Parasitology

Question 1

what are the stages of S.hematobium

Answer 1

1. stage of invasionn 1-4 days
2. stage of migration 3-4 weeks
3. stage of egg embolism 1-2 months
4. stage of chronicy

Question 2

what happen in invasion stage

Answer 2

the furcocercous cercaria penetrate the skin
intching, petechial heamorrhage , local edema

Question 3

what type of hypersensitivity does the eggs make

Answer 3

Hyper.s type 4

Question 4

what happens in stage of migration

Answer 4

Lung: cough, dyspnea, fever, hemoptysis (verminous pneumonitis)
Liver: enlarged liver (verminous hepatitis)
urticaria, muscle pain due to toxic products released by migrating worms

Question 5

what happens of stage of egg embolism

Answer 5

terminal hematuria, dysuria, frequency of urine , Eosinphiluria
Eggs are detected in this stage

Question 6

what happen in Chronicity stage

Answer 6

chronic bacteruria as 2nd infection
Recurrent urinary tract infection
Fibrosis&raquo_space; obstructive uropathy
eggs cannot be detected in this stage

Question 7

live in the large intestine

Answer 7

Enterobius Vermicularis

Question 8

Life cycle of enterobius vermicularis

Answer 8

1. adult worms live in the cecum
2. male worms die after fertilization
3. female worms migrate through the large intestine to the anus to lay sticky eggs on the perianal region
4. eggs swallowen and hatch in the intestine and larva moult twice to become adult

Question 9

mode of infection of Enterobium vermicularis

Answer 9

1. autoinfection hand-mouth
2. contaminated food and water
3. contaminated clothes
4. contaminated dust inhaled or swallowen
5. Retroinfection: Eggs hatch in the perianal region and the larva migrate back to the large intestine

Question 10

Pathogenesis and clinical picture of Enterobius vermicularis

Answer 10

Pruritus ani due to egg laying especially at night
Nocturnal enuresis due to irritation urethritis and cystitis
Nervous irritability and insomnia
vaginitis, pelvic peritonitis after salpingitis, appendicitis, diarhhea due to migration to small intestine

Question 11

Diagnosis of enterobius vermicularis

Answer 11

clinicaly pruritus ani and vulval itching
adult worms may be seen at anus ot in stools
eggs are rarely seen in stools
Swabing of anal and perianal region by
1. NIh swab
2. Scotch adhesive tape swap

Question 12

Treatment of Enterobius vermicularis

Answer 12

white oxide of mercury ointment
albendazole or mebendazole single oral dose every 2 weeks
all family member should be treated

Question 13

Treatment of Enterobius vermicularis

Answer 13

white oxide of mercury ointment
albendazole or mebendazole single oral dose every 2 weeks
all family member should be treated

Question 14

the other names of enterobius vermicularis

Answer 14

oxyuris
pinworm
seat worm

Question 15

transmission of Trochonomas Vaginalis

Answer 15

1. sexual contact
2. During deliver of neonate catch infection from birth canal causes vulvovaginitis and urethritis
3. toilet seats
4. latrogenic

Question 16

habitat of the T. vaginalis

Answer 16

urogenital tract of both male and female vagina, urethra, prostate

Question 17

t.vaginalis resides on …….. //feeds on …….// divides by …….

Answer 17

1. mm of vagina urethra prostate
2. bacteria and white blood cells
3. binary fission

Question 18

final host of T. vaginalis
diagnostic stage
infective stage

Answer 18

man
trophozite
trophozite

Question 19

How many types of surface adhesive proteins of T. vaginalis

Answer 19

4 types

Question 20

the adhesion to the surface epithelium result in

Answer 20

contact dependent cytopathic effect with subsequent killing of these cells without being phagocytosed by the trophozoites

Question 21

secrete cell detching factors

Answer 21

T. vaginalis

Question 22

pathogenesis of T. vaginalis

Answer 22

• Trophozoites then secretes cell detching
  factors results in detachment of these infected cells
  and pass as discharge(vaginal or urethral)
• This pathological changes facilitate 2ry
  bacterial infectionworse the symptoms

Question 23

cause profuse vaginal discharge

Answer 23

Trichomonas Vaginalis

Question 24

clinical picture of T. vaginalis

Answer 24

profuse vaginal discharge with pruritis and itching
Dysuria
Frequency
Urgency
infertility (vaginitis, cervicitis, prostatitis) results in hostile discharge, contains inflammatory cells, IgG, necrotic tissue that may affect sperm motility and increase of dead sperms

Question 25

causes painful ejaculation

Answer 25

T. vaginalis

Question 26

direct Diagnosis of t. vaginalis

Answer 26

swabs taken by coton stick from vaginal or urethral discharge for
1. microscopic examination to detect t. vaginalis
2. stain with trichrome stain
3. culture of diamonds medium

Question 27

Indirect diagnosis of t. vaginalis

Answer 27

a) Detection of specific antibodies using ELISA
b) Identification of trophozoites by IFAT using
monoclonal antibody test
c) Immunochromatography test(dipstick): that
able to detect Trophozoite antigen in
urine,urethral and vaginal discharge with in
10 min(freezing and transportation of
specimens do not alter the test result

Question 28

pathogenesis of T. vaginalis

Answer 28

1. contact mm and adhere to them with 4 types of surface adhesive proteins
2. causes contact dependent cytopathic effect with subsequent killing of these cells without being phagocytosed by the trophozoites
3. Trophozoites then secretes cell detching factors detachment of these infected cells and pass as discharge(vaginal or urethral)
4. This pathological changes facilitate 2ry bacterial infectionworse the symptoms

Question 29

causes preterm labour

Answer 29

trichonomas vaginalis

Question 30

causes neonatal infection

Answer 30

Trichonomas Vaginalis cause neonatal vulvovaginitis to female babies

Question 31

Should treat both partners

Answer 31

T. Vaginalis