Pathology

Question 1

Pneumonia

Answer 1

Infection involving the distal airspaces usually with inflammatory exudation

Question 2

Classifications of pneumonia (3)

Answer 2

By clinical setting
By organism
By morphology

Question 3

Organisms causing pneumonia

Answer 3

Virus
Bacteria
Chlamdyia, mycoplasma
Fungi

Question 4

Viruses causing pneumonia

Answer 4

Influenza
Parainfluenza
Measles
Varicella-zoster
Respiratory syncytial virus

Question 5

Lobar pneumonia

Answer 5

Confluent consolidation involving a complete lung

Question 6

Pathology of pneumonia (4)

Answer 6

Exudation of fibrin-rich fluid
Neutrophil infiltration
Macrophage infiltration
Resolution

Question 7

Complications of pneumonia (4)

Answer 7

Organisation (Fibrous scarring)
Bronchiectasis
Abscess
Empyema

Question 8

Bronchopneumonia

Answer 8

Infection starting in airways and spreading to adjacent alveolar lung

Question 9

Bronchiectasis

Answer 9

Abnormal fixed dilatation of the bronchi

Question 10

Pathology of tuberculosis

Answer 10

Delayed Type IV hypersensitivity (granulomas with necrosis)

Question 11

Primary tissue change in TB

Answer 11

Ghon focus (small lesion) in periphery of mid zone of lung
Large hilar nodes (granulomatous)

Question 12

Secondary tissue changes in TB

Answer 12

Fibrosing and cavitating apical lesion