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ABOS Part I > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Human skeleton has ___ bones.

A

206

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2
Q

Number of bones in the axial skeleton.

A

80

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3
Q

Number of bones in appendicular skeleton.

A

126

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4
Q

First bone in body to ossify.

A

Clavicle.

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5
Q

Primary shoulder stabilizer in anterior translation with the arm abducted to 45 degrees.

A

Middle glenohumeral ligament.

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6
Q

Primary shoulder restraint in external rotation of the adducted arm.

A

Superior glenohumeral ligament.

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7
Q

Primary shoulder stabilizer for anterior and inferior translation in abduction.

A

Inferior glenohumeral ligament.

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8
Q

Intrinsic ligaments of the scapula (3).

A
  1. Superior transverse scapular ligament
  2. Inferior transverse scapular ligament
  3. Coracoacromial ligament
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9
Q

Muscles connecting the upper limb to the vertebral column (4).

A
  1. Trapezius
  2. Latissimus
  3. Rhomboid muscles
  4. Levator scapulae
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10
Q

Muscle connecting the upper limb to the thoracic wall (3).

A
  1. Pectoralis muscle
  2. Subclavius
  3. Serratus anterior
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11
Q

Roots contributing to the brachial plexus.

A

C5-T1

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12
Q

How cords of the brachial plexus are named.

A

Anatomic relationship to the axillary artery.

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13
Q

Brachial plexus lateral cord terminations (2).

A
  1. Musculocutaneous nerve
  2. Lateral pectoral nerve
  3. Median nerve
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14
Q

Brachial plexus posterior cord terminations (5).

A
  1. Radial nerve
  2. Axillary nerve
  3. Upper subscapular nerve
  4. Lower subscapular nerve
  5. Thoracodorsal nerve
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15
Q

Brachial plexus medial cord terminations (5).

A
  1. Ulnar nerve
  2. Medial pectoral nerve
  3. Medial brachial cutaneous nerve
  4. Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve
  5. Median nerve
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16
Q

Supraspinatus innervation.

A

Suprascapular nerve.

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17
Q

Infraspinatus innervation.

A

Suprascapular nerve.

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18
Q

Teres minor innervation.

A

Axillary nerve.

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19
Q

Subscapularis innervation.

A

Upper and lower subscapular nerves.

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20
Q

Suprascpular nerve roots.

A

C5,6

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21
Q

Axillary nerve roots.

A

C5,6

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22
Q

Erb-Duchenne palsy root involvement.

A

C5,6

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23
Q

Klumpke’s palsy root involvement.

A

C8,T1

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24
Q

Better prognosis, Erb-Duchenne palsy or Klumpke’s?

A

Erb-Duchenne

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25
Q

Serratus anterior muscle dysfunction results in this.

A

Medial scapular winging.

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26
Q

Trapezius muscle dysfunction results in this.

A

Lateral scapular winging.

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27
Q

Four branches of the thoracoacromial artery.

A
  1. Deltoid
  2. Acromial
  3. Pectoralis
  4. Clavicular
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28
Q

Two branches of axillary artery in Part II.

A
  1. Thoracoacromial

2. Lateral thoracic

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29
Q

Three branches of axillary artery in Part III.

A
  1. Subscapular
  2. Anterior humeral circumflex
  3. Posterior humeral circumflex
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30
Q

Subclavian artery becomes axillary artery here.

A

After passes under clavicle.

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31
Q

Relationship to this structure organizes classification of axillary artery.

A

Pectoralis minor.

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32
Q

Glenoid position relative to plane of scapula.

A

Retroverted 5 deg.

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33
Q

Spiral groove of humerus position relative to the articular surface of trochlea.

A

13cm proximal.

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34
Q

Strongest of all elbow ligaments.

A

Anterior bundle of medial ulnar collateral ligament.

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35
Q

Anterior bundle of medial ulnar collateral ligament taut during this range.

A

60 to full extension.

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36
Q

Components of the medial ulnar collateral ligament (3).

A
  1. Anterior bundle
  2. Transverse bundle
  3. Posterior bundle
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37
Q

Eponym of transverse bundle of ulnar collateral ligament.

A

Cooper.

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38
Q

This is the most important constraint against valgus force at the elbow.

A

Anterior bundle of medial ulnar collateral ligament.

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39
Q

Anterior bundle of ulnar collateral ligament attaches here.

A

18mm distal to tip of coronoid.

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40
Q

Deficiency of this results in posterolateral rotatory instability.

A

Lateral ulnar collateral ligament.

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41
Q

Borders of the quadrilateral space.

A
  1. Superior: teres minor
  2. Lateral: surgical neck of humerus
  3. Medial: long head of triceps
  4. Inferior: teres major
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42
Q

Structures in the quadrilateral space (2).

A
  1. Axillary nerve

2. Posterior humeral circumflex artery

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43
Q

Borders of the triangular space.

A
  1. Superior: teres minor
  2. Lateral: long head of triceps
  3. Medial: teres major
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44
Q

Borders of the triangular interval.

A
  1. Superior: teres major
  2. Lateral: shaft of humerus
  3. Medial: long head of triceps
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45
Q

Structures in the triangular interval (2).

A
  1. Radial nerve

2. Profunda brachii artery

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46
Q

Structure in the triangular space.

A

Circumflex scapular artery.

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47
Q

Radial nerve pierces the lateral intermuscular septum here in relation to the trochlea.

A

7.5cm proximal to trochlea.

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48
Q

Median nerve accompanies this structure in the arm.

A

Brachial artery.

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49
Q

Termination of the musculocutanous nerve.

A

Lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve.

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50
Q

Brachial artery bifurcates into these (2).

A
  1. Radial artery

2. Ulnar artery

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51
Q

Kocher interval to elbow.

A

Between anconeus (radial n.) and ECU (PIN).

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52
Q

Portals for elbow arthroscopy (3).

A
  1. Anterolateral portal
  2. Anteromedial portal
  3. Posteromedial portal
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53
Q

Structure at risk with anterolateral arthroscopy portal of elbow.

A

Radial nerve.

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54
Q

Structure at risk with anteromedial arthroscopy portal of elbow (2)

A
  1. Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve

2. Median nerve

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55
Q

Distal radioulnar joint most stable in this position.

A

Supination.

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56
Q

Innervation of pronator teres.

A

Median nerve.

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57
Q

Innervation of flexor carpi radialis.

A

Median nerve.

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58
Q

Innervation of palmaris longus.

A

Median nerve.

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59
Q

Innervation of flexor carpi ulnaris.

A

Ulnar nerve.

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60
Q

Innervation flexor digitorum superficialis.

A

Median nerve.

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61
Q

Innervation of flexor digitorum profundus.

A

Median (AIN) and ulnar nerves

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62
Q

Innervation of flexor pollicis longus.

A

Median (AIN) nerve

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63
Q

Innervation of pronator quadratus.

A

Median (AIN) nerve

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64
Q

Innervation of brachioradialis.

A

Radial nerve.

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65
Q

Innervation of extensor carpi radialis longus.

A

Radial nerve.

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66
Q

Innervation of extensor carpi radlis brevis.

A

Radial nerve.

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67
Q

Innervation of anconeus.

A

Radial nerve.

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68
Q

Innervation of extensor digitorum.

A

PIN

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69
Q

Innervation of extensor digiti minimi.

A

PIN

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70
Q

Innervation of extensor carpi ulnaris.

A

PIN

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71
Q

Innervation of supinator.

A

PIN

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72
Q

Innervation of abductor pollicis longus.

A

PIN

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73
Q

Innervation of extensor pollicis brevis.

A

PIN

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74
Q

Innervation of extensor pollicis longus.

A

PIN

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75
Q

Innervation of extensor indicis proprius.

A

PIN

76
Q

This nerve splits the supinator.

A

PIN

77
Q

This nerve is located between the brachialis and brachioradialis.

A

Radial nerve

78
Q

This nerve is located between the brachioradialis and ECRL.

A

Superficial radial nerve.

79
Q

This nerve is located medial to the brachial artery at the elbow.

A

Median nerve.

80
Q

This nerve splits the pronator teres.

A

AIN

81
Q

This nerve is located between the FCU and FDP.

A

Ulnar nerve.

82
Q

The ulnar nerve enters the forearm at this region.

A

Between two heads of the FCU.

83
Q

Strongest supporting structure of the carpus.

A

Volar radiocarpal ligament.

84
Q

Dorsal wrist compartment I contents.

A

APL, EPB

85
Q

Dorsal wrist compartment II contents.

A

ECRL, ECRB

86
Q

Dorsal wrist compartment III contents.

A

EPL

87
Q

Dorsal wrist compartment IV contents.

A

EDC, EIP

88
Q

Dorsal wrist compartment V contents.

A

EDM

89
Q

Dorsal wrist compartment VI contents.

A

ECU

90
Q

The EPB is located _____ to the APL tendon.

A

ulnar

91
Q

This dorsal wrist tendon has multiple tendon slips.

A

APL

92
Q

The ECRL tendon is located ____ to the ECRB tendon.

A

Radial.

93
Q

The PIN is contained within the ____ dorsal wrist compartment.

A

IV

94
Q

The anatomic snuffbox is bordered by tendons of the ___ and ___ dorsal wrist compartments.

A
  1. First

2. Third

95
Q

Radial snuffbox border.

A

EPB tendon

96
Q

Ulnar snuffbox border.

A

EPL tendon

97
Q

The carpal tunnel contains ___ nerve and ____ tendons.

A

One nerve, Nine tendons.

98
Q

Most critical pulley.

A

A2

99
Q

This pulley is involved in trigger digits.

A

A1

100
Q

These pulleys originate from the palmar plates of joints.

A

A1, A3, A5 pulleys

101
Q

Innervation of abductor pollicis brevis.

A

Median nerve.

102
Q

Innervation of opponens pollicis.

A

Median nerve.

103
Q

Innervation of adductor pollicis.

A

Ulnar nerve.

104
Q

Innervation of dorsal interossei.

A

Ulnar nerve.

105
Q

Innervation of volar interossei.

A

Ulnar nerve.

106
Q

Interval of the dorsal approach to the wrist.

A

Between third and fourth dorsal compartments.

107
Q

Number of vertebrae.

A

33.

108
Q

Number of cervical vertebrae.

A

7.

109
Q

Number of thoracic vertebrae.

A

12.

110
Q

Number of lumbar vertebrae.

A

5.

111
Q

Spine level of mandible.

A

C2-3

112
Q

Spine level of hyoid cartilage.

A

C3

113
Q

Spine level of thyroid cartilage.

A

C4-5

114
Q

Spine level of cricoid cartilage.

A

C6

115
Q

Spine level of vertebra prominens.

A

C7

116
Q

Spine level of scapular spine.

A

T3

117
Q

Spine level of distal tip of scapula.

A

T7

118
Q

Spine level of iliac crest.

A

L4-5

119
Q

This spine articulation has highest percentage of neck flexion/extension.

A

Occiput-C1 articulation.

120
Q

This spine articulation is responsible for majority of neck rotation.

A

C1-2

121
Q

Carotid tubercle is found at this spine level.

A

C6

122
Q

Defect in the pars interarticularis.

A

Spondylolysis.

123
Q

Structures of anterior column of spine.

A

ALL, anterior 2/3 of annulus and vertebral body

124
Q

Structures of the middle column of spine.

A

Posterior 1/3 of annulus and vertebral body, PLL

125
Q

Structures of the posterior column of spine.

A

Pedicles, facets, facet capsules, spinous processes, interspinous ligaments, ligament flavum, supraspinous ligaments

126
Q

Major stabilizer of the atlantoaxial joint.

A

Transverse ligament.

127
Q

Annulus fibrosus composed of this type of collagen.

A

Type I.

128
Q

Central nucleus pulposus made of this type of collagen.

A

Type II.

129
Q

Intervertebral discs account for ____ of the total height of the spinal column

A

25%

130
Q

Platysma innervation.

A

Cranial nerve VII.

131
Q

Sternocleidomastoid muscle innervation.

A

Cranial nerve XI.

132
Q

Function of dorsal columns (3).

A
  1. Deep touch
  2. Proprioception
  3. Vibratory sense
133
Q

Dorsal columns: ascending or descending?

A

Ascending.

134
Q

Function of lateral spinothalamic tracts (2).

A
  1. Pain

2. Temperature

135
Q

Function of anterior spinothalamic tracts.

A

Light touch.

136
Q

Function of lateral corticospinal tract.

A

Voluntary motor.

137
Q

Lateral corticospinal tract: ascending or descending?

A

Descending.

138
Q

Biceps reflex neurologic level.

A

C5

139
Q

Brachioradialis reflex neurologic level.

A

C6

140
Q

Triceps reflex neurologic level.

A

C7

141
Q

Patellar reflex neurorogic level.

A

L4

142
Q

Achilles reflex neurologic level.

A

S1

143
Q

Deltoid muscle neurologic level.

A

C5

144
Q

Wrist extension neurologic level.

A

C6

145
Q

Wrist flexion neurologic level.

A

C7

146
Q

Finger flexion neurologic level.

A

C8

147
Q

Interossei neurologic level.

A

T1

148
Q

Tibialis anterior neurologic level.

A

L4

149
Q

Toe extensors neurologic level.

A

L5

150
Q

Distance of C1 spinous process to vertebral artery laterally.

A

2cm

151
Q

Supplies the interior 2/3 or anterior spinal cord.

A

Artery of Adamkiewicz

152
Q

Hip extension neurologic level.

A

S1

153
Q

Hip adduction neurologic level.

A

L2-4

154
Q

Hip abduction neurologic level.

A

L5

155
Q

Hip flexion neurologic level.

A

T12-L3

156
Q

Knee flexion neurologic level.

A

L5,S1

157
Q

Knee extension neurologic level.

A

L2-L4

158
Q

Ankle dorsiflexion neurologic level.

A

L4,5

159
Q

Ankle plantarflexion neurologic level.

A

S1,S2

160
Q

AIIS is the origin of these two structures.

A
  1. Rectus femoris

2. Iliofemoral ligament

161
Q

Inferior border of the greater sciatic foramen.

A

Sacrospinous ligament.

162
Q

Most common neural injury at time of primary THA.

A

Peroneal division of sciatic nerve.

163
Q

This nerve lies on the anteromedial surface of the psoas.

A

Genitofemoral nerve.

164
Q

The femoral nerve lies between these two muscles most proximally.

A

Iliacus and psoas.

165
Q

The LFCN exist the pelvis here.

A

Under lateral attachment of the inguinal ligament.

166
Q

Borders of the femoral triangle.

A
  1. Sartorius
  2. Pectineus
  3. Inguinal ligament
167
Q

The aorta branches into common iliacs here.

A

L4.

168
Q

Common iliac vessels bifurcate here.

A

S1

169
Q

This cruciate ligament of knee has an anteromedial bundle.

A

ACL

170
Q

This cruciate ligament of the knee has an anterolateral bundle.

A

PCL

171
Q

________ bundles of ACL and PCL are tight in flexion.

A

Anterior bundles.

172
Q

Isolated injury to PCL causes the greatest instability at this degree of flexion.

A

90 deg

173
Q

Isolated injury to the posterolateral corner causes greatest instability at this degree fo flexion.

A

30 deg

174
Q

Muscles in anterior compartment of leg (4).

A
  1. Tibialis anterior
  2. EHL
  3. EDL
  4. Peroneus tertius
175
Q

Muscles in lateral compartment of leg (2).

A
  1. Peroneus longus

2. Peroneus brevis

176
Q

Muscles in the superficial posterior compartment of leg (2).

A
  1. gastroc-soleus complex

2. Plantaris

177
Q

Muscles in the deep posterior compartment of leg (4).

A
  1. Popliteus
  2. FHL
  3. FDL
  4. Tibalis posterior
178
Q

Primary blood supply to talar body.

A

Artery of the tarsal canal (posterior tibial artery).

179
Q

Blood supply to talus consists of these three.

A
  1. Artery of tarsal canal (posterior tib.)
  2. Superior neck vessels (anterior tib.)
  3. Artery of the tarsal sinus (dorsalis pedis)
180
Q

This tendon runs beneath the sustentaculum tali.

A

FHL

181
Q

Initiator of hindfoot inversion during gait.

A

Posterior tibial tendon.

182
Q

Two branches of the tibial nerve at the foot.

A

Medial and lateral plantar nerves.

183
Q

Anterolateral ankle arthroscopy portal danger.

A

Dorsal intermediate cutaneous branch of SPN.

184
Q

Anteromedial ankle arthroscopy portal danger.

A

Saphenous vein.

185
Q

Lisfranc ligament connects these two bones.

A

Medial cuneiform to 2nd metatarsal.

186
Q

Plantar heel spurs originate here.

A

In the flexor digitorum brevis.

ABOS Part I (16 decks)

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