Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Type 1 muscle is

A

Slow twitch oxidative

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2
Q

Characteristic of perimesyium?

A

Where blood vessels and nerves are seen

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3
Q

Neurogenic pathologies could be

A

Loss of nerve stimulation, denervation and nerve destruction

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4
Q

Neurogenic causes of myopathy?

A
Trauma
Infection
Amylotrophic lateral sclerosis
Spinal muscular dystrophy 
Hereditary neuropathies 
Vascular disease
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5
Q

Histological changes in neurogenic disease?

A
Grouped atrophy
Angulated fibers 
T1 , 2 are atrophied
Nuclear clumps
Target fibers
Reinnervation
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6
Q

How many does duchenne dystrophy affects?

A

1:3500 male births!

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7
Q

Duchenne dystrophy cause?

A

Xp21 Xlinked disease

Mutating dystrophin gene

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8
Q

Clinical features of duchenne

A
Boys below age of 5
Proximal weakness
Waddling gait
Gowers maneuver
Difficulty climbing stair
Difficulty standing from floor
Elevated creatine kinase
Loss of amulation from 8-12 years
Die from respiratory insufficieny or pneumonia
Enlarged calves (pseudohypertrophy)
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9
Q

Pathological changes in duchenne

A

Variable fibers sizes and fibrosis
Endmysial fibrosis
Rounded fibers
Muscle replaced by fat and fibrosis

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10
Q

Diagnosis of duchenne?

A

Blood test to look for deletions 65%
And stain with antibody to duchenne
In utero can be done

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11
Q

Features of polymyositis and dermatomyositis?

A
Proximal weakness
Elevated creatine kinase
More in females
Pain and aching
Respond to steroids
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12
Q

Characteristic pathology in poly/dermatomyositis ?

A

Moth eating fibers

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13
Q

Characteristic of dermatomyositis is ?

A

Rash and perifasicular atrophy

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14
Q

1 years old baby presented with generalized weakness hypotonia and cardiomegaly is suferring from ?

A

Pompe”s disease which is infantile acid maltase deficiency glycogen type II store disease
Which is autosomal recessive

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15
Q

Other genes involved in SLE ?

A

Ptpn22 stat4 tnfaip3

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16
Q

Activated T cells produce antibodies by the help of

A

CD40L T cell dependent production on auto antibodies

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17
Q

Describe ulcers of SLE ?

A

Oral or nasopharyngeal

Usually painless

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18
Q

Causes of AVN in SLE ?

A

Vasculitis
Anti phospholipid syndrome
Embolism

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19
Q

What cause TIA ?

A

Circulating anti phospholipid antibody

20
Q

Tumors of fibrous tissue

A

Nodular fasciitis
Fibromatosis
Fibrosarcoma

21
Q

Tumor of uncertain histogenesis

A

Synovial sarcoma
Eptheoild sarcoma
Alveolar part sarcoma

22
Q

Prognosis of soft tissue tumor is better in those?

A

Superficial than deep!!

23
Q

What tumor affect young adult?

A

Synovial sarcoma

24
Q

What malignancy have high risk if they have Gardner syndrome?

A

Fibrmataosis

25
Lifraumini causes?
Several soft tissue sarcomas
26
Other sites of leiomyoma ?
Skin Nipple Genital areas
27
Death followin leisarcoma is due to
Local extensions or metastatis
28
Clinical features of osteoid osteoma
Intracortical pathology in long banes causing severe pain worsening at night relieved by NSAIDs
29
What's pompes disease?
Infantile acid maltase deficiency !
30
Pompes causes
Cardiomegaly hypotonia and hepatomegaly | Death from cardio/respiratory failure
31
Which myopathy have strong association with malignant hyperthermia?
Central core disease
32
Who is prone to have peripheral nerve sheath tumor or a neurofibroma?
Neurofibrmatosis
33
Who is prone to have fibrmatosis?
Gardner syndrome
34
Can a hemangioma present in the liver?
Yes
35
Angiosarcomas RF ?
Polyvinyl chloride Lymphedema after radical mastectomy Breast cancer radiation
36
What predispose to osteosarcoma is
Bone conditions like pagets- infarcts and radiation
37
Tumor of neuroectodermal in origin with translocation 11:22
Ewing
38
Characteristic of Ewing?
Affects 10 to 15 Diaphysis Small round cells Homer wright rosette
39
What causes granular articular surface and loose bodies
OA
40
Pannus bridges apposing bones is seen in?
RA
41
A 35 yr old with back pain chronich synovitis and amyloidosis and aortitis and uvetis ?
Ankyloising spondylitis
42
Drugs predisposing to gout
Thiazides | Aspirin
43
The bigger the age then which crysatl?
Calcium pyrophosphate
44
RFs of calcium pyrophosphate that wasn't there before ?
Hypomagnesmia Hypothyroidism Hyper parathyroid
45
Granulomas growing as pan us with severe fibrous ankylosis ?
Tuberculos
46
Infection of skin with arthritis ?
Lyme