Microbiology

Question 1

Other genetic cause of SLE?

Answer 1

Genetic complement deficiency in 50% of SLE

Question 2

What uv light can cause to SLE ?

Answer 2

Induce apoptosis of keratinocytes

2- expression of auto nuclear antigens (e.g. Ro & La)

Question 3

What microbes can cause SLE?

Answer 3

Retrovirus

EBV

Question 4

How microbes can cause SLE?

Answer 4

1. Molecular mimicry
2. Polyclonal activation
3. Cytokines production
4. Release of sequesterd Ag

Question 5

Relation to cytokines production?

Answer 5

Those with active disease have higher tighter of IFN-gamma
= increase expression of class II Mhc

Question 6

Molecular mimicry in SLE?

Answer 6

Cross reactivity of Ro and Sm with viral Ag

Question 7

What happens in polyclonal activation?

Answer 7

IgM (anti nuclear)

Question 8

How drug induced SLE occur?

Answer 8

By forming conjugated with self antigen resulting in altered structures causing auto reactivity

Question 9

Immunological abnormalities seen in SLE?

Answer 9

1. Decrease number and function of CD-8 T and Nk cells
2. Decrease T suppressor TgF-beta
3. Dysregulated cytokines
   
   • high IL- 3,4,5,6,10 + IFN gamma
   • low IL-2
4. Autoantibodies to complement ( C1 q)
5. Defective immune complex clearance
6. Polyclonal B cell activation

Question 10

Other antibodies seen in SLE ?

Answer 10

RF
C1 q
HSP

Question 11

What genes mostly predispose to SLE?

Answer 11

HLA-DR2/3

Question 12

Etiological agents in septic

Answer 12

S. Aeurs 
Strepto agalectica in diabetics
Other strepto
Aneaerobes
H. Influenza in 3m to 2yrs

Question 13

Characteristic of h influenza

Answer 13

Pleomotphic bacillli

Factors needing like hemin and bad

Question 14

Most infective arthris are by hemtegonous route why?

Answer 14

Highly vascular synovial membrane

With no limiting basement plate like

Question 15

Patho physiology of s.aures infection?

Answer 15

Release proteoglycans from cartilage leading to its degradation

Question 16

Predilection to axial skeleton is seen in iv drug users by?

Answer 16

Gnb and pseudomonas

Question 17

Disseminated gonococcal infection is seen in

Answer 17

Inherited complement deficiencies

Question 18

Which cultural is more positive in gonococcal infection?

Answer 18

Blood better than synovial!

Even better is geniturinary

Question 19

Characteristics of salmonella

Answer 19

Gram negative non lactose fermenting bacilli
Present with salmonella
Synovial fliudvia sterile!!

Question 20

Bacteria after no pasteurized milk causing sarcoillitis with negative synovial fluid?

Answer 20

Bruxelles

Question 21

Hiv patient with low grade inflammation of a single joint?

Answer 21

Mycobacterium or fungal !

Question 22

RF for infective arthritis ?

Answer 22

Bacterima
Phagocytic defect
Liver disease
Chronic steroid use
Prexesting connective tissue disorder
Hemophilia
Recurrent hemarthrosis
I. Drugs

Question 23

One of the commonest symptoms of influenza is

Answer 23

Myalgia

Question 24

Immunity to influenza is

Answer 24

Type specific

Question 25

Recurrent influenza is by

Answer 25

Antigentically different strains

Question 26

Fever, rash and joint pain think of

Answer 26

Ortho borne viruse

Question 27

Jaundice and severe paint of muscle and joint with malaise indicates

Answer 27

Hep B

Question 28

How parvovirus presents

Answer 28

Rash (slapped check) and athralgia = erythema infectiosim or fifth disease

Question 29

Erythema infectiosim by

Answer 29

Immune complex deposition

Question 30

Characteristic of osteomyelitis

Answer 30

Bone infection causing progressive bone destruction and formation is sequestra

Question 31

Chronic osteomyelitis

Answer 31

Bone necrosis and vascular damage | Presence of foreign materials predisposing to nidus formation

Question 32

In traumatic osteomyelitis think of

Answer 32

S auerus and Gnb!

Question 33

C perefregis can also cause

Answer 33

Osteomyelitis

Question 34

In diabetic foot think of

Answer 34

Bones of foot osteomyelitis

Question 35

In severe otits external think of osteomyelitis affecting the

Answer 35

Skull!!

Question 36

Important osteomyelitis causative agents are ?

Answer 36

Anaerobes Bacteroids Mycobacterium

Question 37

What causes osteomyelitis in IV drug users

Answer 37

Pseudomonas in spine or pelvis

Question 38

Spine involved in osteomyelitis usually seen in

Answer 38

Adults

Question 39

Severe otitis externa then fever and tenderness in skull ?

Answer 39

Chronic osteomyelitis

Question 40

Features is chronic osteomyelitis

Answer 40

``` Sinuses Swelling Deformity Defective healing Loosening of prosthesis ```

Question 41

Pus from infected bone can show

Answer 41

AFB and s. Auerus