Pathology Flashcards
Type 1 muscle is
Slow twitch oxidative
Characteristic of perimesyium?
Where blood vessels and nerves are seen
Neurogenic pathologies could be
Loss of nerve stimulation, denervation and nerve destruction
Neurogenic causes of myopathy?
Trauma Infection Amylotrophic lateral sclerosis Spinal muscular dystrophy Hereditary neuropathies Vascular disease
Histological changes in neurogenic disease?
Grouped atrophy Angulated fibers T1 , 2 are atrophied Nuclear clumps Target fibers Reinnervation
How many does duchenne dystrophy affects?
1:3500 male births!
Duchenne dystrophy cause?
Xp21 Xlinked disease
Mutating dystrophin gene
Clinical features of duchenne
Boys below age of 5 Proximal weakness Waddling gait Gowers maneuver Difficulty climbing stair Difficulty standing from floor Elevated creatine kinase Loss of amulation from 8-12 years Die from respiratory insufficieny or pneumonia Enlarged calves (pseudohypertrophy)
Pathological changes in duchenne
Variable fibers sizes and fibrosis
Endmysial fibrosis
Rounded fibers
Muscle replaced by fat and fibrosis
Diagnosis of duchenne?
Blood test to look for deletions 65%
And stain with antibody to duchenne
In utero can be done
Features of polymyositis and dermatomyositis?
Proximal weakness Elevated creatine kinase More in females Pain and aching Respond to steroids
Characteristic pathology in poly/dermatomyositis ?
Moth eating fibers
Characteristic of dermatomyositis is ?
Rash and perifasicular atrophy
1 years old baby presented with generalized weakness hypotonia and cardiomegaly is suferring from ?
Pompe”s disease which is infantile acid maltase deficiency glycogen type II store disease
Which is autosomal recessive
Other genes involved in SLE ?
Ptpn22 stat4 tnfaip3
Activated T cells produce antibodies by the help of
CD40L T cell dependent production on auto antibodies
Describe ulcers of SLE ?
Oral or nasopharyngeal
Usually painless
Causes of AVN in SLE ?
Vasculitis
Anti phospholipid syndrome
Embolism
What cause TIA ?
Circulating anti phospholipid antibody
Tumors of fibrous tissue
Nodular fasciitis
Fibromatosis
Fibrosarcoma
Tumor of uncertain histogenesis
Synovial sarcoma
Eptheoild sarcoma
Alveolar part sarcoma
Prognosis of soft tissue tumor is better in those?
Superficial than deep!!
What tumor affect young adult?
Synovial sarcoma
What malignancy have high risk if they have Gardner syndrome?
Fibrmataosis
Lifraumini causes?
Several soft tissue sarcomas
Other sites of leiomyoma ?
Skin
Nipple
Genital areas
Death followin leisarcoma is due to
Local extensions or metastatis
Clinical features of osteoid osteoma
Intracortical pathology in long banes causing severe pain worsening at night relieved by NSAIDs
What’s pompes disease?
Infantile acid maltase deficiency !
Pompes causes
Cardiomegaly hypotonia and hepatomegaly
Death from cardio/respiratory failure
Which myopathy have strong association with malignant hyperthermia?
Central core disease
Who is prone to have peripheral nerve sheath tumor or a neurofibroma?
Neurofibrmatosis
Who is prone to have fibrmatosis?
Gardner syndrome
Can a hemangioma present in the liver?
Yes
Angiosarcomas RF ?
Polyvinyl chloride
Lymphedema after radical mastectomy
Breast cancer radiation
What predispose to osteosarcoma is
Bone conditions like pagets- infarcts and radiation
Tumor of neuroectodermal in origin with translocation 11:22
Ewing
Characteristic of Ewing?
Affects 10 to 15
Diaphysis
Small round cells
Homer wright rosette
What causes granular articular surface and loose bodies
OA
Pannus bridges apposing bones is seen in?
RA
A 35 yr old with back pain chronich synovitis and amyloidosis and aortitis and uvetis ?
Ankyloising spondylitis
Drugs predisposing to gout
Thiazides
Aspirin
The bigger the age then which crysatl?
Calcium pyrophosphate
RFs of calcium pyrophosphate that wasn’t there before ?
Hypomagnesmia
Hypothyroidism
Hyper parathyroid
Granulomas growing as pan us with severe fibrous ankylosis ?
Tuberculos
Infection of skin with arthritis ?
Lyme
