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Lottie's DPD 1 > Amir Sam 5 - Mixed > Flashcards

Amir Sam 5 - Mixed Flashcards

1
Q

What do fine crepitations indicate?

A

Heart failure

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2
Q

What do coarse crepitations and bronchial breathing indicate?

A

Pneumonia

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3
Q

What is the treatment for pnuemonia?

A

Amoxicillin and clarithromycin

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4
Q

Why are 2 antibiotics used in the treatment for pneumonia?

A

Amoxicillin - for strep pneumoniae

Clarithromycin for atypical pneumonia organisms

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5
Q

List 3 non typical organisms that cause pneumonia

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Chlamydia pneumoniae
Legionella pneumophillia

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6
Q

What is the Ix for microcytic anaemia and dyspepsia?

A

OGD

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7
Q

List 3 Ix for microcytic anaemia

A

Haematinics - Vit B12, folate
Coeliac screen - TTG and anti E AB
OGD / colonoscopy

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8
Q

How is coeliacs diagnosed?

A

OGD with duodenal biopsy –> villous atrophy

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9
Q

What 2 tests must be done preliminarily in bloody diarrhoea?

A

Stool test for C.diff and cultures

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10
Q

What is the Tx for SVT?

A

Adenosine

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11
Q

What is the Tx for palpitations secondary to AF?

A

DC cardio version

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12
Q

What happens if someone is having an AF flare up >48hrs?

A

Anticoagulate and control rate

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13
Q

What is Tx for VT?

A

Amiodarone

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14
Q

What is the Tx for arrhythmias?

A

Digoxin / metoprolol

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15
Q

What is Trousseau’s sign?

A

Sign on legs indicating pancreatic cancer

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16
Q

What is Troisier’s sign?

A

Presence of Virchows node

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17
Q

What is Virchows node?

A

L Supraclavicular lymphadenopathy

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18
Q

What is Grey Turner’s sign?

A

Bruising around umbilicus

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19
Q

List 4 signs of decompensated liver failure / portal hypertension

A

Encephalopathy
Ascites
Variceal bleeds
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

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20
Q

Name 3 types of microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia

A

DIC - disseminated intravascular coagulation
HUS - haemolytic ureic syndrome
TTP - thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura

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21
Q

List blood results indicative of DIC

A

Low platelets and fibrinogen
Raised PT and APTT
Raised D dimer and fibrin degradation products

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22
Q

List 3 blood features of HUS

A

Haemolysis (Low Hb, high BR)
Uraemia
Low platelets

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23
Q

What constitutes TTP?

A

HUS + fever + neuro Sx

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24
Q

Categorise and list causes of haemolytic anaemia

A 
Hereditary = spherocytosis, G6PD deficiency, sickle cell, thalassaemia 
Acquired = AI, drugs, infection, MAHA
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25
Q

What are valvulae coniventes?

A

Circular folds around SMALL bowel, which go all the way across

26
Q

What are haustra?

A

Lines on LARGE bowel that don’t go all the way across

27
Q

List 2 Sx of hyponatraemia

A

Cough and confusion

28
Q

List normal range of Na

A

135 - 145

29
Q

List normal range of K

A

3.5 - 4.5

30
Q

In principle, what causes hyponatreamia?

A

XS water due to XS ADH

31
Q

What is the first thing you must determine in a hyponatraemic pt?

A

Are they hypovolaemic or euvolaemic?

32
Q

What test can differentiate between hypovolaemia and euvolaemia?

A 
Hypo = low urine Na 
Eu = normal urine Na
33
Q

How do you investigate hyponatraemia?

A

Urinalysis
TFTs and SynthACTHen
CXR
CT head

34
Q

List 4 causes of SIADH

A

CNS pathology, lung pathology, drugs, cancers

35
Q

List 4 causes of oncholysis

A

Trauma
Fungal infection
Thyrotoxicosis
Psoriasis

36
Q

What are the first 2 investigation of someone with suspected DKA?

A

Cap BGC

Cap ketones

37
Q

List 3 metabolic complications of diabetes?

A

DKA, hypoglycaemia, hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state (HHS)

38
Q

List 2 signs of pericarditis

A

Pericardial rub - “scratchy sound”

Widespread ST depression on ECG

39
Q

Deep S wave and tall R wave = …

A

Left ventricular hypertrophy

40
Q

What murmur is heard in LV hypertrophy? Why?

A

Ejection systolic - aortic stenosis

41
Q

What test do you order if someone presents with blood in urine?

A

CT KUB - look for stones etc

42
Q

High Ca, Low PTH, Normal ALP, backache =

A

Multiple myeloma

43
Q

A raised Ca with low PTH always = …

A

Malignancy

44
Q

Where is ALP made?

A

Bone and liver

45
Q

What does raised ALP indicate?

A

Obstructive liver disease

Bone disease

46
Q

List 4 manifestations of multiple myeloma

A 
CRAB 
Calcium 
Renal 
Anaemia 
Bone pain
47
Q

What is a breast lump in a young woman likely to be?

A

Fibroadenoma

48
Q

What does an air fluid level on CXR indicate?

A

Cavitating lesion

49
Q

List 4 causes with examples, of cavitating lesions

A

Infection - TB, staph, klebsiella
Inflammation - RA
Infarction - PE
Malignancy

50
Q

A patient with low serum albumin will have what Sx clinically?

A

Oedema

51
Q

Red dots on lips / mouth + recurrent bleeds = ?

A

Hereditary telangiectasia

52
Q

Where does telangiectasia affect?

A

BVs in skin, mucous membranes, lung, liver, brain

53
Q

Low Na, high K, low cortisol = ?

A

Adrenal insufficiency

54
Q

High prolactin, low testosterone, low LH/FSH = ?

A

Prolactinoma

55
Q

High prolactin, high IGF-1, failure to suppress GH in glucose suppression test = ?

A

Acromegaly

56
Q

Low estradiol, high FSH/LH = ?

A

Premature ovarian insufficiency

57
Q

Low T4, high TSH, high prolactin = ?

A

Hypothyroidism

58
Q

Why does prolactin increase in hypothyroidism?

A

TRH stimulates prolactin

59
Q

List the triad of Sx in nephrotic syndrome?

A

Proteiunuia, hypoalbuminaemia, oedema

60
Q

What causes nephrotic syndrome?

A

Increased permeability of GBM to proteins

Lottie's DPD 1 (27 decks)

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