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Facts > Oph > Flashcards

Oph Flashcards

1
Q

Proptosis

A

> 21 mm
Adult - Hertel
Children - Luedde

McCoy - facial asymmetry

Manual
Nafzigger - head end
Worm - foot end

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2
Q

Diabetic retinopathy

A

Outer plexiform layer > Nerve fiber layer
Dot blot hemorrhages > flame hemorrhages
Hard exudates > soft exudates

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3
Q

Hypertensive retinopathy

A

Outer plexiform layer < Nerve fiber layer
Dot blot hemorrhages < flame hemorrhages
Hard exudates < soft exudates

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4
Q

Direct gonioscopes

A

Koeppe
Richardson
Swon Jacob

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5
Q

Indirect gonioscopes

A

Goldman
Ziess
Posner
Sussman

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6
Q

Glaucoma

A

Ganglion cell loss
First change - isopter contraction
Visual field defects correspond with optic nerve head changes
Static perimetry - Humphrey’s
Roenne nasal step - unequal contraction

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7
Q

Kinetic perimetry

A

Neurological disorders

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8
Q

First change in optic neuritis

A

Central scotoma/ centrocaecal scotoma

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9
Q

Marcus gunn pupil

A

Optic neuritis →
1. Retrobulbar neuritis - Multiple sclerosis
2. Papillitis - Vaccination
3. Neuroretinitis - cat scratch disease
MRI
IV steroids 1 g stat x 3 days f/b oral methyl prednisolone x 11 days

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10
Q

Splinter hemorrhage most commonly seen in

A

Normal tension glaucoma

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11
Q

Keratoconus

A

Fleischer ring - Fe in epithelium due to tear film stasis
Astigmatism
Munson sign
Curvatural myopia
Oil droplet reflex in DDO
Vogts stria - vertical stria in descemets
Scissoring reflex in retinoscopy

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12
Q

Habb striae

A

Horizontal
Congenital glaucoma

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13
Q

Buphthalmos

A

Watering
Photophobia
Blepharospasm
Big eyes
Axial myopia

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14
Q

↑episcleral venous pressure

A

Sturge Weber syndrome
Carotid cavernous fistula
Thyroid eye disease

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15
Q

MCC visual impairment in India

A

Untreated cataract
<50yrs - refractive error

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16
Q

MCC blindness in India

A

Untreated cataract
<50 yrs - corneal opacity
Childhood - vitamin Deficiency
Preventable blindness - cataract
Irreversible blindness - glaucoma

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17
Q

Reverse glaucoma

A

Reverse configuration of iris
Rubbing of zonules & iris after exercise, pigments released into anterior chamber
Pigments block trabecular mesh - pigmentary glaucoma
Pigments deposit on back of cornea - Krukenberg spindles
Transillumination defects in iris

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18
Q

Inverse glaucoma

A

Aqueous misdirection into virteous

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19
Q

Stickers line

A

Iron deposition in head of pterygium

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20
Q

Adies pupil

A

Doesn’t react to light but accommodates

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21
Q

Eye muscles movements

A

Superior are intorters
Inferior are extorters
Recti are adductors
Oblique are abductors

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22
Q

Retinoblastoma

A

13q14 - RB gene
Mc secondary tumor - osteosarcoma of neck of femur
Classical route of spread - optic nerve

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23
Q

Retinitis pigmentosa

A

Sporadic/ hereditary AD
Waxy disc pallor
AV attenuation
Bony spicule pigmentation

24
Q

Hutchinson triad

A

SNHL
notched teeth
Interstitial keratitis

25
Q

Vogts triad

A

Seen in acute congestive glaucoma
Glaucoma flakens - Anterior sublenticular opacity
Iris atrophy
Sphincter damage - vertical dilated pupil

26
Q

Hutchinson sign

A

Vesicles on tip of the nose - predictor of corneal denervation in herpes zoster
Pseudodendritic ulcer

27
Q

Headlight in fog appearance

A

Chorioretinitis in toxoplasmosis

28
Q

Mc site of coloboma

A

Iris - Inferionasal

29
Q

Kayser fleisher ring

A

Copper deposition in peripheral cornea
Wilson’s disease - AR
Reduces with response to therapy

30
Q

Wiess ring

A

Posterior vitreous detachment
C/o floaters

31
Q

Attachments of vitreous

A

Ora serrata - strongest
Macula
Optic disc
Superficial retinal vessels
Posterior lens capsule - weigert’s ligament

32
Q

Only reversible cataract

A

Galactosemic cataract

33
Q

Snellens chart

A

Visual acuity
Form sense

34
Q

ETDRS / LogMAR

A

Early treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study
Scientific paper writing
Amblyopia - crowding phenomenon - inability to read crowded letters

35
Q

Pielli robinson chart

A

Contrast sensitivity

36
Q

Mc ocular manifestation of covid

A

Follicular conjunctivitis

37
Q

Papillary conjunctivitis

A

Allergy
2 types
1. Giant papillary conjunctivitis - contact lens users
2. Vernal kerato conjunctivitis - spring catarrh - summer - teenage boys - cobble stone papillae - maxwell lyon sign - shield ulcer

38
Q

Maxwell lyon sign

A

Thick ropy discharge with eosinophils
Build up of heat-enhanced fibrin on giant papillae.
sign of vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC)
Type 1 HSR + TYPE 4 HSR (1>4)
T/t Olopatidine, sodium cromoglycate

39
Q

Pituitary macroadenoma

A

> 1cm
Bitemporal hemianopia
Earliest - Bitemporal superior quadrantopia - compression of infero nasal fibres from below

40
Q

Anterior junction syndrome

A

Junctional scotoma
I/L central scotoma + C/L superior temporal quadrantopia

41
Q

Phacoemulsification incision length

A

2.8 to 3.2 cm

42
Q

anterior capsule of lens stain

A

Trypan blue

43
Q

Drugs causing anterior uveitis

A

Prostaglandin analogue (other a/e - trichomegaly, iris hyperchromia, periorbital hyperpigmentation)
Parasympathomimetics

44
Q

MOA of drugs in glaucoma

A

Mannitol - Desiccation of vitreous humour - reduces the bulk
CA inhibitors and β blockers - ↓ aqueous production
Prostaglandins - ↓ uveoscleral outflow

45
Q

Mc intraorbital tumor

A

Malignant
Children - rhabdomyosarcoma
Adults - NHL

Benign
Children - Dermoid cyst
Adults - Cavernous hemangioma

46
Q

Mcc of proptosis

A

Adults - Thyroid eye disease

Children -
U/L - Orbital cellulitis
B/L - Neuroblastoma

47
Q

Mc intraocular tumor

A

Children - retinoblastoma
Adults - choroidal melanoma

48
Q

Mc lacrimal gland tumor

A

Overall & benign - Pleomorphic adenoma
Malignant - Adenoid cystic carcinoma

49
Q

Trachoma

A

Bulbar follicles in 1-9 yrs, >10% prevalence - SAFE strategy
Surgery for trichiasis > entropion
Antibiotics
Facial hygiene
Environmental sanitation

50
Q

Orbital cellulitis

A

Poor oral hygiene → ethmoid sinusitis → lamina papyraceous → orbital cellulitis

51
Q

Acute angle closure

A

Pain
Colored halos
Redness

↑IOP
Diffuse corneal haze
Shallow anterior chamber
Pupil block
Mid dilated pupil

52
Q

Best disease

A

AD
Egg yolk appearance - lipofuschin deposits in retinal pigment epithelium
↓Arden ratio

53
Q

Arden ratio

A

Ratio of light peak to dark trough in EOG
>2 - normal
1.5 - 2 - borderline
<1.5 - abnormal

54
Q

Posterior subcapsular cataract seen in

A

BSC
Busulfan
Blowers cataract - radiation
Steroids
Chloroquine

55
Q

Anterior subcapsular cataract

A

ASC
Amiodarone
Au
Sunflower cataract
Shield cataract
Chlorpromazine

Facts (24 decks)

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