Pathology

Question 1

Why would someone with long standing hepatitis start vomiting blood?

Answer 1

Hepatocytes killed off and replaced with nodules
Blood backs up into portal vein and then into gut
Blood starts to bypass liver and goes to other veins
Oesophageal varices start to form
Rupture and bleed into oesophagus
Start vomiting blood

Question 2

How do you treat someone vomitting blood?

Answer 2

Sengstaken - Blakemore tube (NG tube with balloon on the end)

Question 3

Why does bronchopneumonia cause a patchy appearance to the lung?

Answer 3

Areas packed with WBCs become patchy and inflammed.

Question 4

Purulent sputum produced by a child for many years. Pathology shows abnormally dilated airways. Dx?

Answer 4

Bronchiectasis - secondary to CF

Question 5

List 3 stages of pathology of pneumonia

Answer 5

Red hepatisation - lung turns red and engorged due to RBC infiltration
Grey hepatisation - RBC lysed
Resolution - macrophage enzymes clear the inflammation

Question 6

How can you tell someone had a previous MI on pathology specimen?

Answer 6

The heart will have fibrous band where the prev MI was