Histology Flashcards
what is renal interstitium
reticular C.T with blood vessels
The other name of renal corpuscle
Malpighan corpuscle
the other name of large collecting ducts
pappilary ducts, Duct of bellini
Renal corpuscles are located in
cortex
what is the type of junction of the slit diaphragm
modified tight junctions
what proteins are in the slit diaphragm
nephrins
diameter of the renal corpuscle
200 micron
the GBM formed from
Glomerular capillary basal lamina and podocyte basal lamina
the layers of the GBM from outside to inside
Lamina Lucida External
Lamina Densa
Lamina Lucida Interna
Function of Fenestrated Capillary endothelium
block the Blood cells & Platelets
Thick combined (GBM)
Restrict large proteins as plasma proteins
slit diaphragms
restrict small proteins
which proteins that removed to filtrate
smaller proteins as polypeptide hormones
What happen to GBM in diabetes mellitus
protinuria
the reabsorption of sodium by aldosterone occur in
DCT
prominent basal folds and lateral interdigitations in
PCT
Reabsorption of all organic nutrients (glucose , amino acids, vitamins), all proteins, most water, and electrolytes occur in
PCT
what produce erythropiotein in kidney
Fibroblastic interstitial cells in cortical tissue around proximal tubule
L of membranous part of urethra
L for Lining
stratified columnar with patches of pseudo st columnar
L of prostatic urethra
transitional epithelium
How many lobes of the mammary glands?
15-25 lobes
the type of mammary glands?
Compound tubulo alveolar
What is the parenchyma of mammary glands?
formed of the duct system + Alveoli (inactive or active)
embedded in loose, vascular conncetive tissue
secrete testosterone
leydig cells
the stroma of testis consists of
- capsule(tunica vaginalis, albuginea, vasculosa)
- septa
the parenchyma of the testis consists of
- semineferous tubules
- interstitial leydig cells
visceral layer of the peritoneum around the testis
tunica vaginalis
Tunica albuginea: outer dense fibrous C.T. It
is thickened posteriorly to form
mediastinum testis from which septa arise and divide the gland
the septa arise from
mediastinum testis
thickened part of tunica albuginea
contains myoid cells
semineferous tubules
role of myoid cells
allow weak contractions of the
tubule pushing the sperm outside
L of semineferous tubules
germinal epithelium
Formation of fully formed sperm
Take about
10 weeks
Mean differentiation of
progenitor cells (spermatogonia)
into spermatids
Spermatogenesis
Mean differentiation of
spermatids into spermatozoa
Spermiogenesis
morphology of spermatogonia
small rounded cells with rounded central nuclei
act as reserve cells in the germinal epithelium
Dark type A spermatogonia
divide by mitosis to give type B
pale type A
the largest cells in spermatogenic cells
primary spermatocyte
which have larger nuclei type A or type B
type B
the first miotic division occur
at puberty
transform from primary spermatocyte to secondary spermatocyte
phases of spermiogenesis
Golgi phase
Cap phase
Acrosomal phase
Maturation phase
apperance of acrosomal granules in which phase
Golgi phase
these granule coalesce together to form acrosomal vesicle
the chromatin of the nucleus is condensed in which phase
cap phase
the two centrioles migrate to opposite poles of the nucleus of spermatid in which phase
golgi phase
hydrolytic enzyme of acrosome
hyaluronidase and trypsin like protease called acrosin
the nucleus flattened and condensed in which phase
acrosomal phase
the flagella elongates
in acrosomal phase
Unneeded cytoplasm is shed as aresidual body & phagocytosed by Sertoli cells.
maturation phase
The newly formed spermatozoa become disconnected from the Sertoli cells surface to lie free in the lumen of the seminiferous tubules
maturation phase
morphology of sertoli cells
tall columnar cells with basal oval nuclei
between the lateral borders of the two adjacent Sertoli cells just above the Spermatogonia.
tight occluding junctions
produce transport nutritive factors such as the irontransport protein transferrin
sertoli cells
exocrine and endocrine functions of sertoli cells
- testicular fluid
- Androgen binding protein
- inhibin that inhibit FSH by feedback mechanism
stimulates Leydig cells to secrete testosterone that stimulates spermatogenesis.
nterstitial cells stimulating hormone (LH)
stimulates Sertoli cells to secrete ABP
Follicle stimulating hormone(FSH)
prevent premature puberty
inhibin
Straight tubules begin at the end of the
seminiferous tubules, lined only by Sertoli cells
Tubuli recti
L of Tubuli recti
sertoli cells
Anastomosing & branched tubules in mediastinum testis & lined by cubical epithelium.
rete testis
location of rete testis
mediastinum testis
L of Rete testis
Cubical epithelium
absorb most of the fluid secreted into
the seminiferous tubules
non ciliated cubical cells of casa efferentia
Pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium with steriocilia
Vas Deferens
the prostate gland is
- a collection of 30-50 tubuloacinar glands, in a dense fibomuscular stroma in which smooth muscle contracts at ejaculation & the whole gland is covered by capsule (fibroelastic)
the prostatic zones
- transitional zone: 5%: periurethral mucosal
- central zone: 20%: periurethral submucosal
- peripheral: 70%: main glands
the lumen of the acini contains
prostatic concretion (calcified glycoprotien)
corpora amylacea in old ages
function of prostate gland
secretes phosphatase, amylase, citric acid, prostaglandins and prostate specific protien
senile hyperplasia occur in
mucosal and submucosal glands
malignant tumor occur in
main acini
function of seminal vesicle
secretes yellowish viscid alkaline fluid
rich in fructose, vitamin D, prostaglandins and fibrinogen which allows semen to liquify after ejaculation
at the puberty the ovaries contains about how many …. oocytes
300K
L of the surafce of the ovary
simple cuboidal (called germinal epithelium)
the primordial follicle formed during
fetal life
primordial follicle is surrounded by
single layer of flattened follicular cells
the follicular cells are simple cubical epi. in which stage
unilaminar primary follicle
growth of the oocyte in which stage
unilaminar primary follicle
the granulosa cell formed in which stage
multilaminar primary follicles
the granulosa communicate with each other by
gap junction
each stage to shape of follicular cells
- primordial follicles
- unilaminary primary
- multilaminar primary
- flattened
- simple cubical
- stratified follicular (granulosa cells)
appear of zona pellucida in
multilaminar primary f
formed of spindle shaped cells
theca interna
function of spindle shaped cells
secrete androstenedione which is converted to estradiol (Estrogen) by aromatase in the granulosa that return to theca to be secreted in cappilaries around.
what penetrate the zona pellucida
filopodia of granulosa, microvilli of oocyte
function of Zona p.
The zona pellucida contain
important receptors ZP3& ZP4 are important
sperm receptors, binding specific ptns on the
sperm surface and inducing acrosomal
activation.
the granulosa secrete secrete fluid (liquor folliculi) in
secondary (antral follicle)
the follicular fluid contains
hyaloronic acid, growth factors, fibrinogen, proteins and steroids
ovulation is stimulated by
LH hormone
releases the hormone inhibin that shuts off FSH release by the anteriorpituitary
MGF
effect of LH on ovulation
- increase in the blood flow to the ovary
- increase in the intra-follicular fluid
- increase intra-follicular pressure
secrete progesterone
granulosa lutein cells by stimulation of LH
secrete estrogen
theca interna lutein by the stimulation of LH
stimulate the granulosa lutein and theca interna lutein to secrete progesterone and estrogen, respectively
LH
L of fallopian tube
Simple columnar partially ciliated and
secretory Peg cells.
contains secretory peg cells
fallopian tube
L of uterus
simple columnar partially ciliated
type of glands in uterus
simple tubular glands
In-between the glands of uterus
- stromal cells (fibroblast or decidual cells)
- Collagen & reticular
- uterine blood vessels
- Granular leukocytes, lymphocytes, macrophages
the layer of endometrium richer in ground substance and more spongier lamina
superficial functional layer
phases of menstrual cycle
- Menstrual phase (3-4 days)
- Proliferative phase (8-10)
- secretory phase begins oa ovulation & last about 14 days
the thickness of the endomedtrium at the end of the menstrual phase
0.5 mm
the thickness of the endomedtrium at the end of the proliferative phase
2-3 mm
inhibits strong contractions of myometrium that might interfere with embryo implantation
progesterone
Major source of embryonic nutrition during implantation.
Uterine gland secretion
Uterine glands become highly coiled in
Secretory phase
stimulates epithelial cells of uterine glands that
formed during the proliferative phase to accumulate glycogen
Progesterone
Progesterone stimulates epithelial cells of uterine glands that formed during the proliferative phase to accumulate
glycogen
the thickness of the endometrium at the end of the secretory phase
5 mm
the fundus of uterus covered by
body of uterus covered by
serosa (flat squamous cells mesothelia)
adventitia
cervical secretion at the time of ovularion
maximal, watery and facilitate sperm movement through uterus
cervical secretion in luteal phase
Mucous secretion become more viscous & hinder passage of both sperms and microoraganisms into body of uterus
cervical secretion during pergnany
highly viscous fromin plug in endocervial canal
The cervix does not expand during
pregnancy, but it dilates during labour due to
action of
collagenase enzyme
epithelial cells of vagina synthesize
& accumulate glycogen by stimulation of
estrogen
Mean thinning or atrophy of vaginal
epithelium
atrophic vaginitis
atrophic vaginits caused by decreased ……….levels
estrogen
dilated area of Lactiferous duct near to
nipple called
laciferous sinus
the lobes of mammary glands are separated by
dense CT
the stroma of the mammary glands are derived from and consists of
dermis of skin
consists of
1. interlobar septa: thick fibrous CT that divides glands into lobes
2. interlobular septa: thin CT that divides lobes into lobules
3. adipose C.T
At ovulation (peak estrogen levels) and premenstrual
phase of the cycle: epithelial of small ducts become
columnar
L of lactifirous ducts
simple cuboidal
L of Lactiferous sinus
stratified cuboidal
L of opening to nipple
stratified squamous keratinized
Fetal part of placenta
Chorionic villi separated by intra-villous spaces
maternal part of the placenta
decidua basalis
situated between embryo itself &
myometrium
decidua basalis
between embryo & lumen of
uterus
decidua capsularis
the remainder of decidua
decidua parietalis
what happened to fibroblast in decidua
the fibroblast become enlarged, polygonal, and more active in protein synthesis
the decidua cells?
Fibroblasts that become enlarged & polygonal, more active in protein synthesis
the trophoblast that mitotically active
Cyto-trophoblast
difference between cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast
C
1. inner layer mitotically active
2. on layer of simple cubical epithelium with clear cell boundaries, rests on basement membrane
3. Synthesize (anti-inflammatory cytokines) to
prevent uterine reaction to the implanted
embryo
S
1. outer layer mitotically non active
2. One layer of cubical cell, cells fuse to form
continuous cytoplasmic mass that lacks any
cell boundaries.
3. have microvilli and many receptors
Synthesize (anti-inflammatory cytokines) to
prevent uterine reaction to the implanted
embryo
Cyto-trophoplast
The cyto-trophoblast
disappear after the
fourth month
After the fourth month of pregnancy what happen to trophoblast
The cyto-trophoblast disappear and villi are covered only by Syncytio-trophoblast
have central cilium
macula densa
secrete inhibin hormone
Sertoli cells
in which follicle phase
Formation of specialized secretory granules containing proteasesd called cortical granules
unilaminar primary follicle
