Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
The Parasympathetic (rest and digest) division is most active when
the body is at rest and not
threatened in any way.
The sympathetic (fight or flight) division is most active when
we are excited or find ourselves in
emergency or threatening situations.
How many processes summarize the overview of the gastrointestinal activities?
6
1. Ingestion
2. Propulsion (squeezing the food along the digestive tract)
3. Food breakdown (mechanical) – chewing of food and churning in stomach and segmentation in the
small intestine.
4. Food breakdown (digestion) – where large food molecules are chemically broken down to their
building blocks by enzymes (protein molecules that act as catalysts).
5. Absorption – transport of digestive end products from the lumen of the digestive tract to the blood
or lymph. Small intestine is the major absorptive site.
6. Defecation
The function of the lymphatic system includes:
Returning leaked plasma to the blood vessels after
cleaning it of bacteria
Kidney inflammation, is also known as
pyelonephritis
The following organ systems is responsible for picking up fluid leaked from blood vessels and
returning it to the blood:
Lymphatic
Homeostasis describes the body
as ability to maintain a relatively stable internal condition
When blood becomes too acidic and the breath takes on a fruity odor this is called ?
acidosis or
ketoacidosis.
The innate and adaptive defense systems collectively make up the?
immune system.
Sweat glands are found in which glandular system:
exocrine system
The small intestine is comprised of three subsections:
the duodenum, jejunum and ileum.
For blood to become very acidic (ketosis) what must happen?
Large amounts of fat (instead of sugars) are used for energy
After a carbohydrate-rich meal glucose molecules are removed from the blood and combined to
form ?
glycogen which is stored in the liver.
The study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts and their relationships to one another
is defined as:
anatomy
Most nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine, through the intestinal cell plasma membranes, by
the process of:
active transport
The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system mobilizes the body during
extreme situations (such as fear, exercise or rage).
What are the 6 levels of structural organization of the human body in order of increasing
complexity?
chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organismal
What cannot be broken down by bodily enzymes?
Cellulose
In external respiration, gas exchanges are occurring Between
the blood and body exterior
A possible cause of glucose as a urinary constituent is
Excessive intake of sugary foods
Hormones are
chemical substances that are secreted by the endocrine cells and regulate the
metabolic activity of other cells in the body.
The major endocrine organs of the body tend to lie near
the midline of the body
They include the pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas, gonads
The gallbladder is a small, thin-walled green sac found in
the inferior surface of the Liver.
The alimentary canal is also called the
Gastrointestinal tract.
