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2nd Year Adrenergic Blockers > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

what is renal interstitium

A

reticular C.T with blood vessels

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2
Q

The other name of renal corpuscle

A

Malpighan corpuscle

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3
Q

the other name of large collecting ducts

A

pappilary ducts, Duct of bellini

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4
Q

Renal corpuscles are located in

A

cortex

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5
Q

what is the type of junction of the slit diaphragm

A

modified tight junctions

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6
Q

what proteins are in the slit diaphragm

A

nephrins

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7
Q

diameter of the renal corpuscle

A

200 micron

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8
Q

the GBM formed from

A

Glomerular capillary basal lamina and podocyte basal lamina

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9
Q

the layers of the GBM from outside to inside

A

Lamina Lucida External
Lamina Densa
Lamina Lucida Interna

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10
Q

Function of Fenestrated Capillary endothelium

A

block the Blood cells & Platelets

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11
Q

Thick combined (GBM)

A

Restrict large proteins as plasma proteins

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12
Q

slit diaphragms

A

restrict small proteins

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13
Q

which proteins that removed to filtrate

A

smaller proteins as polypeptide hormones

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14
Q

What happen to GBM in diabetes mellitus

A

protinuria

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15
Q

the reabsorption of sodium by aldosterone occur in

A

DCT

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16
Q

prominent basal folds and lateral interdigitations in

A

PCT

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17
Q

Reabsorption of all organic nutrients (glucose , amino acids, vitamins), all proteins, most water, and electrolytes occur in

A

PCT

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18
Q

what produce erythropiotein in kidney

A

Fibroblastic interstitial cells in cortical tissue around proximal tubule

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19
Q

L of membranous part of urethra

L for Lining

A

stratified columnar with patches of pseudo st columnar

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20
Q

L of prostatic urethra

A

transitional epithelium

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21
Q

How many lobes of the mammary glands?

A

15-25 lobes

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22
Q

the type of mammary glands?

A

Compound tubulo alveolar

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23
Q

What is the parenchyma of mammary glands?

A

formed of the duct system + Alveoli (inactive or active)
embedded in loose, vascular conncetive tissue

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24
Q

secrete testosterone

A

leydig cells

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25
Q

the stroma of testis consists of

A
  1. capsule(tunica vaginalis, albuginea, vasculosa)
  2. septa
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26
Q

the parenchyma of the testis consists of

A
  1. semineferous tubules
  2. interstitial leydig cells
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27
Q

visceral layer of the peritoneum around the testis

A

tunica vaginalis

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28
Q

Tunica albuginea: outer dense fibrous C.T. It
is thickened posteriorly to form

A

mediastinum testis from which septa arise and divide the gland

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29
Q

the septa arise from

A

mediastinum testis

thickened part of tunica albuginea

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30
Q

contains myoid cells

A

semineferous tubules

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31
Q

role of myoid cells

A

allow weak contractions of the
tubule pushing the sperm outside

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32
Q

L of semineferous tubules

A

germinal epithelium

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33
Q

Formation of fully formed sperm
Take about

A

10 weeks

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34
Q

Mean differentiation of
progenitor cells (spermatogonia)
into spermatids

A

Spermatogenesis

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35
Q

Mean differentiation of
spermatids into spermatozoa

A

Spermiogenesis

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36
Q

morphology of spermatogonia

A

small rounded cells with rounded central nuclei

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37
Q

act as reserve cells in the germinal epithelium

A

Dark type A spermatogonia

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38
Q

divide by mitosis to give type B

A

pale type A

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39
Q

the largest cells in spermatogenic cells

A

primary spermatocyte

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40
Q

which have larger nuclei type A or type B

A

type B

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41
Q

the first miotic division occur

A

at puberty
transform from primary spermatocyte to secondary spermatocyte

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42
Q

phases of spermiogenesis

A

Golgi phase
Cap phase
Acrosomal phase
Maturation phase

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43
Q

apperance of acrosomal granules in which phase

A

Golgi phase

these granule coalesce together to form acrosomal vesicle

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44
Q

the chromatin of the nucleus is condensed in which phase

A

cap phase

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45
Q

the two centrioles migrate to opposite poles of the nucleus of spermatid in which phase

A

golgi phase

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46
Q

hydrolytic enzyme of acrosome

A

hyaluronidase and trypsin like protease called acrosin

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47
Q

the nucleus flattened and condensed in which phase

A

acrosomal phase

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48
Q

the flagella elongates

A

in acrosomal phase

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49
Q

Unneeded cytoplasm is shed as aresidual body & phagocytosed by Sertoli cells.

A

maturation phase

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50
Q

The newly formed spermatozoa become disconnected from the Sertoli cells surface to lie free in the lumen of the seminiferous tubules

A

maturation phase

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51
Q

morphology of sertoli cells

A

tall columnar cells with basal oval nuclei

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52
Q

between the lateral borders of the two adjacent Sertoli cells just above the Spermatogonia.

A

tight occluding junctions

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53
Q

produce transport nutritive factors such as the irontransport protein transferrin

A

sertoli cells

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54
Q

exocrine and endocrine functions of sertoli cells

A
  1. testicular fluid
  2. Androgen binding protein
  3. inhibin that inhibit FSH by feedback mechanism
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55
Q

stimulates Leydig cells to secrete testosterone that stimulates spermatogenesis.

A

nterstitial cells stimulating hormone (LH)

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56
Q

stimulates Sertoli cells to secrete ABP

A

Follicle stimulating hormone(FSH)

57
Q

prevent premature puberty

A

inhibin

58
Q

Straight tubules begin at the end of the
seminiferous tubules, lined only by Sertoli cells

A

Tubuli recti

59
Q

L of Tubuli recti

A

sertoli cells

60
Q

Anastomosing & branched tubules in mediastinum testis & lined by cubical epithelium.

A

rete testis

61
Q

location of rete testis

A

mediastinum testis

62
Q

L of Rete testis

A

Cubical epithelium

63
Q

absorb most of the fluid secreted into
the seminiferous tubules

A

non ciliated cubical cells of casa efferentia

64
Q

Pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium with steriocilia

A

Vas Deferens

65
Q

the prostate gland is

A
  1. a collection of 30-50 tubuloacinar glands, in a dense fibomuscular stroma in which smooth muscle contracts at ejaculation & the whole gland is covered by capsule (fibroelastic)
66
Q

the prostatic zones

A
  1. transitional zone: 5%: periurethral mucosal
  2. central zone: 20%: periurethral submucosal
  3. peripheral: 70%: main glands
67
Q

the lumen of the acini contains

A

prostatic concretion (calcified glycoprotien)
corpora amylacea in old ages

68
Q

function of prostate gland

A

secretes phosphatase, amylase, citric acid, prostaglandins and prostate specific protien

69
Q

senile hyperplasia occur in

A

mucosal and submucosal glands

70
Q

malignant tumor occur in

A

main acini

71
Q

function of seminal vesicle

A

secretes yellowish viscid alkaline fluid
rich in fructose, vitamin D, prostaglandins and fibrinogen which allows semen to liquify after ejaculation

72
Q

at the puberty the ovaries contains about how many …. oocytes

A

300K

73
Q

L of the surafce of the ovary

A

simple cuboidal (called germinal epithelium)

74
Q

the primordial follicle formed during

A

fetal life

75
Q

primordial follicle is surrounded by

A

single layer of flattened follicular cells

76
Q

the follicular cells are simple cubical epi. in which stage

A

unilaminar primary follicle

77
Q

growth of the oocyte in which stage

A

unilaminar primary follicle

78
Q

the granulosa cell formed in which stage

A

multilaminar primary follicles

79
Q

the granulosa communicate with each other by

A

gap junction

80
Q

each stage to shape of follicular cells

  1. primordial follicles
  2. unilaminary primary
  3. multilaminar primary
A
  1. flattened
  2. simple cubical
  3. stratified follicular (granulosa cells)
81
Q

appear of zona pellucida in

A

multilaminar primary f

82
Q

formed of spindle shaped cells

A

theca interna

83
Q

function of spindle shaped cells

A

secrete androstenedione which is converted to estradiol (Estrogen) by aromatase in the granulosa that return to theca to be secreted in cappilaries around.

84
Q

what penetrate the zona pellucida

A

filopodia of granulosa, microvilli of oocyte

85
Q

function of Zona p.

A

The zona pellucida contain
important receptors ZP3& ZP4 are important
sperm receptors, binding specific ptns on the
sperm surface and inducing acrosomal
activation.

86
Q

the granulosa secrete secrete fluid (liquor folliculi) in

A

secondary (antral follicle)

87
Q

the follicular fluid contains

A

hyaloronic acid, growth factors, fibrinogen, proteins and steroids

88
Q

ovulation is stimulated by

A

LH hormone

89
Q

releases the hormone inhibin that shuts off FSH release by the anteriorpituitary

A

MGF

90
Q

effect of LH on ovulation

A
  1. increase in the blood flow to the ovary
  2. increase in the intra-follicular fluid
  3. increase intra-follicular pressure
91
Q

secrete progesterone

A

granulosa lutein cells by stimulation of LH

92
Q

secrete estrogen

A

theca interna lutein by the stimulation of LH

93
Q

stimulate the granulosa lutein and theca interna lutein to secrete progesterone and estrogen, respectively

A

LH

94
Q

L of fallopian tube

A

Simple columnar partially ciliated and
secretory Peg cells.

95
Q

contains secretory peg cells

A

fallopian tube

96
Q

L of uterus

A

simple columnar partially ciliated

97
Q

type of glands in uterus

A

simple tubular glands

98
Q

In-between the glands of uterus

A
  1. stromal cells (fibroblast or decidual cells)
  2. Collagen & reticular
  3. uterine blood vessels
  4. Granular leukocytes, lymphocytes, macrophages
99
Q

the layer of endometrium richer in ground substance and more spongier lamina

A

superficial functional layer

100
Q

phases of menstrual cycle

A
  1. Menstrual phase (3-4 days)
  2. Proliferative phase (8-10)
  3. secretory phase begins oa ovulation & last about 14 days
101
Q

the thickness of the endomedtrium at the end of the menstrual phase

A

0.5 mm

102
Q

the thickness of the endomedtrium at the end of the proliferative phase

A

2-3 mm

103
Q

inhibits strong contractions of myometrium that might interfere with embryo implantation

A

progesterone

104
Q

Major source of embryonic nutrition during implantation.

A

Uterine gland secretion

105
Q

Uterine glands become highly coiled in

A

Secretory phase

106
Q

stimulates epithelial cells of uterine glands that
formed during the proliferative phase to accumulate glycogen

A

Progesterone

107
Q

Progesterone stimulates epithelial cells of uterine glands that formed during the proliferative phase to accumulate

A

glycogen

108
Q

the thickness of the endometrium at the end of the secretory phase

A

5 mm

109
Q

the fundus of uterus covered by
body of uterus covered by

A

serosa (flat squamous cells mesothelia)
adventitia

110
Q

cervical secretion at the time of ovularion

A

maximal, watery and facilitate sperm movement through uterus

111
Q

cervical secretion in luteal phase

A

Mucous secretion become more viscous & hinder passage of both sperms and microoraganisms into body of uterus

112
Q

cervical secretion during pergnany

A

highly viscous fromin plug in endocervial canal

113
Q

The cervix does not expand during
pregnancy, but it dilates during labour due to
action of

A

collagenase enzyme

114
Q

epithelial cells of vagina synthesize
& accumulate glycogen by stimulation of

A

estrogen

115
Q

Mean thinning or atrophy of vaginal
epithelium

A

atrophic vaginitis

116
Q

atrophic vaginits caused by decreased ……….levels

A

estrogen

117
Q

dilated area of Lactiferous duct near to
nipple called

A

laciferous sinus

118
Q

the lobes of mammary glands are separated by

A

dense CT

119
Q

the stroma of the mammary glands are derived from and consists of

A

dermis of skin
consists of
1. interlobar septa: thick fibrous CT that divides glands into lobes
2. interlobular septa: thin CT that divides lobes into lobules
3. adipose C.T

120
Q

At ovulation (peak estrogen levels) and premenstrual
phase of the cycle: epithelial of small ducts become

A

columnar

121
Q

L of lactifirous ducts

A

simple cuboidal

122
Q

L of Lactiferous sinus

A

stratified cuboidal

123
Q

L of opening to nipple

A

stratified squamous keratinized

124
Q

Fetal part of placenta

A

Chorionic villi separated by intra-villous spaces

125
Q

maternal part of the placenta

A

decidua basalis

126
Q

situated between embryo itself &
myometrium

A

decidua basalis

127
Q

between embryo & lumen of
uterus

A

decidua capsularis

128
Q

the remainder of decidua

A

decidua parietalis

129
Q

what happened to fibroblast in decidua

A

the fibroblast become enlarged, polygonal, and more active in protein synthesis

130
Q

the decidua cells?

A

Fibroblasts that become enlarged & polygonal, more active in protein synthesis

131
Q

the trophoblast that mitotically active

A

Cyto-trophoblast

132
Q

difference between cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast

A

C
1. inner layer mitotically active
2. on layer of simple cubical epithelium with clear cell boundaries, rests on basement membrane
3. Synthesize (anti-inflammatory cytokines) to
prevent uterine reaction to the implanted
embryo
S
1. outer layer mitotically non active
2. One layer of cubical cell, cells fuse to form
continuous cytoplasmic mass that lacks any
cell boundaries.
3. have microvilli and many receptors

133
Q

Synthesize (anti-inflammatory cytokines) to
prevent uterine reaction to the implanted
embryo

A

Cyto-trophoplast

134
Q

The cyto-trophoblast
disappear after the

A

fourth month

135
Q

After the fourth month of pregnancy what happen to trophoblast

A

The cyto-trophoblast disappear and villi are covered only by Syncytio-trophoblast

136
Q

have central cilium

A

macula densa

137
Q

secrete inhibin hormone

A

Sertoli cells

138
Q

in which follicle phase

Formation of specialized secretory granules containing proteasesd called cortical granules

A

unilaminar primary follicle

2nd Year Adrenergic Blockers (12 decks)

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