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Lottie's DPD 1 > ENT > Flashcards

ENT Flashcards

1
Q

List 6 main Sx of otology problems

A 
Ottorrhoea 
Otalgia 
Hearing loss 
Dizziness 
Tinnitus 
Facial weakness
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2
Q

What does mucoid discharge from the ear suggest?

A

Middle ear problem

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3
Q

What does clear discharge from the ear suggest?

A

CSF leaking out

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4
Q

List the 3 main otology tests

A

Otoscopy
Webers
Rinnes

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5
Q

Differentiate between Weber and Rinne’s tests

A 
Rinne = Air vs bone conduction (put tuning fork on mastoid then next to ear canal) 
Weber = Put tuning fork middle of forehead and test if the pt hears it in both ears equally
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6
Q

Bulging ear drum injected with BVs with a moved cone of light reflex.
Dx?

A

Otitis media

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7
Q

How do you treat recurrent otitis media in children?

A

Long term antibiotics or grommets

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8
Q

Bulging red lump behind ear.

Dx?

A

Acute mastoiditis

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9
Q

Swimmer has gunky white stuff in ear canal.

Dx?

A

Otitis externa

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10
Q

Smelly green discharge with cheesy lump in attic of ear.

Dx?

A

Cholesteatoma

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11
Q

What is a cholesteatoma?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium in middle ear

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12
Q

What is the treatment of cholesteatoma?

A

Surgery

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13
Q

Bubbles and greyness in ear with no light reflex. No pain.
Conductive hearing loss.
Dx?

A

Otitis media with effusion aka Glue Ear

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14
Q

What is the treatment for sensorineural hearing loss?

A

Systemic/ intratympanic steroids

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15
Q

Hearing loss in one ear after an infection. Webers test goes to opposite ear.
Dx?

A

Sensorineural hearing loss

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16
Q

Drooping of the face which doesn’t spare the forehead.

Dx?

A

LMN palsy of face

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17
Q

What is Bells phenomenon?

A

Eyes roll up when you close your eyes so you can’t see the pupil

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18
Q

List 4 causes of conductive hearing loss?

A

Fluid, perforation, wax, ossicles.

19
Q

Which part of the nose is bony?

A

Upper 1/3

20
Q

What are turbinates?

A

Bony ingrowths into nasal cavity covered with mucosa

21
Q

Name the 3 paranasal sinuses

A

Frontal, maxillary and ethmoid

22
Q

What is the thin bone at the top of the nose called?

A

Cribiform plate

23
Q

List 5 functions of the nasal cavity

A 
WHORF 
Warming 
Humidification 
Olfaction 
Respiration 
Filtration
24
Q

What instrument is used to open the nasal cavities for anterior rhinoscopy?

A

Thudicum’s speculum

25
Q

List treatment for mild rhinitis

A

Antihistamine, saline nasal douche and allergen avoidance advice

26
Q

List treatment for moderate rhinitis

A

Nasal steroids

27
Q

What is a common feature in the nose of someone with rhinosinusitis?

A

Polyps

28
Q

What is the treatment for rhinosinusitis?

A

Saline nasal douche and topical nasal steroids

29
Q

What is the danger with breaking your nose?

A

Septal haematoma formation

30
Q

List signs on inspection to look for in a neck exam

A

Hoarse voice, neck scars, masses

Cachexia, exophthalmus, tremor

31
Q

What do you look for in a neck lump?

A 
3S = site, size, surface / skin 
3C = colour, contour, consistency 
3T = tender, temp, transilluminable
32
Q

Firm, tender, warm, mobile, red lump.

Dx?

A

Infective lymphadenopathy

33
Q

Firm, non tender, tethered lump.

Dx?

A

Invasive lymphadenopathy eg cancer metastasis

34
Q

How do you investigate a potential invasive lymphadenopathy?

A

FBC, ESR, CRP, virology screen

CXR with fine needle aspiration of lump

35
Q

Superficial lump, associated with skin.

Dx?

A

Lipoma or sebaceous cyst

36
Q

What is a midline lump that does not move with swallowing?

A

Dermoid cyst or chondroma

37
Q

What is a midline lump that moves with swallowing?

A

Thyroid problem

38
Q

What is a midline lump that moves with swallowing and tongue protrusion? It is also transilluminable.

A

Thyroglossal cyst

39
Q

What is a midline lump that moves with swallowing but not tongue protrusion?

A

Thyroid goitre

40
Q

Pulsatile, anterior triangle lump. Dx?

A

Carotid body tumour

41
Q

Tender, enlarged, inflamed lump in anterior triangle.

Dx?

A

Branchial cyst

42
Q

Anterior triangle lump which is warm and on mandible.

Dx?

A

Parotid glad swelling

43
Q

Huge squishy lump in posterior triangle.

Dx?

A

Cystic hygroma

44
Q

Posterior triangle lump with regurgitation, gurgling and halitosis.
Dx?

A

Pharyngeal pouch.

Lottie's DPD 1 (27 decks)

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