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Lottie's DPD 1 > Amir Sam 6 - Haem & Endo > Flashcards

Amir Sam 6 - Haem & Endo Flashcards

1
Q

Give 6 signs of immediate transfusion reaction (haemolysis)

A 
Fever
Rigor 
Raised BR 
Low BP 
Chest pain 
Dark urine
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2
Q

What is a high RBC count called?

A

Polycythaemia

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3
Q

What is a low RBC count called?

A

Anaemia

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4
Q

What is a high platelet count called?

A

Thrombocytosis

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5
Q

What is a low platelet count called?

A

Thrombocytopenia

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6
Q

What causes a high WCC?

A

Malignancy or infection

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7
Q

List 2 causes of microcytic anaemia

A

Iron deficiency

Beta thalassaemia

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8
Q

List a common cause of normocytic anaemia

A

Chronic disease

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9
Q

What is the ferritin level in chronic disease and why?

A

High - its an acute phase protein

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10
Q

List 5 causes of macrocytic anaemia

A 
"Alcoholics may have liver failure" 
Alcohol 
Myelodisplasia 
Hypothyroidism 
Liver disease
Folate / B12 deficiency
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11
Q

List Sx of polycythaemia

A

Headache, prutitis, blurred vision, tinnitus, thrombosis, gangrene and choreiform movements

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12
Q

List 4 types of sickle cell crises

A

Acute painful crisis
Stroke
Sequestration crisis
Gallstones / chronic cholecystitis

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13
Q

How do you treat an acutely painful sickle cell crisis?

A

Analgesia, O2, IV fluids, Abx

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14
Q

What is a sequestion crisis?

A

Pooling of RBCs in an organ, eg lungs or spleen

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15
Q

What are the effects of multiple myeloma?

A 
CRAB 
Calcium 
Renal 
Anaemia 
Bone
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16
Q

What are hypercalcaemia symptoms?

A

Stones, bones, abdominal moans and psychic groans

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17
Q

What is the ALP level in multiple myeloma?

A

Normal

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18
Q

What does anaemia + high reticulocyte count indicate?

A

Haemolytic crisis or haemorrhage

19
Q

What does anaemia + low reticulocyte count indicate?

A

Aplastic crisis in sickle cell
Blood transfusion
Parvovirus B19 infection

20
Q

What are the numerical definitions of diabetes?

A

Fasting glucose > 7

Random glucose > 11

21
Q

How do you test diabetes and what is the result?

A

Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) - give 75g oral glucose and after 2hrs, they will still have 7.8-11. (Impaired glucose tolerance)

22
Q

PC = weight loss but good appetite, irritable, palpitations, irregular periods.
Dx?

A

Graves disease (hyperthyroidism)

23
Q

What would you find O/E in Graves disease?

A

Tremor, proptosis / exophthalmus, smooth goitre, pretibial myxoedema

24
Q

Describe the TFT results in Graves disease

A

Raised T3/4

Low TSH

25
Q

What causes the Sx in Graves?

A

TSH receptor ABs which bind to receptor and stimulate it.

26
Q

Are TPO ABs specific to Graves?

A

No - they are present but not specific

27
Q

Which ABs are specific to Graves?

A

TSH R ABs

28
Q

What would a radioidonine thyroid scan show in Graves?

A

Diffuse uptake

29
Q

List risks of developing thyroid cancer

A

Radiation, FHx, rapid enlargement / compression, lymphadenopathy

30
Q

What would a thyroid uptake scan show in thyroid cancer?

A

Cold nodules

31
Q

What causes bitemptoral hemianopia?

A

Pituitary tumour compressing optic chiasm

32
Q

Amenorrhoea, galactorrhoea, bitemporal hemianopia.

Dx?

A

Prolactinoma

33
Q

What is the treatment for prolactinoma?

A

Cabergoline

34
Q

OSA and snoring, carpal tunnel syndrome, big hands.

Dx?

A

Acromegaly

35
Q

List Ix for acromegaly with + results

A

IGF1 - high

OFTT - GH not suppressed

36
Q

Weakness, arrhythmia, polyuria.

Dx?

A

Hypokalaemia

37
Q

List causes of hypokalaemia

A

Vomitting, diuretics, primary hypoaldosteronism

38
Q

Low Ca, Low PO43, High PTH

Dx?

A

Vit D deficiency

39
Q

List pre renal causes of AKI

A

Hypovolaemia, sepsis

40
Q

List renal causes of AKI

A

Drugs, glomerulonephritis

41
Q

List post renal causes of AKI

A

Obstruction

42
Q

What is the most important thing to remember in treatment of renal artery stenosis?

A

Do not give ACEi !!!!

43
Q

What is a bone manifestation of psoriasis and where is it?

A

Arthritis - affecting distal interphalangeal joints

Lottie's DPD 1 (27 decks)

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