ENT

Question 1

List 6 main Sx of otology problems

Answer 1

Ottorrhoea 
Otalgia 
Hearing loss 
Dizziness 
Tinnitus 
Facial weakness

Question 2

What does mucoid discharge from the ear suggest?

Answer 2

Middle ear problem

Question 3

What does clear discharge from the ear suggest?

Answer 3

CSF leaking out

Question 4

List the 3 main otology tests

Answer 4

Otoscopy
Webers
Rinnes

Question 5

Differentiate between Weber and Rinne’s tests

Answer 5

Rinne = Air vs bone conduction (put tuning fork on mastoid then next to ear canal) 
Weber = Put tuning fork middle of forehead and test if the pt hears it in both ears equally

Question 6

Bulging ear drum injected with BVs with a moved cone of light reflex.
Dx?

Answer 6

Otitis media

Question 7

How do you treat recurrent otitis media in children?

Answer 7

Long term antibiotics or grommets

Question 8

Bulging red lump behind ear.

Dx?

Answer 8

Acute mastoiditis

Question 9

Swimmer has gunky white stuff in ear canal.

Dx?

Answer 9

Otitis externa

Question 10

Smelly green discharge with cheesy lump in attic of ear.

Dx?

Answer 10

Cholesteatoma

Question 11

What is a cholesteatoma?

Answer 11

Stratified squamous epithelium in middle ear

Question 12

What is the treatment of cholesteatoma?

Answer 12

Surgery

Question 13

Bubbles and greyness in ear with no light reflex. No pain.
Conductive hearing loss.
Dx?

Answer 13

Otitis media with effusion aka Glue Ear

Question 14

What is the treatment for sensorineural hearing loss?

Answer 14

Systemic/ intratympanic steroids

Question 15

Hearing loss in one ear after an infection. Webers test goes to opposite ear.
Dx?

Answer 15

Sensorineural hearing loss

Question 16

Drooping of the face which doesn’t spare the forehead.

Dx?

Answer 16

LMN palsy of face

Question 17

What is Bells phenomenon?

Answer 17

Eyes roll up when you close your eyes so you can’t see the pupil

Question 18

List 4 causes of conductive hearing loss?

Answer 18

Fluid, perforation, wax, ossicles.

Question 19

Which part of the nose is bony?

Answer 19

Upper 1/3

Question 20

What are turbinates?

Answer 20

Bony ingrowths into nasal cavity covered with mucosa

Question 21

Name the 3 paranasal sinuses

Answer 21

Frontal, maxillary and ethmoid

Question 22

What is the thin bone at the top of the nose called?

Answer 22

Cribiform plate

Question 23

List 5 functions of the nasal cavity

Answer 23

WHORF 
Warming 
Humidification 
Olfaction 
Respiration 
Filtration

Question 24

What instrument is used to open the nasal cavities for anterior rhinoscopy?

Answer 24

Thudicum’s speculum

Question 25

List treatment for mild rhinitis

Answer 25

Antihistamine, saline nasal douche and allergen avoidance advice

Question 26

List treatment for moderate rhinitis

Answer 26

Nasal steroids

Question 27

What is a common feature in the nose of someone with rhinosinusitis?

Answer 27

Polyps

Question 28

What is the treatment for rhinosinusitis?

Answer 28

Saline nasal douche and topical nasal steroids

Question 29

What is the danger with breaking your nose?

Answer 29

Septal haematoma formation

Question 30

List signs on inspection to look for in a neck exam

Answer 30

Hoarse voice, neck scars, masses | Cachexia, exophthalmus, tremor

Question 31

What do you look for in a neck lump?

Answer 31

``` 3S = site, size, surface / skin 3C = colour, contour, consistency 3T = tender, temp, transilluminable ```

Question 32

Firm, tender, warm, mobile, red lump. | Dx?

Answer 32

Infective lymphadenopathy

Question 33

Firm, non tender, tethered lump. | Dx?

Answer 33

Invasive lymphadenopathy eg cancer metastasis

Question 34

How do you investigate a potential invasive lymphadenopathy?

Answer 34

FBC, ESR, CRP, virology screen | CXR with fine needle aspiration of lump

Question 35

Superficial lump, associated with skin. | Dx?

Answer 35

Lipoma or sebaceous cyst

Question 36

What is a midline lump that does not move with swallowing?

Answer 36

Dermoid cyst or chondroma

Question 37

What is a midline lump that moves with swallowing?

Answer 37

Thyroid problem

Question 38

What is a midline lump that moves with swallowing and tongue protrusion? It is also transilluminable.

Answer 38

Thyroglossal cyst

Question 39

What is a midline lump that moves with swallowing but not tongue protrusion?

Answer 39

Thyroid goitre

Question 40

Pulsatile, anterior triangle lump. Dx?

Answer 40

Carotid body tumour

Question 41

Tender, enlarged, inflamed lump in anterior triangle. | Dx?

Answer 41

Branchial cyst

Question 42

Anterior triangle lump which is warm and on mandible. | Dx?

Answer 42

Parotid glad swelling

Question 43

Huge squishy lump in posterior triangle. | Dx?

Answer 43

Cystic hygroma

Question 44

Posterior triangle lump with regurgitation, gurgling and halitosis. Dx?

Answer 44

Pharyngeal pouch.