Pathology Flashcards
Enneking staging system description.
I - low grade II - high grade III - metastatic A - intracompartmental B - extracompartmental
This tumor characteristic is most strongly correlated with potential for metastasis.
Grade.
Immunostain CD1A and S100.
Langerhans cell histocytosis.
Immunostain CD20.
Lymphoma.
Immunostain CD99.
Ewing sarcoma.
Immunostain Keratin and S100.
Chordoma.
Immunostain CD138.
Myeloma.
Immunostain Keratin.
Adamantainoma.
Rb.
Osteosarcoma.
t(12;16)
Myxoid liposarcoma.
t(11;22)
Ewing sarcoma
t(X;18)
Synovial sarcoma.
t(9;22)
Myxoid chondrosarcoma.
t(1;13)
Rhabdomyosarcoma.
Melanocytic hamartomas of the iris.
Lisch nodules.
The most common pediatric sarcoma.
Rhabdomyosarcoma.
SYT-SSX1.
Synovial sarcoma.
SYT-SSX2.
Synovial sarcoma.
Degree of response to non-surgical NSAID tx for osteoid osteoma.
50% respond w/o surgery.
Chemotherapeutic agents used for osteosarcoma (2).
- Doxorubicin
2. Methotrexate
Doxorubicin side effect.
Cardiac toxicity.
Most common site of osteosarcoma metastasis.
Lung.
Second most common site of osteosarcoma metastasis
Bone
Osteosarcoma is associated with abnormalities in these tumor suppressor genes (2).
- Rb (Retinoblastoma)
2. p53 (Li-Fraumeni)
Most osteosarcomas present as this stage.
IIB (high grade, extracompartmental)
Most common site of parosteal osteosarcoma.
Posterior distal femur.
Treatment of parosteal osteosarcoma.
Wide resection. Chemotherapy not required.
Multiple enchondromas.
Ollier disease.
Multiple enchondromas with hemangiomas.
Maffucci syndrome.
Risk of malignancy with Ollier disease.
30%.
Risk of malignancy with Maffucci syndrome.
100%
Inheritance of multiple hereditary exostoses.
Autosomal dominant.
Risk of malignancy with MHE.
10%.
Mutation in this gene is associated with MHE.
EXT1 and EXT2.
EXT1 or EXT2 has greater burden of disease and greater risk of malignancy?
EXT1
Location of chondroblastoma.
Epiphysis.
Chondroblastoma treatment.
Curretage and bone grafting.
Chondroblastoma may metastasize here.
Lung.
Treatment of chondromyxoid fibroma.
Curettage and grafting.
Treatment of chondrosarcoma.
Wide resection. No chemo or radiation tx.
Treatment of de-differentiated chondrosarcoma.
Wide resection and chemotherapy.
Most malignant cartilage tumor.
De-differentiated chondrosarcoma.
Malignant neoplasm derived from cells of primritive notochordal tissue.
Chordoma.
Physaliferous cells.
Chordoma.
Treatment of chordoma.
Wide resection.
Common osseous location of hemangiomas.
Vertebral bodies.
Most common axial location of giant cell tumors.
Sacrum.
Purely lytic lesion in metaphysis that extends into the epiphysis in patient with closed physes.
Giant cell tumor of bone.
Treatment of giant cell tumor of bone.
Curettage with chemical cauterization and grafting or PMMA.
Differential diagnosis for small round blue cell tumor in children (2).
Neuroblastoma or Ewing sarcoma.
Ewing sarcoma may be confused with.
Osteomyelitis.
For Ewing sarcoma this procedure is needed for staging purposes.
Bone marrow biopsy.
Low-grade, malignant tumor of long bones that contain epithelium-like islands of cells.
Adamantinoma.
Treatment of adamantinoma.
Wide resection.
Cavernous blood-filled spaces without endothelial lining.
Aneurysmal bone cyst.
When simple bone cyst abuts the physeal plate.
Active UBC.
When simple bone cyst is separate by physis by normal bone.
Laten UBC.
Genetic mutation of fibrous dysplasia.
Activating mutation of a surface G-protein.
Genetic mutation of fibrous dysplasia results in increased production of this.
cAMP.
Ground glass.
Fibrous dysplasia.
This type of grafting is not used in fibrous dysplasia.
Autogenous cancellous grafting.
Medical therapy for fibrous dysplasia.
Bisphosphonates.
PTHrP stimulates the release of this.
RANKL.
Which gene is involved in etiology of aneurysmal bone cysts?
USP6
AJCC staging system for bone malignancies.
IA, IB, IIA, IIB, III, IVA, IVB.
AJCC staging system, IA stage.
Low grade, size < 8cm, any depth, no mets.
AJCC staging system, IB stage.
Low grade, size > 8cm, any depth, no mets.
AJCC staging system IIA stage.
High grade, size < 8cm, any depth, no mets.
AJCC staging system, IIB stage.
High grade, size < 8cm, superficial, no mets.
AJCC staging system, III.
Any grade, discontinuous (skip) lesions, deep, no mets.
AJCC staging system, IVA.
Any grade, any size, deep, lung mets only.
AJCC staging system IVB.
Any grade, any size, any depth, mets other than lung.
Differentiates benign lipoma from atypical lipomatous tumor
Ring chromosome (MDM2) on cytogenetic testing.
Any necessary contraindication to XRT after THA or hemi after metastatic pathologic femoral neck fx?
No contraindication.
Physaliferous cells.
Chordoma.
Treatment of chordoma.
Resection.
Chordoma is radiosensitive, true or false?
True.
For patients with metastatic disease, what should they be put on to reduce risk of pathologic fracture?
Bisphosphonates.
t(17;22)
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.
CD34 immuostaining positivity.
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.
This tumor relies on PDGFB-Collagen-1 alpha gene fusion product.
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.
Nuclear beta-catenin staining positivity.
Desmoid tumor.
Anterior ankle structures from medial to lateral.
Tib ant, EHL, anterior tibial artery, deep peroneal nerve, E, EDL
