Anatomy 2 Flashcards
the boundaries of the perineum
anterior angle: inferior pubic ligament
posterior: tip of coccyx
lateral: ischial tuberosities
Sides: pubic arch(Ant.), sacrotuberous ligament (Pos.)
Boundaries of the urogenital diaphragm
Anteriorly: Symphysis pubis
Posteriorly: Transverse line passing through the 2
ischial tuberosities.
Laterally: Ischiopubic rami & ischial tuberosities.
the layer of the pelvic diaphragm from upper to lower
- superior fascia of Uro D
- Deep Perineal Pouch
- inferior Fascia of Uro D (Perineal membrane)
- superficial perineal pouch
- membranous layer of te superficial fascia
- fatty layer of superficial fascia
Uro D for urogenital diaphragm
the other name of
1. superficial fatty layer of superficial fascia
2. deep membranous layer of superficial fascia
- camper fascia
- colle’s fascia
كوليز مكمبر يعني كوليز جوا و كامبر برا
fused with the posterior margin of the perineal membrane
- deep membranous layer of superficial fascia
- superior fascia of urogenital diaphragm
Boundaries of superficial pouch
Inferiorly:Membranous layer of superficial fascia.
Superiorly: Perineal membrane.
Laterally: Pubic arch.
Posteriorly: Fusion of the membranous layer of superficial fascia with the posterior border of
the perineal membrane.
Anteriorly: The pouch is open and is continuous with the interval between the membranous layer of superficial fascia of the anterior abdominal wall (external oblique aponeurosis).
contents of superficial perineal pouch in females
- bulb of vestibule
- crura of clitoris
- greater vestibular gland
- bulbspongiosus
- ischiocavernosus
- superficial traverse perineal muscle
- perineal branch of pudendal nerve
تلاته عليهم تلاته و نيرف
Boundaries of DEEP PERINEAL POUCH
-Inferiorly : Perineal membrane.
-Superiorly: Pelvic fascia.
-Laterally : Pubic arch.
-Anteriorly: Fusion of the pelvic fascia with the anterior border of
perineal membrane.
-Posteriorly: fusion of the pelvic fascia with the posterior border of
the perineal membrane
Contents of Deep Perineal Pouch in female
- part of urethra
- part of vagina
- spincter urethrae muscle
- deep tranverse perineal muscle
- internal pudnedal vessels
- dorsal nerve of clitoris
CONTENTS OF DEEP PERINEAL POUCH IN MALE
1.Membranous part of urethra.
2.Sphincter urethrae muscle
3.Deep transversus perinei muscle.
4.Bulbourethral gland.
5.Internal pudendal vessels.
6.Dorsal nerves of the penis.
7.Vessels of the bulb
greater vestibular gland are located in?
superficial perineal pouch in females
bulbourethral gland are located in?
deep perineal pouch in males
dorsal nerves of penis and clitoris in?
deep perineal pouch
Boundaries of ischiorectal fossa
Boundaries:
* Base: Skin of the perineum.
* Medial wall: Levator ani & anal canal.
* Lateral wall: Obturator internus, covered with fascia
contents of of ischiorectal fossa
- Dense fat.
- Pudendal nerve & internal pudendal vessels within the pudendal canal
- Inferior rectal nerve & vessels crossing the fossa to reach anal canal
inferior rectal nerve crosss…. to go anal canal
ischorectal fossa
other name of the pudendal canal
alcock’s canal
origin of the pudendal nerve
S2 3 4
branches of the pudendal nerve
- inferior rectal nerve
- Perineal nerve
- dorsal nerve of penis/clitoris
IPD
origin of the internal pudendal artery
Anterior division of the internal iliac artery
branches of the internal pudendal artery
- inferior rectal
- perineal
- dorsal artery
- urethral
- bulb of penis/vestibule
- deep artery of penis/clitoris
IPD+UBD
Pierces deep fascia at lower border of
Pectoralis major
axillary tail of mammary gland
deep lymphatics of the mammary gland
lateral: anterior axillary, subscabular , apical
medial: parasternal
upper: apical axillary
lower: subdiaphragmatic and retroperitoneal
a groove lies between testis and epididymis
sinus of epididymis
arterial supply supply of testis and epididymis
Testicular artery is the branch of abdominal aorta
venous drainage of testis and epididymis
pampiniform plexus
then right testicular to IVC and left testicular to left renal vein
L drainage of testes and epididymis and ovaries
para aortic lymph nodes at L1
course of vas deferense
inguinal canal»deep inguinal ring»lateral margin of inferior epigastric vessels»Passes downward and backward on lateral
wall of the pelvis»crosses ureter»posterior surface of bladder» ejaculatory duct
Terminal part of vas deferens dilated to
form
ampulla of cas deferens
covering of the spermatic cord
external spermatic fascia: external oblique aponeurosis and attached to the superficial inguinal ring
cremastric muscle and fascia: internal oblique
internal spermatic fascia: fascia transversalis and attached to deep inguinal ring
Venous drainage of the prostate
Prostatic venous plexus:Situated between capsule of prostate and
fibrous sheath, receives deep dorsal vein of penis and numerous vesical veins
Drain into: Internal iliac vein
L drainage of prostate
External and internal iliac LN
Nerve supply of the prostate:
Inferior hypogastric plexuses:
Sympathetic nerves: Stimulate smooth muscle of prostate during ejaculation
Arterial supply of scrotum
external pudendal branches of femoral artery
scrotal branches of internal pudendal arteries
Veins of scrotum
1.External pudendal veins: Tributaries of great saphenous and
femoral veins
2.Scrotal veins: Tributaries of internal pudendal veins
LYMPH DRAINAGE OF SCROTUM
Medial group of superficial inguinal nodes
They are homologous to the bulbourethral (Cowper’s) glands in males
Bartholin glands (greater vestibular gland)
homologous to the male prostate
Skene’s gland
Lymphatic drainage of urethra
proximal: internal iliac
distal: superficial inguinal
Supply parietal peritoneum on lateral pelvic wall
Sensory branches of of obturator nerve in the pelvis
Nerve supply the cremaster muscle
genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
the ejaculatory ducts open to
- pierce upper part of posterior surface of prostate
- Open into posterior part of urethra at lateral margins of prostatic utricle
RELATIONS OF PROSTATE
Superiorly (Base of prostate):
Continuous with neck of the bladder
Urethra enters centre of base of prostate
Inferiorly (Apex of prostate):
Upper surface of urogenital diaphragm
Urethra leaves prostate just above apex on anterior surface
Laterally (lateral surface of prostate):
Anterior fibers of levator ani muscles (levator prostate)
Anteriorly (Anterior surface of prostate):
Symphysis pubis
Extraperitoneal fat in retropubic space (cave
of Retzius)
Puboprostatic ligament
Posteriorly:
Anterior surface of rectal ampulla
Rectovesical septum (fascia of Denonvillier);
formed in fetal life by fusion of walls of lower
end of rectovesical pouch
Venous drainage of the prostate
Prostatic venous plexus :Situated between capsule of prostate and fibrous sheath, receives deep dorsal
vein of penis and numerous vesical veins
Drain into: Internal iliac vein
position of ovary :
1)before prgenancy
2)during pregnancy
1)hanging down in rectouterine pouch
2)pulls ovary up due to enlargment of uterus
Supports of uterus
1.Tone of levator ani muscles.
2. Condensations of pelvic
fascia; ligaments: Transverse cervical (cardinal), pubocervical and sacrocervical ligaments
3. Round ligament of uterus
two mucous glands that lie
either side of the urethra
Skene’s gland
