Pathology Flashcards
1
Q
Histamine & Serotonin
A
VD - Arterioles
VC - Arteries
BC
↑VP
2
Q
PGI2
(Prostacyclin)
A
Inhibit platelet aggregation
VD
3
Q
TXA2
A
Promote platelet aggregation
VC
4
Q
PGE2
A
VD
^VP
Hyperalgesia
5
Q
PGD2
A
VD
^VP
6
Q
PG F2α
A
Smooth muscle contraction - uterus
Bronchus
7
Q
LT B4
A
Chemotaxis
8
Q
LT C4
LT D4
LT E4
A
VC
^VP
BC
9
Q
Nitric oxide
A
Phagocytosis
VD
Inhibit platelet aggregation
10
Q
Fever
A
IL 1
11
Q
Cachexia
A
TNF α
12
Q
Acute phase reactants
A
IL 6
13
Q
Fibrosis
A
TGF β
14
Q
Granuloma
A
IFN γ
15
Q
Bradykinin
A
Pain
VD
^VP
16
Q
C5a
A
Chemotaxis
Anaphlatoxins
17
Q
C3b
A
Opsonisation
18
Q
C5a
A
Anaphlatoxins
19
Q
Adenocarcinoma lung
A
ALK<EGFR(ERBB1)<KRAS
Napsin A
20
Q
GIST
A
DOG1
cKIT
CD 117
21
Q
Myelo Proliferative Neoplasm:-
1)Polycythemia
2)Essential thrombocytopenia
3)Myelofibrosis
A
1) JAK2 V 617 F
JAK 2 EXON 12 del
2) & 3) JAK 2, CALR, MPL
22
Q
Colony ca
Pancreatic Ca
A
K-RAS
23
Q
Hirchsprung disease
A
RET - LOF
24
Q
Medullary thyroid carcinoma
MEN II
A
RET-GOF
25
Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (NHL)
ALK
26
CML
ALL
ABL
27
Bladder tumor
Kidney tumor
H RAS
28
Melanomas
N RAS
S100
29
CLL
ALL
NOTCH
30
Burkitt lymphoma
Starry sky appearance
C MYC
31
Small cell lung ca
L MYC
Chromogranin synaptophysin
32
Neuroblastoma
N MYC
33
Breast ca
ERBB2(HER 2)
34
Hairy cell leukemia
Langerhans cell histiocytosis
BRAF
35
Cyclin D1
Mantle cell lymphoma
36
CDK 4
Glioblastoma
37
Apoptosis
Hallmark
Maker
Molecular marker
Caspase
Annexin V
CD 95
38
M/C fixative
10% neutral formalin
39
Fixative - Testicular biopsy
Bouins fluid
40
Fixative for electron microscopy
Glutaraldehyde
41
Fixative for PAP Smears
95% ethanol
42
Fixative in karyotyping
Carney's fixative
43
Banding (staining) in karyotyping
M/C
Centromere
Y chromosome
G banding (Giemsa)
C banding
Q banding
44
SMAD2/SMAD4
Colon Adenocarcinoma
45
STK 11/ LKB 1
Peutz jager polyp
46
CDH 1
Diffuse gastric carcinoma
Lobular breast carcinoma
47
MSH2
MLH1
MSH6
HNPCC
Lynch syndrome
48
HPV
L1
E6
E7
Vaccine
P53
RB
49
Low risk HPV
6&11
Condyloma accuminatun (warts)
50
High risk HPV
16&18
Cervical ca
Anal ca
Penile ca
51
Cat cry
Cat eye
Cat scratch
Chr 5 Cri du chat syndrome
Trisomy 22
Stellate granuloma - neuroretinitis
52
Autophagy marker
LC3
53
ATG 5 deletion
TB
54
ATG 16L1 polymorphism
IBD
55
Pleomorphic adenoma
PLAG 1
56
Mast cell stain
Toluidine blue
57
Melanin stain
Masson fontana
58
Fat stain
Oil red O
Sudan black B
59
Hemosiderin stain
Pearls Prussian blue
60
Copper stain
Rhodanine
Rubeanic acid
61
Ceruloplasmin
Orcein
62
Calcium stain
Von kossa
Alizarin red S
63
Fat appearance in heart
Tabby cat/ Tigered appearance
64
Amyloid stain
Congo red
L/M - salmon pink
Polarising - Apple green birefringence
65
Th1
IL2
IL12
IFN γ
IL12(macrophage) → Th0 →Th1 →IL2→CD8 cells →CMI
66
Th2
IL 4 - IgE
IL 5 - Eosinophil
IL 13 - mucus
67
Th17
IL 17
68
Sirtuins
Action
Gene
NAD dependent histone deacetylase
SIRT
69
Δ criteria - Multiple myeloma
Prognostic markers
Bone marrow - >10% monoclonal plasma cells (mott cells)
+
Any one of CRAB
Hypercalcemia
Renal failure
Anemia
Bone lesion
Prognostic markers
Aβ2 microglobulin !
↓Albumin
70
Rhabdomyosarcoma marker
Desmin
71
Lymphoma
Leucocyte common antigen
72
Cytokeratin
Carcinoma
73
S100
Melanoma
LCH
Schwannoma
74
Δ feature of LCH
Markers
Birbeck granules in E/M - Tennis racket inclusions
S100
CD1a
CD 207 - Langerin (m/sp)
75
Squamous differentiation
P40
P63
76
Mesothelioma
Calretinin
77
Hairy cell leukemia
AnnexinA1
CD25
CD103
78
MCC death in blood transfusion
TRALI
79
MCC death in massive blood transfusion
Dilutional coagulopathy
Acidosis
Hyperkalemia
80
Seminoma
PLAP
OCT3
NANOG
KIT (CD117)
81
Her 2 neu cells of breast carcinoma
IHC - Diamine benzidine
IF - FitC
82
Amyloidosis
AL - light chains - 1° amyloidosis - multiple myeloma
AA - Acute phase reactants - 2° amyloidosis - familial mediterranean fever - chronic inflammation (TB, RA)
Aβ2 microglobulin - renal failure/ dialysis(>3yrs)
ATTR - Transthyretin (normal)- senile systemic amyloidosis
ATTR - Transthyretin(mutant) - Familial Amyloidotic polyneuropathy
Aβ - Alzheimer's
AIAPP - islet amyloid polypeptide - T2DM
Acal - calcitonin - medullary carcinoma thyroid
83
Carcinoid markers
In blood:
Chromogranin A
Neuron specific enolase (NSE)
In urine:
5-HIAA
84
MEN syndromes
MEN I - pituitary adenoma, parathyroid hyperplasia, pancreatic tumors
MEN IIA - Parathyroid hyperplasia, Medullary carcinoma thyroid, pheochromocytoma
MEN IIB - Mucosal neuromas, Marfanoid habitus, Medullary carcinoma thyroid, pheochromocytoma
MEN IV: pituitary adenoma, parathyroid hyperplasia, testicular tumors, NET of cervix
85
Polyps in colon
Endometrial ca in family
Lynch syndrome - HNPCC, Endometrial ca
Biopsy - sessile serrated adenoma
86
Grading is more important than staging in
Sarcomas
CNS tumors
NHL
87
↑BT
Megakaryocytic thrombocytopenia
Renal failure
Diarrhoea
TTP
Treatment
Autoimmune - Plasmapharesis, steroids, IVIG
ADAMTS13 - FFP
Aspirin
88
Prader wili syndrome
Maternal imprinting
Paternal deletion
Maternal disomy
Chromosome 15
SNORP mutation
89
Angelman syndrome
Paternal imprinting
Maternal deletion
Paternal disomy
Chromosome 15
UBE3A mutation
