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Lottie's DPD 1 > Amir Sam 6 - Haem & Endo > Flashcards

Amir Sam 6 - Haem & Endo Flashcards

1
Q

Give 6 signs of immediate transfusion reaction (haemolysis)

A 
Fever
Rigor 
Raised BR 
Low BP 
Chest pain 
Dark urine
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2
Q

What is a high RBC count called?

A

Polycythaemia

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3
Q

What is a low RBC count called?

A

Anaemia

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4
Q

What is a high platelet count called?

A

Thrombocytosis

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5
Q

What is a low platelet count called?

A

Thrombocytopenia

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6
Q

What causes a high WCC?

A

Malignancy or infection

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7
Q

List 2 causes of microcytic anaemia

A

Iron deficiency

Beta thalassaemia

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8
Q

List a common cause of normocytic anaemia

A

Chronic disease

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9
Q

What is the ferritin level in chronic disease and why?

A

High - its an acute phase protein

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10
Q

List 5 causes of macrocytic anaemia

A 
"Alcoholics may have liver failure" 
Alcohol 
Myelodisplasia 
Hypothyroidism 
Liver disease
Folate / B12 deficiency
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11
Q

List Sx of polycythaemia

A

Headache, prutitis, blurred vision, tinnitus, thrombosis, gangrene and choreiform movements

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12
Q

List 4 types of sickle cell crises

A

Acute painful crisis
Stroke
Sequestration crisis
Gallstones / chronic cholecystitis

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13
Q

How do you treat an acutely painful sickle cell crisis?

A

Analgesia, O2, IV fluids, Abx

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14
Q

What is a sequestion crisis?

A

Pooling of RBCs in an organ, eg lungs or spleen

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15
Q

What are the effects of multiple myeloma?

A 
CRAB 
Calcium 
Renal 
Anaemia 
Bone
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16
Q

What are hypercalcaemia symptoms?

A

Stones, bones, abdominal moans and psychic groans

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17
Q

What is the ALP level in multiple myeloma?

A

Normal

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18
Q

What does anaemia + high reticulocyte count indicate?

A

Haemolytic crisis or haemorrhage

19
Q

What does anaemia + low reticulocyte count indicate?

A

Aplastic crisis in sickle cell
Blood transfusion
Parvovirus B19 infection

20
Q

What are the numerical definitions of diabetes?

A

Fasting glucose > 7

Random glucose > 11

21
Q

How do you test diabetes and what is the result?

A

Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) - give 75g oral glucose and after 2hrs, they will still have 7.8-11. (Impaired glucose tolerance)

22
Q

PC = weight loss but good appetite, irritable, palpitations, irregular periods.
Dx?

A

Graves disease (hyperthyroidism)

23
Q

What would you find O/E in Graves disease?

A

Tremor, proptosis / exophthalmus, smooth goitre, pretibial myxoedema

24
Q

Describe the TFT results in Graves disease

A

Raised T3/4

Low TSH

25
What causes the Sx in Graves?
TSH receptor ABs which bind to receptor and stimulate it.
26
Are TPO ABs specific to Graves?
No - they are present but not specific
27
Which ABs are specific to Graves?
TSH R ABs
28
What would a radioidonine thyroid scan show in Graves?
Diffuse uptake
29
List risks of developing thyroid cancer
Radiation, FHx, rapid enlargement / compression, lymphadenopathy
30
What would a thyroid uptake scan show in thyroid cancer?
Cold nodules
31
What causes bitemptoral hemianopia?
Pituitary tumour compressing optic chiasm
32
Amenorrhoea, galactorrhoea, bitemporal hemianopia. | Dx?
Prolactinoma
33
What is the treatment for prolactinoma?
Cabergoline
34
OSA and snoring, carpal tunnel syndrome, big hands. | Dx?
Acromegaly
35
List Ix for acromegaly with + results
IGF1 - high | OFTT - GH not suppressed
36
Weakness, arrhythmia, polyuria. | Dx?
Hypokalaemia
37
List causes of hypokalaemia
Vomitting, diuretics, primary hypoaldosteronism
38
Low Ca, Low PO43, High PTH | Dx?
Vit D deficiency
39
List pre renal causes of AKI
Hypovolaemia, sepsis
40
List renal causes of AKI
Drugs, glomerulonephritis
41
List post renal causes of AKI
Obstruction
42
What is the most important thing to remember in treatment of renal artery stenosis?
Do not give ACEi !!!!
43
What is a bone manifestation of psoriasis and where is it?
Arthritis - affecting distal interphalangeal joints

Lottie's DPD 1 (27 decks)

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