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Lottie's DPD 1 > Amir Sam 5 - Mixed > Flashcards

Amir Sam 5 - Mixed Flashcards

1
Q

What do fine crepitations indicate?

A

Heart failure

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2
Q

What do coarse crepitations and bronchial breathing indicate?

A

Pneumonia

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3
Q

What is the treatment for pnuemonia?

A

Amoxicillin and clarithromycin

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4
Q

Why are 2 antibiotics used in the treatment for pneumonia?

A

Amoxicillin - for strep pneumoniae

Clarithromycin for atypical pneumonia organisms

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5
Q

List 3 non typical organisms that cause pneumonia

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Chlamydia pneumoniae
Legionella pneumophillia

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6
Q

What is the Ix for microcytic anaemia and dyspepsia?

A

OGD

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7
Q

List 3 Ix for microcytic anaemia

A

Haematinics - Vit B12, folate
Coeliac screen - TTG and anti E AB
OGD / colonoscopy

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8
Q

How is coeliacs diagnosed?

A

OGD with duodenal biopsy –> villous atrophy

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9
Q

What 2 tests must be done preliminarily in bloody diarrhoea?

A

Stool test for C.diff and cultures

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10
Q

What is the Tx for SVT?

A

Adenosine

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11
Q

What is the Tx for palpitations secondary to AF?

A

DC cardio version

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12
Q

What happens if someone is having an AF flare up >48hrs?

A

Anticoagulate and control rate

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13
Q

What is Tx for VT?

A

Amiodarone

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14
Q

What is the Tx for arrhythmias?

A

Digoxin / metoprolol

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15
Q

What is Trousseau’s sign?

A

Sign on legs indicating pancreatic cancer

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16
Q

What is Troisier’s sign?

A

Presence of Virchows node

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17
Q

What is Virchows node?

A

L Supraclavicular lymphadenopathy

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18
Q

What is Grey Turner’s sign?

A

Bruising around umbilicus

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19
Q

List 4 signs of decompensated liver failure / portal hypertension

A

Encephalopathy
Ascites
Variceal bleeds
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

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20
Q

Name 3 types of microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia

A

DIC - disseminated intravascular coagulation
HUS - haemolytic ureic syndrome
TTP - thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura

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21
Q

List blood results indicative of DIC

A

Low platelets and fibrinogen
Raised PT and APTT
Raised D dimer and fibrin degradation products

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22
Q

List 3 blood features of HUS

A

Haemolysis (Low Hb, high BR)
Uraemia
Low platelets

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23
Q

What constitutes TTP?

A

HUS + fever + neuro Sx

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24
Q

Categorise and list causes of haemolytic anaemia

A 
Hereditary = spherocytosis, G6PD deficiency, sickle cell, thalassaemia 
Acquired = AI, drugs, infection, MAHA
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25
What are valvulae coniventes?
Circular folds around SMALL bowel, which go all the way across
26
What are haustra?
Lines on LARGE bowel that don't go all the way across
27
List 2 Sx of hyponatraemia
Cough and confusion
28
List normal range of Na
135 - 145
29
List normal range of K
3.5 - 4.5
30
In principle, what causes hyponatreamia?
XS water due to XS ADH
31
What is the first thing you must determine in a hyponatraemic pt?
Are they hypovolaemic or euvolaemic?
32
What test can differentiate between hypovolaemia and euvolaemia?
``` Hypo = low urine Na Eu = normal urine Na ```
33
How do you investigate hyponatraemia?
Urinalysis TFTs and SynthACTHen CXR CT head
34
List 4 causes of SIADH
CNS pathology, lung pathology, drugs, cancers
35
List 4 causes of oncholysis
Trauma Fungal infection Thyrotoxicosis Psoriasis
36
What are the first 2 investigation of someone with suspected DKA?
Cap BGC | Cap ketones
37
List 3 metabolic complications of diabetes?
DKA, hypoglycaemia, hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state (HHS)
38
List 2 signs of pericarditis
Pericardial rub - "scratchy sound" | Widespread ST depression on ECG
39
Deep S wave and tall R wave = ...
Left ventricular hypertrophy
40
What murmur is heard in LV hypertrophy? Why?
Ejection systolic - aortic stenosis
41
What test do you order if someone presents with blood in urine?
CT KUB - look for stones etc
42
High Ca, Low PTH, Normal ALP, backache =
Multiple myeloma
43
A raised Ca with low PTH always = ...
Malignancy
44
Where is ALP made?
Bone and liver
45
What does raised ALP indicate?
Obstructive liver disease | Bone disease
46
List 4 manifestations of multiple myeloma
``` CRAB Calcium Renal Anaemia Bone pain ```
47
What is a breast lump in a young woman likely to be?
Fibroadenoma
48
What does an air fluid level on CXR indicate?
Cavitating lesion
49
List 4 causes with examples, of cavitating lesions
Infection - TB, staph, klebsiella Inflammation - RA Infarction - PE Malignancy
50
A patient with low serum albumin will have what Sx clinically?
Oedema
51
Red dots on lips / mouth + recurrent bleeds = ?
Hereditary telangiectasia
52
Where does telangiectasia affect?
BVs in skin, mucous membranes, lung, liver, brain
53
Low Na, high K, low cortisol = ?
Adrenal insufficiency
54
High prolactin, low testosterone, low LH/FSH = ?
Prolactinoma
55
High prolactin, high IGF-1, failure to suppress GH in glucose suppression test = ?
Acromegaly
56
Low estradiol, high FSH/LH = ?
Premature ovarian insufficiency
57
Low T4, high TSH, high prolactin = ?
Hypothyroidism
58
Why does prolactin increase in hypothyroidism?
TRH stimulates prolactin
59
List the triad of Sx in nephrotic syndrome?
Proteiunuia, hypoalbuminaemia, oedema
60
What causes nephrotic syndrome?
Increased permeability of GBM to proteins

Lottie's DPD 1 (27 decks)

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