Microbiology Flashcards
Combination therapy of tuberculosis
2 months of: Rifampicin Isoniazid Pyrazinamide Ethambutol 4 months of: Rifampicin Isoniazid
What effect does rifampicin have on urine?
Colours urine and all bodily fluids orange
Antibiotic given for pleural infection
Vancomycin (for s.aureus)
Nasopharynx host defences
Nasal hairs
Ciliated epithelia
IgA
Oropharynx host defences
Saliva
Sloughing
Cough
Sinusitis
Inflammation of paranasal sinuses
Rhinitis
Inflammation of nose
Pharyngitis
Inflammation of pharynx, tonsils, uvula
Epiglottitis
Inflammation of epiglottis, superior larynx
Laryngitis
Inflammation of larynx
Gram positive upper respiratory tract colonisers
Strep pneumoniae (a-haemolytic streptococci) Strep pyogenes (b-haemolytic streptococci) Staphylococcus aureus
Gram negative upper respiratory tract colonisers
Haemophilus influenzae
Moraxella Catarrhalis
Haemophilus influenzae
Gram negative coccobacillus
Blood-loving species
Moraxella Catarrhalis
Gram negative coccus
Conducting airway defences
Mucociliary escalator
AMPs
Cellular and humoral immunity
Bacteria which causes whooping cough
Bordetella Pertussis
Characteristics of bordetella pertussis
Gram negative coccobacillus
Exclusively human pathogen
3 main routes of transmission
Contact
Airborne
Droplets
Lower respiratory tract defences
Alveolar lining fluid - IgA, AMP, Surfactant, Complement, FFA
Alveolar macrophages and neutrophils
Causative organisms for community acquired pneumonia
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Atypicals/ Viruses
Haemophilus influenzae
Staphylococcus aureus
Treatment for legionella pneumonia
Clarythromycin, erythryomycin
Qunolone (e.g. levofloxacin)
Legionella pneumonia characteristics
Common environmental gram negative bacteria
Resides with water amoeba
Invades alveolar macrophages& replicates
Clinical presentation of legionella pneumonia
Flu like illness which may progress to severe pneumonia
Mental confusion
Renal failure
GI problems
