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Lottie's DPD 1 > Anaemia > Flashcards

Anaemia Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 things does bone marrow production of cells respond to?

A

Hypoxia, infection and bleeding

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2
Q

What 2 things are necessary for cell production?

A

Healthy bone marrow

Adequate haemotinics

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3
Q

What is the lifespan of RBCs?

A

120 days

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4
Q

What is the lifespan of granulocytes?

A

7hr circulation

30hr tissue

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5
Q

What is the lifespan of platelets?

A

10 days

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6
Q

What causes pancytopenia?

A

Bone marrow damage or production problem

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7
Q

What is the general cause of a single cell cytopenia?

A

Peripheral destruction eg AI

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8
Q

Explain how you would use the FBC when looking for anaemia

A

Identify anaemia in Hb
Look at MCV
Look at reticulocyte count

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9
Q

Explain how you would use the FBC when looking for leucocytopenia

A

Look at WCC
Look at differentials (each cell count)
Look at blood film

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10
Q

What is the most common cause of a microcytic anaemia?

A

Fe deficiency

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11
Q

What is the most common cause of a macrocytic anaemia?

A

Vit B12 deficiency

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12
Q

What is the general cause of a huge macrocytic anaemia?

A

DNA synthesis problems

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13
Q

Low Hb, Low MCV, ethnic background, no previous normal FBC. Dx?

A

Beta thalassaemia trait

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14
Q

How do you diagnose beta thalassaemia trait?

A

Raised HbA2

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15
Q

Low Hb, low MCV, low ferritin, low Fe, high transferrin.

Dx?

A

Iron deficiency anaemia

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16
Q

What is the key haematological feature of iron deficiency anaemia?

A

Low ferritin

17
Q

How do you differentiate IDA and ACD?

A

Transferrin - high in IDA, low in ACD

18
Q

Describe the pathophysiology of ACD?

A

Iron stores adequate but not available for erythropoietin, due to hepcidin (antibacterial that removes iron from blood to stop bacterial reproduction)

19
Q

What are the only haematological changes in ACD?

A

High ferritin and ESR

20
Q

What is megaloblastic anaemia?

A

Mismatch of nucleus : cytoplasm maturation

21
Q

List 2 causes of megaloblastic anaemia

A

Vit b12 or folate deficiency

22
Q

Where is B12 absorbed?

A

Terminal ileum

23
Q

Where is folate absorbed?

A

Proximal jejunum

24
Q

What causes pernicious anaemia?

A

AI destruction of gastric cells that secrete intrinsic factor, resulting in B12 deficiency

25
Q

List 4 causes of low folate

A

Poverty, alcoholism, pregnancy, hameolysis

26
Q

Macrocytic anaemia, high BR, high reticulocytes and pigment gallstones.
Dx?

A

Hereditary spherocytosis

27
Q

Macrocytic anaemia, high BR, high reticulocytes, high LDH.

Dx?

A

Haemolytic anaemia

28
Q

List 2 causes of haemolytic anaemia

A

RBC defect eg G6PD deficiency

Autoimmune

29
Q

List 4 causes of normocytic anaemia

A

Blood loss
Renal failure
Bone marrow suppression
Chemotherapy

Lottie's DPD 1 (27 decks)

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