CBL Flashcards
A 45-year-old man presents to the hospital complaining of increasing malaise associated with periorbital and lower limb edema. On physical examination, his blood pressure 155/95 mm Hg. Urinalysis reveals 4+ proteins with no blood, glucose or ketones. Other laboratory studies reveal elevated serum creatinine and urea nitrogen and a positive hepatitis B surface antigen. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Membranous nephropathy
A 60-year-old man with a positive family history of chronic renal failure presents with hematuria. He has been undergoing dialysis for the past ten years. An abdominal CT scan is done and reveals bilateral renal multiple cysts. These findings are most likely to be seen in association with which of the following conditions?
Hepatic cysts
A 55-year-old man falls following strenuous exercise in the gym. He presents to the ER with swollen limbs. On physical examination, he is afebrile. After catheterization, he passes a small amount of dark urine. The urine dipstick test for blood is positive but no red blood cells are seen on microscopic examination of the urine sediment. Laboratory investigations reveal markedly elevated creatine kinase with elevated creatinine. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Rhabdomyolysis
A 36-year-old G3 P2 woman presents to her obstetrician as she has felt no fetal movement by 20 weeks gestation. Fetal ultrasound scan reveals the oligohydramnios and bilaterally asymmetrically enlarged fetal kidneys. Hepatic cysts are also noticed. The fetal heart appears to have four chambers, and the feet have marked varus deformities. She gives birth at 34 weeks gestation to a 2200gm male suffering from severe respiratory distress with Apgar scores of 4 and 5 at 1 and 5 minutes. It died despite the prompt management. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
A 40-year-old woman previously diagnosed as systemic lupus presents to the family clinic complaining of periorbital and leg edema. On physical examination, her heart rate is 70 bpm, blood pressure 155/95 mm Hg. Urinalysis reveals 4+ proteins with no blood. Renal biopsy is obtained and microscopic examination reveals diffuse thickening of the capillary wall. The Electron microscope picture revealed spikes in the glomerular basement membrane. What class does this correspond to?
Class V
A 35-years-old man presents with hypertension and hematuria. His family history reveals the inheritance of a mutation in the PKD1 gene. Laboratory abnormalities confirm renal failure. After 8 months, the patient dies from subarachnoid hemorrhage. Which of the following diseases was the most likely cause of his death?
Polycystic kidney disease
A 72-year-old man has been feeling tired and lethargic for 5 months. He has noted increasing hesitancy with urination. On physical examination, his prostate is diffusely enlarged. Laboratory studies show elevated serum creatinine. Which of the following renal abnormalities is most likely to be present in this man?
Pyelonephritis
A 60-year old with a positive family history of chronic renal failure presents to the hospital with hematuria and abdominal pain. On physical examination, his blood pressure measures 180/110 mm Hg. Abdominal ultrasound reveals multiple cysts in both kidneys up to 4 cm. Which of the following is likely to be a cause of his death in this patient?
Hypertension and heart failure
A 59-year-old man on chronic dialysis is a candidate for renal transplantation. His left nephrectomy specimen is sent to histopathological examination. Grossly the kidney is nodular with multiple cortical cysts. An irregular variegated golden yellow mass is noted, measuring 4 cm in diameter. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Renal Cell Carcinoma
A 65-year-old man with uncontrolled diabetes has been feeling tired and lethargic for 2 months. He has noted frequent urination. Laboratory studies show creatinine 1.8 mg/dL, and glucose 220 mg/dL. Which of the following renal abnormalities is most likely to be present in this man?
Papillary necrosis
