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Facts > Pathology > Flashcards

Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Histamine & Serotonin

A

VD - Arterioles
VC - Arteries
BC
↑VP

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2
Q

PGI2
(Prostacyclin)

A

Inhibit platelet aggregation
VD

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3
Q

TXA2

A

Promote platelet aggregation
VC

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4
Q

PGE2

A

VD
^VP
Hyperalgesia

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5
Q

PGD2

A

VD
^VP

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6
Q

PG F2α

A

Smooth muscle contraction - uterus
Bronchus

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7
Q

LT B4

A

Chemotaxis

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8
Q

LT C4
LT D4
LT E4

A

VC
^VP
BC

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9
Q

Nitric oxide

A

Phagocytosis
VD
Inhibit platelet aggregation

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10
Q

Fever

A

IL 1

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11
Q

Cachexia

A

TNF α

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12
Q

Acute phase reactants

A

IL 6

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13
Q

Fibrosis

A

TGF β

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14
Q

Granuloma

A

IFN γ

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15
Q

Bradykinin

A

Pain
VD
^VP

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16
Q

C5a

A

Chemotaxis
Anaphlatoxins

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17
Q

C3b

A

Opsonisation

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18
Q

C5a

A

Anaphlatoxins

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19
Q

Adenocarcinoma lung

A

ALK<EGFR(ERBB1)<KRAS

Napsin A

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20
Q

GIST

A

DOG1
cKIT
CD 117

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21
Q

Myelo Proliferative Neoplasm:-
1)Polycythemia
2)Essential thrombocytopenia
3)Myelofibrosis

A

1) JAK2 V 617 F
JAK 2 EXON 12 del

2) & 3) JAK 2, CALR, MPL

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22
Q

Colony ca
Pancreatic Ca

A

K-RAS

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23
Q

Hirchsprung disease

A

RET - LOF

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24
Q

Medullary thyroid carcinoma
MEN II

A

RET-GOF

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25
Q

Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (NHL)

A

ALK

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26
Q

CML
ALL

A

ABL

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27
Q

Bladder tumor
Kidney tumor

A

H RAS

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28
Q

Melanomas

A

N RAS
S100

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29
Q

CLL
ALL

A

NOTCH

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30
Q

Burkitt lymphoma

A

Starry sky appearance
C MYC

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31
Q

Small cell lung ca

A

L MYC

Chromogranin synaptophysin

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32
Q

Neuroblastoma

A

N MYC

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33
Q

Breast ca

A

ERBB2(HER 2)

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34
Q

Hairy cell leukemia
Langerhans cell histiocytosis

A

BRAF

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35
Q

Cyclin D1

A

Mantle cell lymphoma

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36
Q

CDK 4

A

Glioblastoma

37
Q

Apoptosis

Hallmark
Maker
Molecular marker

A

Caspase
Annexin V
CD 95

38
Q

M/C fixative

A

10% neutral formalin

39
Q

Fixative - Testicular biopsy

A

Bouins fluid

40
Q

Fixative for electron microscopy

A

Glutaraldehyde

41
Q

Fixative for PAP Smears

A

95% ethanol

42
Q

Fixative in karyotyping

A

Carney’s fixative

43
Q

Banding (staining) in karyotyping
M/C
Centromere
Y chromosome

A

G banding (Giemsa)
C banding
Q banding

44
Q

SMAD2/SMAD4

A

Colon Adenocarcinoma

45
Q

STK 11/ LKB 1

A

Peutz jager polyp

46
Q

CDH 1

A

Diffuse gastric carcinoma
Lobular breast carcinoma

47
Q

MSH2
MLH1
MSH6

A

HNPCC
Lynch syndrome

48
Q

HPV
L1
E6
E7

A

Vaccine
P53
RB

49
Q

Low risk HPV

A

6&11
Condyloma accuminatun (warts)

50
Q

High risk HPV

A

16&18
Cervical ca
Anal ca
Penile ca

51
Q

Cat cry
Cat eye
Cat scratch

A

Chr 5 Cri du chat syndrome
Trisomy 22
Stellate granuloma - neuroretinitis

52
Q

Autophagy marker

A

LC3

53
Q

ATG 5 deletion

A

TB

54
Q

ATG 16L1 polymorphism

A

IBD

55
Q

Pleomorphic adenoma

A

PLAG 1

56
Q

Mast cell stain

A

Toluidine blue

57
Q

Melanin stain

A

Masson fontana

58
Q

Fat stain

A

Oil red O
Sudan black B

59
Q

Hemosiderin stain

A

Pearls Prussian blue

60
Q

Copper stain

A

Rhodanine
Rubeanic acid

61
Q

Ceruloplasmin

A

Orcein

62
Q

Calcium stain

A

Von kossa
Alizarin red S

63
Q

Fat appearance in heart

A

Tabby cat/ Tigered appearance

64
Q

Amyloid stain

A

Congo red
L/M - salmon pink
Polarising - Apple green birefringence

65
Q

Th1

A

IL2
IL12
IFN γ

IL12(macrophage) → Th0 →Th1 →IL2→CD8 cells →CMI

66
Q

Th2

A

IL 4 - IgE
IL 5 - Eosinophil
IL 13 - mucus

67
Q

Th17

A

IL 17

68
Q

Sirtuins
Action
Gene

A

NAD dependent histone deacetylase
SIRT

69
Q

Δ criteria - Multiple myeloma
Prognostic markers

A

Bone marrow - >10% monoclonal plasma cells (mott cells)
+
Any one of CRAB
Hypercalcemia
Renal failure
Anemia
Bone lesion

Prognostic markers
Aβ2 microglobulin !
↓Albumin

70
Q

Rhabdomyosarcoma marker

A

Desmin

71
Q

Lymphoma

A

Leucocyte common antigen

72
Q

Cytokeratin

A

Carcinoma

73
Q

S100

A

Melanoma
LCH
Schwannoma

74
Q

Δ feature of LCH
Markers

A

Birbeck granules in E/M - Tennis racket inclusions

S100
CD1a
CD 207 - Langerin (m/sp)

75
Q

Squamous differentiation

A

P40
P63

76
Q

Mesothelioma

A

Calretinin

77
Q

Hairy cell leukemia

A

AnnexinA1
CD25
CD103

78
Q

MCC death in blood transfusion

A

TRALI

79
Q

MCC death in massive blood transfusion

A

Dilutional coagulopathy
Acidosis
Hyperkalemia

80
Q

Seminoma

A

PLAP
OCT3
NANOG
KIT (CD117)

81
Q

Her 2 neu cells of breast carcinoma

A

IHC - Diamine benzidine
IF - FitC

82
Q

Amyloidosis

A

AL - light chains - 1° amyloidosis - multiple myeloma
AA - Acute phase reactants - 2° amyloidosis - familial mediterranean fever - chronic inflammation (TB, RA)
Aβ2 microglobulin - renal failure/ dialysis(>3yrs)
ATTR - Transthyretin (normal)- senile systemic amyloidosis
ATTR - Transthyretin(mutant) - Familial Amyloidotic polyneuropathy
Aβ - Alzheimer’s
AIAPP - islet amyloid polypeptide - T2DM
Acal - calcitonin - medullary carcinoma thyroid

83
Q

Carcinoid markers

A

In blood:
Chromogranin A
Neuron specific enolase (NSE)

In urine:
5-HIAA

84
Q

MEN syndromes

A

MEN I - pituitary adenoma, parathyroid hyperplasia, pancreatic tumors

MEN IIA - Parathyroid hyperplasia, Medullary carcinoma thyroid, pheochromocytoma

MEN IIB - Mucosal neuromas, Marfanoid habitus, Medullary carcinoma thyroid, pheochromocytoma

MEN IV: pituitary adenoma, parathyroid hyperplasia, testicular tumors, NET of cervix

85
Q

Polyps in colon
Endometrial ca in family

A

Lynch syndrome - HNPCC, Endometrial ca
Biopsy - sessile serrated adenoma

86
Q

Grading is more important than staging in

A

Sarcomas
CNS tumors
NHL

87
Q

↑BT
Megakaryocytic thrombocytopenia
Renal failure
Diarrhoea

A

TTP

Treatment
Autoimmune - Plasmapharesis, steroids, IVIG
ADAMTS13 - FFP
Aspirin

88
Q

Prader wili syndrome

A

Maternal imprinting
Paternal deletion
Maternal disomy
Chromosome 15
SNORP mutation

89
Q

Angelman syndrome

A

Paternal imprinting
Maternal deletion
Paternal disomy
Chromosome 15
UBE3A mutation

Facts (24 decks)

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