side effects of ear drops
ototoxicity
local sensitivity
dizziness
why can ear drops cause dizziness?
lateral semicircular canal may be stimulated if not close to body temp
what may cause ototoxicity
theoretically, aminoglycosides with perf TM
if infection is bad then the risk to not using is worse than using
5 components of beauty?
forehead eyes nose lips chin
what balance creates beauty
divine proportion
uses of plastic surgery
cosmetic
congenital
tumour excision
trauma
what age should otoplasty be used
6-11
diagnosing need for otoplasty clinically
1cm from superior pinna to mastoid
2cm from tragus to mastoid
30 degrees mastoid and helix
reasons for protrudting ears
underdeveloped antihelix fold
prominent concha
protruding lobe
first line for healing process
secondary intention
true/false - skin grafts cannot directly go onto tendon or bone
true
when would you use delayed closure of a wound
infection
tumour
what is the hearing threshold
quietest sound a patient can hear across all frequencies
if subject respinds to tone 50% of time it is likely that
how is AC threshold assessed
insert earphones or headphones
how is BC threshold assessed
bone conductor
normal hearing is categorised as hearing
<20dB
mild hearing loss is categorised as hearing
20-40dB
moderate hearing loss is categorised as hearing
41-70dB
severe hearing loss is categorised as hearing
71-95dB
profound hearing loss is categorised as hearing
> 90dB
what is masking
when testing the worse ear the better ear may picks up test signals more easily
rules of masking
needed when when BC is better than AC by >10dB
BC can never be less than AC
masking is needed when BC is >40 (headphones) or >55 (earphones) than non masked AC of other ear
masking needed when peft and right threshold exceed >40dB (headphones) or >55 (earphones)
features of sensorineural hearing loss on audiogram
BC and AC are the same
risk factors for sensorineural hearing loss
increaseing age loud sound ototoxicity infectious disease complication at birht benign tumours on auditory nerve genes
cause of mixed hearing loss
genes congenital infection mass head injury
features of conductive hearing loss on audiogram
significant air bone gap in threshold
features of mixed hearing loss on audiogram
parts with significant air bone gap and parts without
type A tympanometry?
normal eustachian tube
type B tympanometry?
restiriction of eardrum by fluid or ossification
type C tympanometry?
drum moving but something retracting inwards
pushed out or in by +ve or -ve pressure from eustachian tube
high canal volume is suggestive of?
tympanic membrane perforation
