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Msk > Pathology > Flashcards

Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Type 1 muscle is

A

Slow twitch oxidative

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2
Q

Characteristic of perimesyium?

A

Where blood vessels and nerves are seen

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3
Q

Neurogenic pathologies could be

A

Loss of nerve stimulation, denervation and nerve destruction

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4
Q

Neurogenic causes of myopathy?

A 
Trauma
Infection
Amylotrophic lateral sclerosis
Spinal muscular dystrophy 
Hereditary neuropathies 
Vascular disease
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5
Q

Histological changes in neurogenic disease?

A 
Grouped atrophy
Angulated fibers 
T1 , 2 are atrophied
Nuclear clumps
Target fibers
Reinnervation
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6
Q

How many does duchenne dystrophy affects?

A

1:3500 male births!

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7
Q

Duchenne dystrophy cause?

A

Xp21 Xlinked disease

Mutating dystrophin gene

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8
Q

Clinical features of duchenne

A 
Boys below age of 5
Proximal weakness
Waddling gait
Gowers maneuver
Difficulty climbing stair
Difficulty standing from floor
Elevated creatine kinase
Loss of amulation from 8-12 years
Die from respiratory insufficieny or pneumonia
Enlarged calves (pseudohypertrophy)
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9
Q

Pathological changes in duchenne

A

Variable fibers sizes and fibrosis
Endmysial fibrosis
Rounded fibers
Muscle replaced by fat and fibrosis

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10
Q

Diagnosis of duchenne?

A

Blood test to look for deletions 65%
And stain with antibody to duchenne
In utero can be done

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11
Q

Features of polymyositis and dermatomyositis?

A 
Proximal weakness
Elevated creatine kinase
More in females
Pain and aching
Respond to steroids
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12
Q

Characteristic pathology in poly/dermatomyositis ?

A

Moth eating fibers

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13
Q

Characteristic of dermatomyositis is ?

A

Rash and perifasicular atrophy

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14
Q

1 years old baby presented with generalized weakness hypotonia and cardiomegaly is suferring from ?

A

Pompe”s disease which is infantile acid maltase deficiency glycogen type II store disease
Which is autosomal recessive

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15
Q

Other genes involved in SLE ?

A

Ptpn22 stat4 tnfaip3

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16
Q

Activated T cells produce antibodies by the help of

A

CD40L T cell dependent production on auto antibodies

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17
Q

Describe ulcers of SLE ?

A

Oral or nasopharyngeal

Usually painless

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18
Q

Causes of AVN in SLE ?

A

Vasculitis
Anti phospholipid syndrome
Embolism

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19
Q

What cause TIA ?

A

Circulating anti phospholipid antibody

20
Q

Tumors of fibrous tissue

A

Nodular fasciitis
Fibromatosis
Fibrosarcoma

21
Q

Tumor of uncertain histogenesis

A

Synovial sarcoma
Eptheoild sarcoma
Alveolar part sarcoma

22
Q

Prognosis of soft tissue tumor is better in those?

A

Superficial than deep!!

23
Q

What tumor affect young adult?

A

Synovial sarcoma

24
Q

What malignancy have high risk if they have Gardner syndrome?

A

Fibrmataosis

25
Q

Lifraumini causes?

A

Several soft tissue sarcomas

26
Q

Other sites of leiomyoma ?

A

Skin
Nipple
Genital areas

27
Q

Death followin leisarcoma is due to

A

Local extensions or metastatis

28
Q

Clinical features of osteoid osteoma

A

Intracortical pathology in long banes causing severe pain worsening at night relieved by NSAIDs

29
Q

What’s pompes disease?

A

Infantile acid maltase deficiency !

30
Q

Pompes causes

A

Cardiomegaly hypotonia and hepatomegaly

Death from cardio/respiratory failure

31
Q

Which myopathy have strong association with malignant hyperthermia?

A

Central core disease

32
Q

Who is prone to have peripheral nerve sheath tumor or a neurofibroma?

A

Neurofibrmatosis

33
Q

Who is prone to have fibrmatosis?

A

Gardner syndrome

34
Q

Can a hemangioma present in the liver?

A

Yes

35
Q

Angiosarcomas RF ?

A

Polyvinyl chloride

Lymphedema after radical mastectomy
Breast cancer radiation

36
Q

What predispose to osteosarcoma is

A

Bone conditions like pagets- infarcts and radiation

37
Q

Tumor of neuroectodermal in origin with translocation 11:22

A

Ewing

38
Q

Characteristic of Ewing?

A

Affects 10 to 15
Diaphysis
Small round cells
Homer wright rosette

39
Q

What causes granular articular surface and loose bodies

A

OA

40
Q

Pannus bridges apposing bones is seen in?

A

RA

41
Q

A 35 yr old with back pain chronich synovitis and amyloidosis and aortitis and uvetis ?

A

Ankyloising spondylitis

42
Q

Drugs predisposing to gout

A

Thiazides

Aspirin

43
Q

The bigger the age then which crysatl?

A

Calcium pyrophosphate

44
Q

RFs of calcium pyrophosphate that wasn’t there before ?

A

Hypomagnesmia
Hypothyroidism
Hyper parathyroid

45
Q

Granulomas growing as pan us with severe fibrous ankylosis ?

A

Tuberculos

46
Q

Infection of skin with arthritis ?

A

Lyme

Msk (10 decks)

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