Audiology, aids and pharm

Question 1

types of hearing aid

Answer 1

behind ear
in ear
in canal

Question 2

indication of hearing aid

Answer 2

demonstrable hearing loss, may not be picked up on pure tone audiometry so might need some background noise

Question 3

what is the telecoil loop?

Answer 3

induction loop meaning that distortion in magnetic field is picked up and converted to sound in the hearing aid

Question 4

problems with hearing aid

Answer 4

pain/discomfort

no/insufficient sound

Question 5

what causes pain/discomfort due to hearing aids

Answer 5

allergy to material
doesnt fit properly
otitis externa due to ear canal occlusion

Question 6

what may cause feedback in hearing aid

Answer 6

earway
earmould not inserted or not fitting
leak through hole in tube or elbow and being picked up by microphone

Question 7

assistive devices to use with hearing aids

Answer 7

flashing doorbell
flashing smoke alarms
text telephones
phone amplifier

Question 8

when may a bone anchored hearing aid be used

Answer 8

recurrent discharge

absent/stenosed EAM

Question 9

describe how bone anchored hearing aids are fitted

Answer 9

titanium screw is fitted and metal abutment screws into this
hearing aid is attached

Question 10

what is the indication for vibrant sound bridges

Answer 10

cannot wear hearing aids

do not wish to have device in ear

Question 11

how do vibrant sound bridges work

Answer 11

implanted device and external sound processor held in place magnetically
external converts sound to electrical signal that is transmitted to implant and is converted to mechanical vibration carried to inner ear

Question 12

how do cochlear implants work

Answer 12

electrical stimulatino of neural structures in cochlea

profound/severe sensorineural hearing loss

Question 13

common abx in ear drops

Answer 13

neomycin
gentamicin
polymycin
framycentin 
ciprofloxacin - not licensed

Question 14

antifungals used in fungal OE

Answer 14

clotrimazole, nystatin

Question 15

general management of OE

Answer 15

keep ear out of water
avoid cotton buds
dont wear hearing aids

Question 16

true/false - for eczematous OE, gentamicin should be added with steroid in cause of infection

Answer 16

false - should be steroid alone as gentamicin may cause sensitivity

Question 17

what may be used in severe OE with oedema

Answer 17

pope wick dressing and impregnated with steroid/abx

Question 18

pinna cellulitis requires topical/systemic abx

Answer 18

systemic

Question 19

how to apply ear drops?

Answer 19

turn ear upwards
pull pinna up and back, or straight back in kids
instil drops
press tragus over intriolus to encourage drops to pass down

Question 20

side effects of ear drops

Answer 20

ototoxicity
local sensitivity
dizziness

Question 21

why can ear drops cause dizziness?

Answer 21

lateral semicircular canal may be stimulated if not close to body temp

Question 22

what may cause ototoxicity

Answer 22

theoretically, aminoglycosides with perf TM

if infection is bad then the risk to not using is worse than using

Question 23

5 components of beauty?

Answer 23

forehead 
eyes 
nose 
lips 
chin

Question 24

what balance creates beauty

Answer 24

divine proportion

Question 25

uses of plastic surgery

Answer 25

cosmetic congenital tumour excision trauma

Question 26

what age should otoplasty be used

Answer 26

6-11

Question 27

diagnosing need for otoplasty clinically

Answer 27

1cm from superior pinna to mastoid 2cm from tragus to mastoid 30 degrees mastoid and helix

Question 28

reasons for protrudting ears

Answer 28

underdeveloped antihelix fold prominent concha protruding lobe

Question 29

first line for healing process

Answer 29

secondary intention

Question 30

true/false - skin grafts cannot directly go onto tendon or bone

Answer 30

true

Question 31

when would you use delayed closure of a wound

Answer 31

infection | tumour

Question 32

what is the hearing threshold

Answer 32

quietest sound a patient can hear across all frequencies | if subject respinds to tone 50% of time it is likely that

Question 33

how is AC threshold assessed

Answer 33

insert earphones or headphones

Question 34

how is BC threshold assessed

Answer 34

bone conductor

Question 35

normal hearing is categorised as hearing

Answer 35

<20dB

Question 36

mild hearing loss is categorised as hearing

Answer 36

20-40dB

Question 37

moderate hearing loss is categorised as hearing

Answer 37

41-70dB

Question 38

severe hearing loss is categorised as hearing

Answer 38

71-95dB

Question 39

profound hearing loss is categorised as hearing

Answer 39

>90dB

Question 40

what is masking

Answer 40

when testing the worse ear the better ear may picks up test signals more easily

Question 41

rules of masking

Answer 41

needed when when BC is better than AC by >10dB BC can never be less than AC masking is needed when BC is >40 (headphones) or >55 (earphones) than non masked AC of other ear masking needed when peft and right threshold exceed >40dB (headphones) or >55 (earphones)

Question 42

features of sensorineural hearing loss on audiogram

Answer 42

BC and AC are the same

Question 43

risk factors for sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 43

``` increaseing age loud sound ototoxicity infectious disease complication at birht benign tumours on auditory nerve genes ```

Question 44

cause of mixed hearing loss

Answer 44

``` genes congenital infection mass head injury ```

Question 45

features of conductive hearing loss on audiogram

Answer 45

significant air bone gap in threshold

Question 46

features of mixed hearing loss on audiogram

Answer 46

parts with significant air bone gap and parts without

Question 47

type A tympanometry?

Answer 47

normal eustachian tube

Question 48

type B tympanometry?

Answer 48

restiriction of eardrum by fluid or ossification

Question 49

type C tympanometry?

Answer 49

drum moving but something retracting inwards | pushed out or in by +ve or -ve pressure from eustachian tube

Question 50

high canal volume is suggestive of?

Answer 50

tympanic membrane perforation