Biochemistry

Question 1

Enzymes released in haemolysis

Answer 1

AST

LDH

Question 2

Enzymes released when liver cells die

Answer 2

AST

ALT

Question 3

Enzymes stimulated by the presence of disease in the biliary tract

Answer 3

Gamma GT

Alkaline Phosphatase

Question 4

Enzymes released in acute and chronic pancreatitis

Answer 4

Amylase

Lipase

Question 5

Enzyme release by muscle

Answer 5

CK

AST

Question 6

Enzyme released by heart

Answer 6

Troponin
AST
LDH

Question 7

Enzyme release by bone

Answer 7

Alk Phos.

Question 8

True positive test result

Answer 8

Test is abnormal in person with the disease

Question 9

True negative result

Answer 9

Test is normal in person without the disease

Question 10

False positive test result

Answer 10

Abnormal test result, disease absent

Question 11

False negative test result

Answer 11

Normal test result, disease present

Question 12

Sensitivity

Answer 12

The percentage of people with the disease who have a positive (abnormal) test result

Question 13

Specificity

Answer 13

The percentage of people without disease who have a normal (negative) test
(How good a test is at correctly identifying health or absence of disease)

Question 14

Positive predictive value

Answer 14

The likelihood of disease in people with a positive test

Also known as post-test probability of disease

Question 15

Negative predictive value

Answer 15

The likelihood of health in someone with a negative (normal) test result.
Or post-test probability of health

Question 16

Prevalence

Answer 16

A measure of how common the disease is in the population of people who’ve been tested
Pre-test probability of disease
As prevalence falls, PPV falls and NPV rises

Question 17

Volume of hydrogen ions produced by metabolism daily

Answer 17

60millimol

Question 18

Concentration of hydrogen ions in body

Answer 18

35 to 45 nanomol/L

Question 19

Bicarbonate buffer system of H+

Answer 19

(H+) + (HCO3-) H2CO3 CO2 + H2O

Question 20

Hemoglobin buffer system of H+

Answer 20

(H+) + (Hb-) HHb

Question 21

Acidosis

Answer 21

An increase in [H+] or a process tending to cause an increase in [H+]

Question 22

Alkalosis

Answer 22

A decrease in [H+] or a process tending to cause a decrease in [H+]

Question 23

Acidaemia

Answer 23

Increase in [H+]

Question 24

Alkalaemia

Answer 24

Decrease in [H+]

Question 25

The respiratory component

Answer 25

PCO2

Question 26

The metabolic component

Answer 26

HCO3-

Question 27

Respiratory acidosis

Answer 27

Increase in [H+] due to increase in pCO2

Question 28

Respiratory alkalosis

Answer 28

Decreased [H+] due to decreased pCO2

Question 29

Metabolic acidosis

Answer 29

Increase in [H+] due to decrease in HCO3-

Question 30

Metabolic alkalosis

Answer 30

Decrease in [H+] due to increase in HCO3-

Question 31

Respiratory compensation for metabolic acidosis

Answer 31

Primary problem is too much H+

Compensate by blowing off CO2

Question 32

Metabolic compensation for respiratory acidosis

Answer 32

Primary problem is too much CO2

Compensate by excreting more H+

Question 33

Causes of respiratory acidosis

Answer 33

Choking
Bronchopneumonia
COPD

Question 34

Causes of respiratory alkalosis

Answer 34

Hysterical over breathing
Mechanical over-ventilation
Raised intracranial pressure

Question 35

Causes of metabolic acidosis

Answer 35

Impaired H+ excretion
Increased H+ production and ingestion
Loss of HCO3-

Question 36

Metabolic alkalosis

Answer 36

Loss of H+ in vomit
Alkali ingestion
Potassium deficiency

Question 37

Arterial blood gases

Answer 37

H+
PCO2
HCO3-
pO2