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Msk > Learning Topics > Flashcards

Learning Topics Flashcards

1
Q

Difference between lamellar and woven bone

A

Woven laid down by osteoblasts irregularly while lamellar is parallel

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2
Q

Difference between osteoblasts and osteocytes ??

A

Osteblats are from osteoprogenitor cells while osteoclasts are from mononuclear phagocytic cells

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3
Q

Inheritance of achondroplasia ?

A

Autosomal dominant

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4
Q

Achondroplasia is a mutation in?

A

FGFR3 !!

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5
Q

Difference between genetic and acquired dwarfism?

A

Achondroplasia have normal intelligence and life spans!

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6
Q

Characteristics of OI?

A 
Blue sclera, affected teeth, joints, ears, skin 
Bone fragility 
Defective C1
Repeated fractures
EXcessive callus formation!
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7
Q

Achondroplasia is a disorder of ?

A

Growth plates

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8
Q

Why incidence of SLE Increased?

A

Because of actual increase and improved diagnostic method leading to early diagnosis

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9
Q

Prevalence of SLE?

A

1:1000 women

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10
Q

Causes of high prevalence ??

A

Earlier diagnosis = > survival= duration
Increased incidence
Survival has increased

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11
Q

Why different variability in SLE studies ??

A

Different methods

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12
Q

5 year survival of SLE now and then??

A

50 years ago 50%

Now 95

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13
Q

Why mortality decreased??

A

Improved medical care

Changes in definition so now they include milder cases!

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14
Q

How in SLE have high risk of death??

A

Non Caucasian
Younger age
More severe systemic disease

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15
Q

Life threatening comorbidties in SLE ??

A

Kidney failure
CNS cerebritis
Cardiovascular disease

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16
Q

Age affected by SLE ??

A

It can occur ANYTIME!!

but peak incidence in 15-55

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17
Q

Proof of SLE having genetic component ??

A

Monozygotic twins have 60% chance of concordance

18
Q

Screening is not recommended in SLE ??

A

No cost effective or accurate test

19
Q

Can’t recommend a screening test because??

A

No benefit of therapy seen in preclinical phase

20
Q

What causes under excretion of Utica acid?

A

Polycystic kidney disease
Htn
Renal failure

21
Q

Which is used to treat acute gout attacks??

A

Indomethacin and naproxen

22
Q

Why indomethacin is the NSAIDS Of choice not aspirin ??

A

Prevents Uric acid excretion

23
Q

Effect of indomethacin?

A

Reduce pain and inflammation

24
Q

Indo and napro are contraindicated in?

A

Peptic ulcer and liver disease

25
Q

Why 95%of lumbar disc herniations occur at L4/5 L5/S1 ???

A

Because the posterior longitudinal ligament thins inferiorly from L1 to S1 !!

26
Q

Most impingement on nerve roots are assymetric why?

A

Because most herniations are posterolateral

27
Q

Ligamentum flavum runs??

A

Anterior to the lamina within neural canal

28
Q

What can cause spinal stenosis??

A

Thinking of ligamentum flavum with age!

29
Q

Where pain comes from in the lumbosacral region?

A

Posterior rami and sinuvertebral nerves at each vertebral level

30
Q

True or false does the nucleus pulposes and annular fiber have pain fibers ??

A

False

31
Q

Those who don’t have a pain don’t have a pathology?

A

No as 20-30% of asymptomatic people have a pathology!

32
Q

What are LBP causes?

A

Mechanical(most)
Neurogenic
Referred visceral
Red flag

33
Q

Mechanical causes of pain?

A

Spondylosis
Vertebral fracture
Muscle strain and ligamentous injuries(65-70%)
Degenerative disk and joint disease
Congenital anomalies( kyphoscoliosis, transitional vertebra)

34
Q

Neurogenic LBP?

A

Spinal stenosis
Herniated disc
Ostyphytic nerve root compression

35
Q

Red flagged LBP?

A

Inflammatory spondyloarthropathies
Osteomyelitis discitis abscess
neoplastic(primary/metastatic)

36
Q

Referred visceral pain?

A 
Abdominal aortic aneurism
Gi( Ibd, pancreatitis, diverticulitis)
Renal disease( pyelonephritis, renal stones)
37
Q

Why those with spinal stenosis get relief by spine flexion?

A

Increase diameter of spinal canal reducing its tension

38
Q

No pain uphill but pain downhill indicates ?

A

Spinal stenosis? Because the back is extended

39
Q

Characteristics of cauda equina syndrome?

A

Bi lateral legs
Neurosurgical emergency
Difficulty in bladder and bowel function

40
Q

Causes of cauda equina?

A

Massive central disc herniation
Spinal epidural abscess
Hematoma
Trauma

Msk (10 decks)

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