Parasitology Flashcards
what are the stages of S.hematobium
- stage of invasionn 1-4 days
- stage of migration 3-4 weeks
- stage of egg embolism 1-2 months
- stage of chronicy
what happen in invasion stage
the furcocercous cercaria penetrate the skin
intching, petechial heamorrhage , local edema
what type of hypersensitivity does the eggs make
Hyper.s type 4
what happens in stage of migration
Lung: cough, dyspnea, fever, hemoptysis (verminous pneumonitis)
Liver: enlarged liver (verminous hepatitis)
urticaria, muscle pain due to toxic products released by migrating worms
what happens of stage of egg embolism
terminal hematuria, dysuria, frequency of urine , Eosinphiluria
Eggs are detected in this stage
what happen in Chronicity stage
chronic bacteruria as 2nd infection
Recurrent urinary tract infection
Fibrosis»_space; obstructive uropathy
eggs cannot be detected in this stage
live in the large intestine
Enterobius Vermicularis
Life cycle of enterobius vermicularis
- adult worms live in the cecum
- male worms die after fertilization
- female worms migrate through the large intestine to the anus to lay sticky eggs on the perianal region
- eggs swallowen and hatch in the intestine and larva moult twice to become adult
mode of infection of Enterobium vermicularis
- autoinfection hand-mouth
- contaminated food and water
- contaminated clothes
- contaminated dust inhaled or swallowen
- Retroinfection: Eggs hatch in the perianal region and the larva migrate back to the large intestine
Pathogenesis and clinical picture of Enterobius vermicularis
Pruritus ani due to egg laying especially at night
Nocturnal enuresis due to irritation urethritis and cystitis
Nervous irritability and insomnia
vaginitis, pelvic peritonitis after salpingitis, appendicitis, diarhhea due to migration to small intestine
Diagnosis of enterobius vermicularis
clinicaly pruritus ani and vulval itching
adult worms may be seen at anus ot in stools
eggs are rarely seen in stools
Swabing of anal and perianal region by
1. NIh swab
2. Scotch adhesive tape swap
Treatment of Enterobius vermicularis
white oxide of mercury ointment
albendazole or mebendazole single oral dose every 2 weeks
all family member should be treated
Treatment of Enterobius vermicularis
white oxide of mercury ointment
albendazole or mebendazole single oral dose every 2 weeks
all family member should be treated
the other names of enterobius vermicularis
oxyuris
pinworm
seat worm
transmission of Trochonomas Vaginalis
- sexual contact
- During deliver of neonate catch infection from birth canal causes vulvovaginitis and urethritis
- toilet seats
- latrogenic
habitat of the T. vaginalis
urogenital tract of both male and female vagina, urethra, prostate
t.vaginalis resides on …….. //feeds on …….// divides by …….
- mm of vagina urethra prostate
- bacteria and white blood cells
- binary fission
final host of T. vaginalis
diagnostic stage
infective stage
man
trophozite
trophozite
How many types of surface adhesive proteins of T. vaginalis
4 types
the adhesion to the surface epithelium result in
contact dependent cytopathic effect with subsequent killing of these cells without being phagocytosed by the trophozoites
secrete cell detching factors
T. vaginalis
pathogenesis of T. vaginalis
- Trophozoites then secretes cell detching
factors results in detachment of these infected cells
and pass as discharge(vaginal or urethral) - This pathological changes facilitate 2ry
bacterial infectionworse the symptoms
cause profuse vaginal discharge
Trichomonas Vaginalis
clinical picture of T. vaginalis
profuse vaginal discharge with pruritis and itching
Dysuria
Frequency
Urgency
infertility (vaginitis, cervicitis, prostatitis) results in hostile discharge, contains inflammatory cells, IgG, necrotic tissue that may affect sperm motility and increase of dead sperms
causes painful ejaculation
T. vaginalis
direct Diagnosis of t. vaginalis
swabs taken by coton stick from vaginal or urethral discharge for
1. microscopic examination to detect t. vaginalis
2. stain with trichrome stain
3. culture of diamonds medium
Indirect diagnosis of t. vaginalis
a) Detection of specific antibodies using ELISA
b) Identification of trophozoites by IFAT using
monoclonal antibody test
c) Immunochromatography test(dipstick): that
able to detect Trophozoite antigen in
urine,urethral and vaginal discharge with in
10 min(freezing and transportation of
specimens do not alter the test result
pathogenesis of T. vaginalis
- contact mm and adhere to them with 4 types of surface adhesive proteins
- causes contact dependent cytopathic effect with subsequent killing of these cells without being phagocytosed by the trophozoites
- Trophozoites then secretes cell detching factors detachment of these infected cells and pass as discharge(vaginal or urethral)
- This pathological changes facilitate 2ry bacterial infectionworse the symptoms
causes preterm labour
trichonomas vaginalis
causes neonatal infection
Trichonomas Vaginalis cause neonatal vulvovaginitis to female babies
Should treat both partners
T. Vaginalis
