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Facts > ENT > Flashcards

ENT Flashcards

1
Q

Drainage of sinuses in meatus

A

Supreme - sphenoid
Superior - posterior ethmoid
Middle - Maxillary, frontal, anterior & middle ethmoid
Inferior (largest) - Nasolacrimal duct

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2
Q

Sphenoethmoidal

A

Recess - Supreme meatus
Air cell - onodi cell

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3
Q

Pus in posterior pharyngeal wall

A

Sphenoid sinusitis
Postnasal drip

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4
Q

Allergic fungal rhino sinusitis

A

Peanut butter
Heterogenous opacity

Bent & Kuhn criteria
Fungal smear - major
Fungal culture - minor

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5
Q

Doubles

A

Double density - AFRS
Double ring
- HRCT - Cochlear otosclerosis
- tissue paper - CSF rhinorrhea

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6
Q

Button battery in EAC

A

Facial nerve palsy

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7
Q

Named Air cells

A

Agger nasi - most anterior
Onodi Most posterior
Bulla ethmoidalis - largest
Haller - Floor of anterior ethmoid
Concha bullosa - pneumatization of middle turbinate

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8
Q

Hypertrophic rhinitis

A

Inferior turbinate
Mulberry mucosa

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9
Q

Mulberry

A

Polyp - Rhinosporodiosis
Mucosa - hypertrophic rhinitis

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10
Q

Foul smelling crust

A

Merciful anosmia - Atrophic rhinitis
Woody nose - Rhinoscleroma

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11
Q

Wood

A

Woody nose - Rhinoscleroma
Wood industry - Adeno cell ca of ethmoid
Woody swelling in DM - Ludwig abscess
Woodman procedure - removing aretynoid in cordectomy
Woodruff plexus - venous plexus in posterior lateral wall

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12
Q

Red polyp from

A

Septum - capillary hemangioma
Inferior turbinate - cavernous hemangioma

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13
Q

Malignancy from septum

A

Red - capillary hemangioma
White - papilloma
Dark brown - malignant melanoma

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14
Q

Malignancy from lateral wall

A

Posterior wall of maxillary sinus -
Damaged - Squamous cell ca
Intact - inverted papilloma

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15
Q

Ohngren’s line

A

Root of nose to angle of mandible
Below - good prognosis
Above - poor prognosis

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16
Q

Guerin sign

A

Palatal ecchymosis in le fort I fracture

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17
Q

Olfactory test

A

CC SIT - 12 stimuli
UP SIT - 10 stimuli
Smell diskette

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18
Q

Quienke disease

A

Edema over soft palate

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19
Q

Abscess lower limit extend upto

A

Parapharyngeal - hyoid bone - I/D Ant. SCM
Retropharyngeal - bifurcation of trachea - I/D post SCM

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20
Q

Swelling in posterior pharyngeal wall

A

Localized - retro pharyngeal abscess
Diffuse - prevertebral abscess

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21
Q

Angiofibroma

A

Teenage boy
Sphenopalatine foramen
Hollman miller sign
Epistaxis
No biopsy
No debulking
Surgery in toto → embolize internal maxillary artery

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22
Q

Hollman miller sign

A

Posterior wall of maxillary sinus bending down in angiofibroma

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23
Q

Posterior wall of EAC bending down

A

Sagging of canal
Mastoiditis

24
Q

Trotter’s triad

A

Glue ear
V CN palsy
X CN palsy

25
Q

Trotters method

A

Epistaxis
T/t TELSPA - Trans Endoscopic Ligation of Sphenopalatine Artery

26
Q

Gradenigo triad

A

Otorrhea
V CN palsy
VI CN palsy

27
Q

Chalky white mass

A

Tympanic sclerosis
Cholesteatoma - necrosis
Keratosis obturans - B/L - centripetal squamous growth

28
Q

Malignant otitis externa stages

A

I - Ear discharge + Granulation (Tc99 -ve)
II - I + Tc99 +ve (necrosis)
III - CN palsy (VII)
IIIa - single CN
IIIb - multiple CN
IV - Intracranial complications

Prognosis - gallium, ESR
↓ ESR after 2 weeks - good prognosis

Psuedomonas - 3rd gen cephalosporins

29
Q

Tullios phenomenon

A

Sound induced Vertigo
Seen in
Sensory deafness
Fistula
Superior SSC Dehiscence

30
Q

Tympanic membrane colour

A

Blue - Serous otitis media
Red - cart wheel appearance - ASOM

31
Q

Tympanoplasty

A

Type I - Myringotomy
Type II - Myringoincudopexy
Type III - Collumellar effect
Type IV - Minor cavem
Type V - Round window shielding

32
Q

Schwartz

A

Sign - flamingo pink sign - reddish cochlear promontory - otosclerosis - C/I for surgery

Procedure - cortical mastoidectomy - canal wall up procedure

33
Q

Mastoidectomy

A

Modified radical - preserve normal - CSOM

Radical - remove normal - block ET - Malignancy

34
Q

Brown sign

A

Blanching of glomus tumor on exerting pressure

35
Q

Aquino sign

A

Blanching of glomus tumor on occluding neck vessels

36
Q

Artery embolization in ENT

A

Ear - Ascending pharyngeal artery - Glomus tumor
Nose - TELSPA - Epistaxis
Throat - Internal maxillary artery - Angiofibroma

37
Q

IOC for conductive deafness

A

Impedance audiometry - Tympanogram + Stapedial reflex

38
Q

Higher centre for stapedial reflex

A

Superior olivary complex

39
Q

Noise induced hearing loss

A

Dip in PTA at 4000 Hz
Maximum db
WHO - 85 dB
Indian factory act - 90 dB
City - 45 dB

40
Q

Recruitment phenomenon

A

Oversensitivity >70%
Sensory deafness
SISI

41
Q

Roll over phenomenon

A

Fatiguability
Neural deafness
Decay test

42
Q

Paracusis willsi

A

Comfortable in noisy surrounding
Conductive deafness

43
Q

Auditory pathway

A

Eighth nerve
Cochlear nucleus
Trapezoid body
Superior olivary nucleus
Lateral lemniscus
Inferior colliculus - BERA upto IC
Medial geniculate body - CERA after IC - not done in children
Auditory cortex

44
Q

OAE -ve, next

A

ECOG - presence of cochlea
Impedance audiometry - Middle ear pathology

45
Q

Donaldson line

A

Line along HSCC, bisecting PSCC end in endolymphatic sac

46
Q

ABLB
SISI

A

Alternate Binaural Loudness Balance - U/L sensory deafness
Short Increment Sensitivity Index - B/L sensory deafness

47
Q

BERA

A

Largest wave - V
Sensitive wave - I (reliable)
Latency period
↑ - neural deafness
↓ - sensory deafness

48
Q

Coclear and brainstem Implants

A

CI : electrode in scala tympani
Stimulate 8th nerve

BI : electrode in lateral recess of 4th ventricle
Stimulate cochlear nucleus

49
Q

Nystagmus

A

Superior - rotational
Posterior - vertical
Lateral - horizontal

Slow component - same side - slow(hypo)active ear

50
Q

Mc site for hypopharynx malignancy

A

Pyriform fossa

51
Q

Nerve damaged in retrieval of FB from pyriform fossa

A

Internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve

52
Q

Vocal cord paralysis

A

Type I: Medialization - B/L SLN palsy - Aphonia, Aspiration
Type II: Lateralization - B/L RLN palsy
Type III: shortening, relaxation (lower pitch) - Puberphonia
Type IV: lengthening, tension (raise pitch) - Androphonia

53
Q

Gutsman test

A

Pressure over thyroid, pitch lowers, puberphonia

54
Q

Croup

A

Acute Laryngotracheobronchitis

Children - 6 months to 3 years of age
Para influenza virus

Barking cough
Biphasic stridor
Narrowing of subglottic region - steeple sign

Treatment:
Supportive care
Oxygen therapy
Single dose Dexamethasone
Nebulized epinephrine

55
Q

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss

A

Lyme disease and syphilis
30dB in 3 frequencies over 3 days

Treatment
Steroids
Carbogen (95% O2 and 5% CO2)

Facts (24 decks)

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