Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

2nd Year Adrenergic Blockers > Pathology > Flashcards

Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Primary causes of Nephrotic syndrome

A

Minimal change
Focal segmented Glomerular sclerosis
membranous
Membranoproliferative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

inflammation of the glans penis. Associated with poor hygiene - rare in circumcised individuals.

A

Balanitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

primary stage chancre heals within to weeks caused by treponemma pallidum

A

syphilis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

morphology of N. gonorrhea

A

intracellular gram negative diplococci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the N. gono cause

A

acute purulent urethritis associated with prostatitis and epididymitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ch. trachomatis cause

A

non- gonococcal urethritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Related to the accumulation of squamous cell & inflammatory debris

A

Carcinoma in situ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Infection with high-risk HPV

A

Carcinoma in situ
squamous cell carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Developmental failure of a testis to descend into the scrotum.

A

cryptorchidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

continuity of the tunica vaginalis with the peritoneal cavity

A

Hydrocele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hydroceles can be distinguishedvclinically from solid testicular tumorsv by

A

physical examination and
transillumination.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

blood accumulation of blood distending the
tunica vaginalis. Most often caused by trauma, or
occasionally due to a tumor.

A

Hematocele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

varicose dilation of multiple veins of the
spermatic cord

A

Varicocele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

sperm-containing cyst. Most often intratesticular.

A

Spermatocele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

testicular atrophy

A

often unknown etiology
orchitis
trauma
disorder of hypothalamus or pitutary
hormonal therapy as estrogen
liver cirrhosis
cryptorchidism
klinefelter syndrome
chronic deblititating disease
old age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

cause of bacterial orchitis

A

syphilis associated with epididymitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

cause of viral orchitis

A

mumps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

causes of epididymitis

A

N. Gono
C. trachomatis
E.coli
M. tuberculosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

the most common testicular germ cell tumor

A

seminoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Analogous to ovarian dysgerminoma

A

Seminoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

associated with increased serum hCG

A

Seminoma
Embryonal carcinoma
choriocarcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

give metastases to abdominal lymph nodes

A

Seminoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Comprised of three distinct cell types, lacks ITGCN with no significant lymphocytic response

A

spermatocytic seminoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

large cells withcentrally located nuclei and
prominent nucleoli. Fibrous septa separate nests of tumor cells

A

Seminoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

compare between spermatocytic and conventional seminoma

A

spermatocytic: no ITGCN no lymphocytic response
conventional: have ITGCN and lymphocytic inflitrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Analogous to similar ovarian tumor

A

Embryonal carcinoma

27
Q

Increase in serum AFP (alpha fetoprotein)

A

Endodermal sinus (yolk sac) tumor

28
Q

most common testicular tumor in infacy and early childhood

A

Endodermal sinus (yolk sac) tumor

29
Q

morphologicaly has Schiller-Duval body

A

Endodermal sinus (yolk sac) tumor

30
Q

Germ cell tumor is derived from two or more embryonic layers

A

teratoma

31
Q

involve Multiple tissue types: such as cartilage islands, ciliated epithelium, liver cells, neuroglia, embryonic gut, or striated muscle.

A

Teratoma

32
Q

the three types of teratoma

A

mature: always malignant
immature: behavior is malignant
teratoma with malignant transformation: contains malignant tissue, such as squamous cell carcinoma

33
Q

highly chemosensitive

A

Choriocarcinoma

34
Q

Characterized by intracytoplasmic Reinke crystals

A

Leydig cell tumor

35
Q

Androgen-producing

A

Leydig cell tumor

36
Q

Testicular Sex Cord Stromal tumors

A

Leydig cell tumor
sertoli cell tumor
Granulosa cell tumor

37
Q

Associated with precocious puberty in children and gynecomastia in adults

A

Leydig cell tumor

38
Q

related to the action of dihydrotestosterone (DHT)

A

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

39
Q

promote expression of receptors for DHT

A

estrogen

40
Q

DHT is synthesized from

A

testosterone

41
Q

DHT is synthesized from
testosterone by the action
of

A

5α-reductase, type 2

42
Q

Inhibition of which enzyme
is one approach to the
treatment of BPH

A

5 alpha reductase

43
Q

Early stage of adenocarcinoma

A

increased PSA

44
Q

late stage of adenocarcinoma

A

increased serum prostatic acid phosphatase

45
Q

Bony osteoblastic metastasis from adenocarcinoma

A

increased serum alkaline phosphatase

46
Q

effacement of glomerular foot processes without
antibody deposits.

A

minimal change disease

47
Q

Most frequent cause of nephrotic syndrome in children

A

minimal change disease (nephrotic)

48
Q

Glomeruli show focal and segmental obliteration of capillary lumina

A

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

49
Q

nonspecific trapping of IgM and C3

A

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

50
Q

Most often directed against the PLA2R on podocytes

A

Membranous nephropathy

51
Q

LM: diffuse capillary wall thickening.
IF: Granular subepithelial deposits of antibodies IgG and C3

A

Membranous nephropathy

52
Q

Type 1 is an immune complex–mediated disease with immune deposits in the subendothelial location.

A

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

53
Q

GBM “spike” formation

A

membranous nephropathy

54
Q

Deposition of immune complexes, mainly in the subepithelial spaces, with abundant neutrophils and proliferation of glomerular cells.

A

Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis

55
Q

Primarily subepithelial humps.

A

Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis

56
Q

Granular deposits (IgG, IgM and C3 along GBM and mesagium)

A

Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis

57
Q

Most common form of
glomerulonephritis worldwide

A

IgA nephropathy

58
Q

Mesangial deposits of IgA containing
immune complexes

A

IgA nephropathy

59
Q

showing subtle mesangial
hypercellularity

A

IgA nephropathy

60
Q

mesangial electrondense deposits.

A

IgA nephropathy

61
Q

caused by
mutations in genes encoding GBM/type IV collagen

A

Hereditary nephritis (Alport syndrome)

62
Q

Hereditary nephritis (Alport syndrome)

A

mutations in genes encoding GBM/type IV collagen

It manifests as hematuria and slowly progressing proteinuria

63
Q

benign nonprogressive disorder caused by mutation encoding GBM

A

thin basement membrane disease

64
Q

Severe glomerular injury with necrosis, GBM breaks, and proliferation of parietal epithelium (crescents)

A

Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis

2nd Year Adrenergic Blockers (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions