Biostats Flashcards
Odds ratio for these study designs.
Case-control studies.
Cohort studies are ___.
prospective
Cohort studies are appropriate for estimating ____ and ____.
Incidence and relative risk.
A specified patient population is studied at a given time.
Cross-sectional study design.
Measure of this can be obtained with a cross-sectional study.
Prevalence.
Treatments are allocated to different subjects or patients in a random or nonrandom manner.
Parallel design.
Each subject receives or undergoes a series of treatments of each treatment condition being studied.
Cross-over design.
Unintentional, systematic error that threatens the internal validity of a study.
Bias.
LOE for high-quality research trials, RCTs.
Level I.
LOE of cohort studies or lesser quality clinical trials.
Level II.
LOE for case-control studies.
Level III.
LOE for case series.
Level IV.
LOE for expert opinion.
Level V.
Proportion of existing cases or conditions of injuries or disease within a particular population.
Prevalence.
Proportion of new injuries or disease cases within a specified time period.
Incidence.
Sensitivity definition.
True positives divided by total number of patients with disease.
Specificity definition.
True negative divided by total number of patients without the disease.
Positive predictive value definition.
True positives divided by total patients whose test result was positive.
Negative predictive value definition.
True negatives divided total patients whose test results were negative.
Nonparametric equivalent of ANOVA.
Kruskal-Wallis test.
The probability that a statistical test result is wrong when the null hypothesis is rejected.
Type I error (alpha error).
The probability that a statistical test result is wrong when the test fails to reject the null hypothesis.
Type II error (beta error).
