Pathology

Question 1

The following statements regarding female infertility are TRUE

Answer 1

• estrogen levels being too high or too low could impact on fertility
• inability to achieve pregnancy after a year or more of regular unprotected intercourse
• can be due to a malfunction along the HPG (gonadal) axis
• can be due to endometriosis, pelvic infection, nutritional deficiencies and stress, uterine fibroids/cysts
  (PCOS), anatomical malfunctions, underweight (10% or less of body fat), excessive exercise
• can also develop antibodies to partner’s sperm
• UA(ED) and OA thyroid (fast estrogen turnover)

Question 2

The following would most likely aggravate herpes simplex lesions?

Answer 2

Foods high in arginine - Chocolate, nuts, beer, sugar, peanuts, sesame seeds, meat, gelatin, soy –
arginine suppresses lysine (the aa needed to retard viral growth)
Increase foods with high lysine-arginine ratio: many types of fish – also lysine is found in eggs, dairy
products, yeast, poultry, and meat. Kiwi fruit is also less likely to aggravate lesions

Question 3

Recommendations for a person with endometriosis:

Answer 3

• avoid exposure to xenoestrogens
• increase intake of phytoestrogens
• increase intake of ground flax seeds
• treat dysbiosis
• exercise regularly

Question 4

Stressors on the immune system:

Answer 4

• consuming foods that you are sensitive to
• being deficient in antioxidants
• smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol
• insufficient sleep

Question 5

supplement recommendations to someone with constipation:

Answer 5

• avoid dairy products
• supplement with vitamin C, B5 (high dose can have laxative effect)
• sup with magnesium – relaxes smooth muscles of the gut
• increase fiber
• Aloe vera softens the stool, heals and cleanses the gut mucosa

Question 6

Factors that impair the healing of an injured body part:

Answer 6

• poor circulation to the injured tissue
• excess cortisol
• lack of nutrients
• being over the age of seventy (70) years
  Healing is supported by – RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation) – critical nutrients are Zn, Vits A, C, E,
  protein, EFAs, enzymes – most critical window is first 6-8 weeks.

Question 7

Hypertension could be aggravated by:

Answer 7

artificial sweeteners, MSG, stimulants, alcohol and sugar (sugar
and high GI foods can lead to insulin resistance and unstable BS. This results in release of epinephrine,
which will raise BP. Sugar is very bioactive and produces many free radicals during its metabolism.

Question 8

In a treatment protocol for eczema, you could include:

Answer 8

• avoid food sensitivities
• zinc supplementation (sufferers often have high copper levels)
• essential fatty acids
• increase fibre intake

Question 9

The following would be appropriate for someone with Crohns disease:

Answer 9

• probiotics – taken in liquid or powder form (unsweetened) to improve absorbability
• antioxidants
• glutamine
• chlorophyll
• EFA’s (important for every cell membrane in the body, essential for health of immune system, and esp
  are anti-inflammatory, particularly the omega 3s)
• avoid raw foods during flare ups

Question 10

Migraine sufferers are best to avoid the following due to tyramine content?

Answer 10

• beer
• cheese
• red wine
• chocolate

Question 11

Hypochlorhydria can be improved by taking/eating any of following with meals:

Answer 11

• HCL supplements
• lemon water
• apple cider vinegar
• bitter greens

Question 12

All of the following are true about osteoporosis:

Answer 12

• it is a condition of decreased bone mass
• magnesium helps calcification of the bones
• vitamin D aids in calcium absorption and utilization
• tai chi may aid in increasing bone mass

Question 13

Define Pathology.

Answer 13

The study of disease.

Question 14

Why is a diabetic more susceptible to injury and gait imbalances?

Answer 14

Glucose binds to the myelin sheath that surrounds nerves, which contributes to the degeneration of nervous functioning in the body.
This can cause loss of touch and position sense, making it easy for a diabetic to get injured and also affect gait.

Question 15

A deficiency in which nutrient may cause low levels of T3 hormone in the body and why?

Answer 15

Selenium because it is needed to convert T4 to T3 (the more active form of the hormone) and may play a
minor role in the manufacture of thyroid hormones.

Question 16

Which two body organs cannot cope well with the drop of blood glucose associated with
hypoglycaemia?

Answer 16

The brain and the eye retina.

Question 17

Define Arteriosclerosis

Answer 17

A group of diseases characterized by thickening and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls.

Question 18

Carol just found out that she is at high risk for breast cancer. Give Carol three lifestyle (not dietary)
changes that she can implement now to support her body in prevention.

Answer 18

1. Treat dysbiosis or candidiasis, which can manufacture sterols that fit into estrogen receptors.
2. Ensure regular bowel function and good liver function so that estrogen can be conjugated, secreted
   into the bile and excreted from the body.
3. Avoid xenoestrogens, which fit into estrogen receptors and switch them on.
   Also - regular sleep, consistent exercise, castor oil packs - but not with active cancer, cleansing, reduce
   stress and practice stress management, treat dysbiosis, cleanse the liver, gut, lymph and skin, strengthen
   gut mucosa

Question 19

Essential fatty acids can be a good addition to the diet of someone suffering from breast cancer.

Answer 19

However, they must be “properly handled”. What does this mean?
That they have not been subjected to heat, light or oxygen.

Question 20

what factors can contribute to an osteoporotic loss of bone.

Answer 20

1. Low levels of vitamin B6, folic acid and B12 will interfere with bone collagen formation.

Question 21

Stress, stimulants like caffeine, and episodes of hypoglycemia will all impact the ability to:

Answer 21

maintain good bones because epinephrine shunts blood away from the digestive tract and shuts down digestion. Epinephrine and caffeine also have the effect of washing minerals like calcium out in the urine.

Question 22

Digestion and absorption are important factors. An underactive stomach will result in difficulties
absorbing:

Answer 22

calcium because it is the acidity that makes it soluble and ionically correct for absorption.

Question 23

Briefly describe the alternating oil protocol for use in hormone balancing:

Answer 23

Alternating flax seed oil and evening primrose oil can be used to help balance female reproductive
hormones. Flax seed oil can be given from day 1 (1st day of menstrual flow) until day 14 to support
estrogen production and evening primrose oil can be given from day 15 until flow resumes (day 28) to
support progesterone production. Resume flax seed oil each time menses resumes, regardless of length
of cycle.
OR fish oil from day 1-14 and evening primrose from day 15 to end cycle (usually 28 days)
This can also be done with seed cycling:
Fresh ground raw flax and pumpkin seeds taken daily from 1 st day of menstrual flow Day 14 switch to
freshly ground raw sesame and sunflower seeds until menstrual flow begins again (usually day 28)

Question 24

Name 4 common problem foods for adult migraine sufferers.

Answer 24

Fermented food, molds on foods, marinades, nitrates, sulphites, red wine, MSG, figs, dates, raisins,
chocolate, nuts, cheeses, sour cream, dairy, citrus fruit.
Wheat may cause migraines - but it is not on the “most common list”

Question 25

List 5 vitamins and minerals to include in supporting an allergic individual.

Answer 25

1. B complex, including especially B5, B6 and B2
2. Vitamin A (to strengthen mucous membranes)
3. Vitamin C with bioflavonoids (in high doses to stabilize mast cells)
4. Magnesium (has antihistamine effect)
5. Zinc (for thymus function)

Question 26

List 5 conditions that may be associated with estrogen dominance.

Answer 26

1. Uterine fibroids
2. Ovarian cysts (and PCOS)
3. Fibrocystic breasts
4. Breast cancer
5. Endometriosis

Question 27

Name 5 possible nutrient deficiencies that may be associated with subclinical hypothyroidism.

Answer 27

Iodine, essential fatty acids, manganese, zinc, iron.

Question 28

List 6 nutrients that will support Phase II liver detoxification.

Answer 28

Cysteine, glycine, glutathione, N-acetyl cysteine, taurine, vitamin B complex.

Question 29

List 6 supplements that may help to shrink breast fibroadenomas.

Answer 29

Vitamin A, alpha-lipoic acid, vitamin B6, coenzyme Q10. selenium, silica,

Question 30

List 8 signs and/or symptoms that a male might be deficient in testosterone.

Answer 30

1. Erectile dysfunction, infertility, loss of sex drive
2. Aches and pains, weakness, fatigue, muscle wasting, insomnia
3. Constipation and indigestion
4. Heart disease
5. Hair loss
6. Benign prostatic hypertrophy
7. Weight gain especially around the waist and under chin
8. Anxiety, depression, poor concentration and memory, loss of interest and bad temper.