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Lottie's DPD 1 > Amir Sam 3 - GIT > Flashcards

Amir Sam 3 - GIT Flashcards

1
Q

List 6 features you look for in the hands of an abdomen examination?

A

ABCDE (L) Asterixis Bruising Clubbing Dupuytrens Contracture Erythema (palmar) Leuconychia

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2
Q

What does leuconcyhia show?

A

Hyperalbuminaemia

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3
Q

List 4 features you look for on the chest of an abdomen examination?

A

Spider navei, gynaecomastia, hair loss, excoriation marks

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4
Q

Which way do caput medusae veins flow?

A

Flow towards the legs below the umbilicus

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5
Q

List 4 causes of hepatomegaly

A

3Cs and I Cancer Cirrhosis Cardiac - CHF or constrictive pericarditis Fatty infiltration

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6
Q

List 5 broad liver disease causes

A

Alcohol, AI, drugs, viral, biliary tree problems

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7
Q

HOW DO YOU TAKE A HPC HISTORY???!!!!!!!

A

HPC - SOCRATES SYSTEMS REVIEW DDX AND RISK FACTORS

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8
Q

List 4 causes of splenomegaly

A

Portal HTN, haematological, infection, inflammation

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9
Q

What condition should you rule out for back pain with hypotension?

A

Ruptured AAA

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10
Q

What can cause epigastric pain?

A

ORGANS Stomach - peptic ulcer, GORD, gastritis, cancer Pancreas - acute pancreatitis Heart - MI Aorta - AAA Liver/gall bladder - cholecystitis, hepatitis

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11
Q

Differentiate between acute and chronic pancreatitis presentations

A

Acute = Pain, raised amylase Chronic = pain, weight loss, decreased end/exocrine function and NORMAL amylase

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12
Q

How do you diagnose chronic pancreatitis?

A

Faecal elastase in stool sample

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13
Q

What can cause RUQ pain?

A

ORGANS Gall bladder - cholecystitis, cholangitis, gallstones Liver - hepatitis, liver access Lungs - basal pneumonia Appendix - appendicitis Stomach / pancreas - Peptic ulcer, pancreatitis Kidneys - pyelonephritis

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14
Q

When can appendicitis cause RUQ pain?

A

When its retrocaecal eg in pregnancy

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15
Q

What can cause RIF pain?

A

Appendix - appendicitis GI - mesenteric adenitis, IBD, malignancy ONG - ovarian cyst / rupture / torsion / bleed, ectopic preg

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16
Q

What causes suprapubic pain?

A

Cystitis Urinary retention

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17
Q

What causes LIF pain?

A

GI - diverticulitis, IBD, malignancy ONG - ovarian cyst, rupture, bleed, torsion, ectopic preg

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18
Q

List 5 categories for abdo pain causes

A

Obstruction Infection Inflammation Ischaemia Medical

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19
Q

What medical causes lead to abdo pain?

A

DKA, Addisons, Hypercalcaemia, porphyria, lead poisoning

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20
Q

What does a raise amylase diagnose?

A

NOTHING It is raised in lots of abdominal problems, doesnt just mean acute pancreatitis

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21
Q

What is the numerical definition of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis?

A

Ascites neutrophil count > 250 cells/mm3

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22
Q

What 5 categories can cause abdo distention?

A

Fluid, Faeces, Foetus, Flatus, Fat

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23
Q

If the bowel is obstructed, what Sx will you get?

A

Abdo distention, N&V, constipation, high pitched bowel sounds

24
Q

Classify and list causes of ascites

A

Transudate = cirrhosis, heart failure, nephrotic syndrome Exudate = infective, malignancy

25
Classify and list causes of jaundice
Pre-hepatic = haemolysis, defective conjugation, Gilberts Hepatic = hepatitis Post-hepatic = CBD obstruction
26
What does urine / faeces look like in hepatic jaundice?
Dark urine, normal poo
27
What does urine / faeces look like in pre- hepatic jaundice?
Normal
28
What does urine / faeces look like in post-hepatic jaundice?
Dark urine and pale stool
29
If a jaundice is painless, what is it most likely to be?
Cancer of head of pancreas
30
What does Trousseau's sign show?
Jaundice due to cancer of head of pancreas
31
A raised ALP indicates which type of jaundice?
Obstructive (post-hepatic)
32
A raised AST indicated which type of jaundice?
Hepatic jaundice
33
What is the pancreatic cancer marker?
Ca 19-9
34
List 5 causes of infective colitis
CHESS Campylobacter Haemorrhagic E coli Entamoeba histolytica Salmonella Shigella
35
List 5 causes of bloody diarrhoea
Infective colitis, UC, ischaemic colitis, diverticulitis, malignancy
36
Which cause of bloody diarrhoea is most common in elderly?
Iscahemic
37
Which cause of bloody diarrhoea is most common in young?
Inflammatory (UC)
38
What is the Mx of acute GI bleed, in order?
ABCDE IV access and fluids G&S and Cross match OGD
39
What is the Mx for acute abdo, in order?
NBM IV fluids Analgesia Consider anti-emetics / antibiotics Consult surgeon
40
What do you give for a variceal bleed?
Antibiotics Terlipressin (vasoconstrictor)
41
What Ix do you do for any acute abdo?
FBC, U&E, LFTs, CRP, Clotting G&S, Cross match Erect CXR CT abdo
42
What Ix would you do for jaundice?
FBC, LFT, CRP Abdo USS
43
What Ix would you do for dysphagia and weight loss?
OGD and biopsy
44
What Ix would you do for PR bleed and weight loss?
Colonscopy
45
What is the Tx for ascites?
Diuretics (sprinonlactone / frusemide) Low salt diet Fluid restriction and weight monitoring Paracentesis (with IV human albumin)
46
What is the Tx for encephalopathy?
Lactulose Phosphate enema
47
What Sx present with IBS?
Abdo pain, bloating, better with dedication, change in stool
48
What Sx can not be present in someone with IBS?
PR bleed, anaemia, weight loss, nocturnal Sx, coeliacs
49
Identify scar 1 and its indications
Right subcoastal (Kocher's incision) Biliary surgery
50
Identify scar 1 and its indications
Right subcoastal (Kocher's incision) Biliary surgery
51
Identify scar 2 and its indications
Mercedes Benz incision For liver transplant
52
Identify scar 3 and its indications
Midline laparotomy incision GI / major abdo surgery
53
Identify scar 4 and its indications
McBurneys incision Appendicetomy
54
Identify scar 5 and its indications
J Shape incision Renal transplant
55
Identify scar 7 and its indications
Inguinal incision For hernia repair or vascular access
56
Identify scar 8 and its indications
Loin incision Nephrectomy

Lottie's DPD 1 (27 decks)

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