Fundamentals of Histology Flashcards
Describe the appearance of neutrophils
Polylobated nuclei
What are neutrophils associated with?
Acute inflammation
What are lymphocytes and plasma cells associated with ?
Chronic inflammation and lymphomas
How are lymphomas differentiated from chronic inflammation?
Lymphomas have monoclonal lymphocytes in sheets
What do eosinophils look like?
Bi-lobed nuclei with red granules
What 3 things are eosinophils associated with?
Allergic reactions, parasitic infections and tumours such as Hodgkins lymphoma
Describe appearance of mast cells
Granulated with large nuclei
What conditions are mast cells associated with in the skin?
Urticaria
What do macrophages look like?
Lots of cytoplasm
What are macrophages associated with?
Phagocytosis!!
Late acute inflammation and chronic inflammation
GRANULOMAS
What is characteristic of TB histologically?
Granulomas
Describe how macrophages change in granulomas
Become secretory so have more cytoplasm to accommodate this - start looking like epithelium so called epithelioid macrophages
Name 3 types of carcinoma
SCC
Adenocarcinoma
Transitional cell carcinoma
Name 2 histological features of SCC?
Keratin producing
Intercellular bridges
Where is SCC found?
Anywhere with squamous epithelium
Skin, cervix, vagina, anus, oesophagus, head and neck
Name 2 histological features of adenocarcinoma
Mucin producing
Form glands
What type of epithelium does adenocarcinoma come from?
Glandular
Where is adenocarcinoma found?
Breast, lung, colon, pancreas
most common cancer in the body
Where is transitional cell carcinoma found?
Ureters, bladder and proximal urethra
How can you tell a melanoma from other cancers?
Produces melanin
Name 2 categories of staining
Histochemical
Immunohistochemical
What is histochemical staining?
Chemical reactions between stain and tissue
Name 2 types of histochemical stain and what they show
Congo red - amyloid
Prussian blue - iron
What is immunohistochemical staining?
AB stains to Ag tissue
