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Lottie's DPD 1 > Amir Sam 3 - GIT > Flashcards

Amir Sam 3 - GIT Flashcards

1
Q

List 6 features you look for in the hands of an abdomen examination?

A

ABCDE (L) Asterixis Bruising Clubbing Dupuytrens Contracture Erythema (palmar) Leuconychia

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2
Q

What does leuconcyhia show?

A

Hyperalbuminaemia

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3
Q

List 4 features you look for on the chest of an abdomen examination?

A

Spider navei, gynaecomastia, hair loss, excoriation marks

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4
Q

Which way do caput medusae veins flow?

A

Flow towards the legs below the umbilicus

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5
Q

List 4 causes of hepatomegaly

A

3Cs and I Cancer Cirrhosis Cardiac - CHF or constrictive pericarditis Fatty infiltration

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6
Q

List 5 broad liver disease causes

A

Alcohol, AI, drugs, viral, biliary tree problems

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7
Q

HOW DO YOU TAKE A HPC HISTORY???!!!!!!!

A

HPC - SOCRATES SYSTEMS REVIEW DDX AND RISK FACTORS

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8
Q

List 4 causes of splenomegaly

A

Portal HTN, haematological, infection, inflammation

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9
Q

What condition should you rule out for back pain with hypotension?

A

Ruptured AAA

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10
Q

What can cause epigastric pain?

A

ORGANS Stomach - peptic ulcer, GORD, gastritis, cancer Pancreas - acute pancreatitis Heart - MI Aorta - AAA Liver/gall bladder - cholecystitis, hepatitis

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11
Q

Differentiate between acute and chronic pancreatitis presentations

A

Acute = Pain, raised amylase Chronic = pain, weight loss, decreased end/exocrine function and NORMAL amylase

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12
Q

How do you diagnose chronic pancreatitis?

A

Faecal elastase in stool sample

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13
Q

What can cause RUQ pain?

A

ORGANS Gall bladder - cholecystitis, cholangitis, gallstones Liver - hepatitis, liver access Lungs - basal pneumonia Appendix - appendicitis Stomach / pancreas - Peptic ulcer, pancreatitis Kidneys - pyelonephritis

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14
Q

When can appendicitis cause RUQ pain?

A

When its retrocaecal eg in pregnancy

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15
Q

What can cause RIF pain?

A

Appendix - appendicitis GI - mesenteric adenitis, IBD, malignancy ONG - ovarian cyst / rupture / torsion / bleed, ectopic preg

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16
Q

What causes suprapubic pain?

A

Cystitis Urinary retention

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17
Q

What causes LIF pain?

A

GI - diverticulitis, IBD, malignancy ONG - ovarian cyst, rupture, bleed, torsion, ectopic preg

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18
Q

List 5 categories for abdo pain causes

A

Obstruction Infection Inflammation Ischaemia Medical

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19
Q

What medical causes lead to abdo pain?

A

DKA, Addisons, Hypercalcaemia, porphyria, lead poisoning

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20
Q

What does a raise amylase diagnose?

A

NOTHING It is raised in lots of abdominal problems, doesnt just mean acute pancreatitis

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21
Q

What is the numerical definition of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis?

A

Ascites neutrophil count > 250 cells/mm3

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22
Q

What 5 categories can cause abdo distention?

A

Fluid, Faeces, Foetus, Flatus, Fat

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23
Q

If the bowel is obstructed, what Sx will you get?

A

Abdo distention, N&V, constipation, high pitched bowel sounds

24
Q

Classify and list causes of ascites

A

Transudate = cirrhosis, heart failure, nephrotic syndrome Exudate = infective, malignancy

25
Q

Classify and list causes of jaundice

A

Pre-hepatic = haemolysis, defective conjugation, Gilberts Hepatic = hepatitis Post-hepatic = CBD obstruction

26
Q

What does urine / faeces look like in hepatic jaundice?

A

Dark urine, normal poo

27
Q

What does urine / faeces look like in pre- hepatic jaundice?

A

Normal

28
Q

What does urine / faeces look like in post-hepatic jaundice?

A

Dark urine and pale stool

29
Q

If a jaundice is painless, what is it most likely to be?

A

Cancer of head of pancreas

30
Q

What does Trousseau’s sign show?

A

Jaundice due to cancer of head of pancreas

31
Q

A raised ALP indicates which type of jaundice?

A

Obstructive (post-hepatic)

32
Q

A raised AST indicated which type of jaundice?

A

Hepatic jaundice

33
Q

What is the pancreatic cancer marker?

A

Ca 19-9

34
Q

List 5 causes of infective colitis

A

CHESS Campylobacter Haemorrhagic E coli Entamoeba histolytica Salmonella Shigella

35
Q

List 5 causes of bloody diarrhoea

A

Infective colitis, UC, ischaemic colitis, diverticulitis, malignancy

36
Q

Which cause of bloody diarrhoea is most common in elderly?

A

Iscahemic

37
Q

Which cause of bloody diarrhoea is most common in young?

A

Inflammatory (UC)

38
Q

What is the Mx of acute GI bleed, in order?

A

ABCDE IV access and fluids G&S and Cross match OGD

39
Q

What is the Mx for acute abdo, in order?

A

NBM IV fluids Analgesia Consider anti-emetics / antibiotics Consult surgeon

40
Q

What do you give for a variceal bleed?

A

Antibiotics Terlipressin (vasoconstrictor)

41
Q

What Ix do you do for any acute abdo?

A

FBC, U&E, LFTs, CRP, Clotting G&S, Cross match Erect CXR CT abdo

42
Q

What Ix would you do for jaundice?

A

FBC, LFT, CRP Abdo USS

43
Q

What Ix would you do for dysphagia and weight loss?

A

OGD and biopsy

44
Q

What Ix would you do for PR bleed and weight loss?

A

Colonscopy

45
Q

What is the Tx for ascites?

A

Diuretics (sprinonlactone / frusemide) Low salt diet Fluid restriction and weight monitoring Paracentesis (with IV human albumin)

46
Q

What is the Tx for encephalopathy?

A

Lactulose Phosphate enema

47
Q

What Sx present with IBS?

A

Abdo pain, bloating, better with dedication, change in stool

48
Q

What Sx can not be present in someone with IBS?

A

PR bleed, anaemia, weight loss, nocturnal Sx, coeliacs

49
Q

Identify scar 1 and its indications

A

Right subcoastal (Kocher’s incision)

Biliary surgery

50
Q

Identify scar 1 and its indications

A

Right subcoastal (Kocher’s incision)

Biliary surgery

51
Q

Identify scar 2 and its indications

A

Mercedes Benz incision

For liver transplant

52
Q

Identify scar 3 and its indications

A

Midline laparotomy incision

GI / major abdo surgery

53
Q

Identify scar 4 and its indications

A

McBurneys incision

Appendicetomy

54
Q

Identify scar 5 and its indications

A

J Shape incision

Renal transplant

55
Q

Identify scar 7 and its indications

A

Inguinal incision

For hernia repair or vascular access

56
Q

Identify scar 8 and its indications

A

Loin incision

Nephrectomy

Lottie's DPD 1 (27 decks)

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