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Medical Terminology > Pathologic Conditions > Flashcards

Pathologic Conditions Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

anorexia

A

거식증

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2
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

신경성 거식증

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3
Q

ascites

A

복수가 찬 것

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4
Q

Cause of Ascites

A

간이 나빠져 알부민 감소해 피의 삼투압이 감소해 물이 밖으로 빠져나감

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5
Q

dysphagia

A

연하곤란증(삼키는 것이 어려움)

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6
Q

Cause of Dysphagia

A

근육 이상 -> 신경 이상일 수 있음

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7
Q

jaundice

A

icterus, 황달

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8
Q

icterus

A

jaundice, 황달

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9
Q

Cause of Jaundice

A

간에서 bile 만드는 데 문제 생겨 bilirubin이 돌아다니며 노랗게 보임

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10
Q

hematochezia

A

혈변

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11
Q

melena

A

흑색변

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12
Q

steatorrhea

A

지방변

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13
Q

Cause of Steatorrhea

A

간 이상일 수 있음

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14
Q

aphthous stomatitis

A

아프타성 구내염

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15
Q

dental caries

A

충치

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16
Q

oral leukoplakia

A

입 안 흰 반점

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17
Q

periodontal disease

A

치주의 병

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18
Q

gingivitis

A

치주염

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19
Q

Characteristic of Oral leukoplakia

A

구내암 의심 가능

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20
Q

achalasia

A

근육 약화되어 잘 못 삼킴

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21
Q

Characteristic of achalasia

A

분문쪽

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22
Q

esophageal varices

A

식도정맥류

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23
Q

aneurysm

A

동맥류(혈관 부풀어오름)

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24
Q

varices

A

정맥류(혈관 부풀어오름)

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25
Q

Cause of Esophageal varices

A

간경화>간의 portal vein으로 못 감>식도로>정맥커짐>식도 bleeding 쉬워짐

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26
Q

GERD

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease 역류성 식도염

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27
Q

gastric cancer

A

위암

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28
Q

peptic ulcer

A

소화성 궤양, 위궤양

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29
Q

herina

A

탈장

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30
Q

hiatal hernia

A

장이 위로 올라가 가슴에서 장 소리 들리는 탈장

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31
Q

inguinal hernia

A

서혜부 탈장, inguinal(groin)쪽 canal로 testes가 빠져나감

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32
Q

Cause of Hiatal hernia

A

횡격막 약한 사람이 추락해서 배에 충격 등등의 경우

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33
Q

Cause of Inguinal hernia

A

원래 막혀 있어야 할 관이 약한 경우 관으로 장이 빠져나와 내려감

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34
Q

Characteristic of Inguinal hernia

A

배에 힘을 주면 음낭 커짐

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35
Q

crohn’s disease

A

크론병(면역 문제, 장 전체 염증)

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36
Q

diverticulosis

A

게실증(벽이 얇아지면서 튀어나오게 됨)

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37
Q

ileus

A

장폐색(장 motility 떨어져 소화 안 됨)

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38
Q

intussusception

A

장 중첩(장이 끼어들어감)

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39
Q

Characteristic of Intussusception

A

응급, 빨리 수술 필요, 배를 만져봐야 알 수 있음

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40
Q

volvulus

A

장이 꼬여 혈액 공급 안 되고 통증 심함

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41
Q

Characteristic of Volvulus

A

X-Ray: coffee bean sign

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42
Q

dysentery

A

이질(diarrhea containing blood and mucus)

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43
Q

Cause of Dysentery

A

inflammation of the walls of the GI tract, colon especially

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44
Q

IBS

A

irritable bowel syndrome 과민성 대장 증후군

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45
Q

Characteristic of IBS

A

원인 불명의 설사와 변비 반복

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46
Q

appendicitis

A

충수돌기염

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47
Q

peritonitis

A

복막염

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48
Q

Characteristic of Appendicitis

A

충수돌기 커져서 터지면 peritonitis

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49
Q

colonic polyps

A

결장용종

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50
Q

polyps

A

용종

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51
Q

Characteristic of Polyps

A

대부분 한두개 이상 존재, 작은 거는 두고 큰 거는 떼어냄

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52
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

궤양성 대장염

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53
Q

colorectal cancer

A

colon과 rectum 쪽 암

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54
Q

Characteristic of Colorectal cancer

A

직장암이 대장암보다 나쁘며 colostomy 필요

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55
Q

hemorrhoid

A

치질

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56
Q

anal fistula

A

치루

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57
Q

Characteristic of Hemorrhoid

A

external: pain
internal: less pain, more bleeding

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58
Q

Treatment of hemorrhoid

A

use clip to cut off

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59
Q

Characteristic of anal fistula

A

구멍이 난 것

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60
Q

cirrhosis

A

간 경화

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61
Q

hepatoma

A

간 종양

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62
Q

cholelithiasis

A

담석증

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63
Q

cholangiocarcinoma

A

담도암

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64
Q

pancreatic cancer

A

췌장암

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65
Q

Characteristic of Cirrhosis

A

간의 섬유가 늘어나고 세포가 죽어서 간이 굳음, 이식밖에 답 없음

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66
Q

Characteristic of Hepatoma

A

보통 여러 곳에서 생김, embolism으로 간 세포 죽이고 repeat

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67
Q

embolism

A

색전

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68
Q

Characteristic of Cholelithiasis

A

담석이 내려오다 관 등을 막으면 극심한 통증

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69
Q

Characteristic of Cholangiocarcinoma

A

gallbladder에 암, 기대 수명 1년 이내

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70
Q

Characteristic of Pancreatic cancer

A

대부분 안쪽에 생겨 췌장뿐 아니라 duodenum, cholangio 등도 함께 제거하는 경우 많은, 바로 뒤쪽에 대동맥 있어서 수술 위험, 자각증상 적고 비특이적

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71
Q

glomerulonephritis

A

신사구체염, 신장염

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72
Q

interstitial nephritis

A

간질성 신장염

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73
Q

interstitium

A

가운데에 생기는 틈(kidney에서는 tube 사이의 공간)

74
Q

nephrolithiasis

A

신석증

75
Q

nephrotic syndrome

A

신증후군

76
Q

edema

A

부종

77
Q

hypoalbuminemia

A

혈액의 알부민 부족

78
Q

Characteristic of nephrotic syndrome

A

albumin이 소변으로 배출(hypoalbuminemia)>혈액 삼투 감소>물이 혈액에서 조직으로 이동>edema

79
Q

pyelonephritis

A

신우신염

80
Q

pyelo-

A

renal pelvis, 신우

81
Q

renal failure

A

신부전, 기능 못함

82
Q

renal hypertension

A

신장성 고혈압

83
Q

PCK

A

polycystic kidney disease 신장 안의 관들이 커져서 생기는 병

84
Q

wilms tumor

A

신장에 생기는 tumour

85
Q

diabetes insipidus

A

요붕증(비정상적인 다량의 오줌)

86
Q

Cause of Diabetes insipidus

A

뇌하수체 후엽 > ADH/vasopressin (항이뇨 호르몬) > HR체계 망가짐 > 소변 다량 배출

87
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

당뇨병

88
Q

Characteristic of Diabetes mellitus

A

Polyuria 소변 많음
Polydypsia 갈증 많음
Polyphasia 식사 많음

89
Q

croup

A

개처럼 짖는다

90
Q

diphtheria

A

흰 막이 입 안에 생김

91
Q

epistaxis

A

코피

92
Q

pertussis

A

백일해(기침을 많이 하는)

93
Q

asthma

A

천식

94
Q

Cause of Asthma

A

bronchus가 수죽하는 알러지

95
Q

bronchiectasis

A

기관지확장증

96
Q

Characteristic of Bronchiectasis

A

여러 가지 염증을 만듬

97
Q

Cause of Chronic bronchitis

A

안쪽 점막이 두꺼워지고 분비물이 많아짐

98
Q

cystic fibrosis

A

낭포성 섬유증

99
Q

atelectasis

A

무기폐(폐가 급격히 수축해 공기 없음)

100
Q

emphysema

A

폐기종

101
Q

Characteristic of Cystic fibrosis

A

폐, 기관지, 신장 같은 곳에 많은 유전병으로 백인들에게 흔함

102
Q

Characteristic of Emphysema

A

alevoli가 합해져 한 방처럼 되어 공기 교환 공간 감소해 폐활량 감소, 담배 많이 피우면 생김

103
Q

small cell carcinoma

A

소세포암

104
Q

Characteristic of Small cell carcinoma

A

흡연자들에게 많이 생김, 제한기(폐에만)와 확장기(퍼진 것), 제거 해도 재발하며 안 보이는 암 퍼짐

가만히 두면 6~7개월 생존, 길게는 1년

105
Q

non small cell carcinoma

A

비소세포암

106
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A

편평상피암

107
Q

adenocarcinoma

A

선암(분비세포)

108
Q

large cell carcinoma

A

대세포암

109
Q

Characteristic of non small cell carcinoma

A

squamous, adeno, large cell 포함, 초기일 경우 squamos는 예후가 좋음
표적항암제도 존재, 분열을 많이하는 세포를 공격
피부, 백혈구 수치 감소시킴

110
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

진폐증

111
Q

Cause of Pneumoconiosis

A

먼지에 의해 생김(탄광 등)

112
Q

tuberculosis

A

결핵

113
Q

Characteristic of TB

A

폐에 결절 생김, 만성이고 잘 없어지지 않음, 재발 가능성 놓음

114
Q

pneumonia

A

폐렴

115
Q

pulmonary abcess

A

폐 농양(공간 생겨 고름 참)

116
Q

pulmonary edema

A

폐에 물 참

117
Q

pulmonary embolism

A

폐색전

118
Q

Characteristic of Pulmonary edema

A

압력차 때문에 불이 찬 것, 산소 교환에 중대한 문제

119
Q

Characteristic of Pulmonary embolism

A

정맥 피가 순환되지 않아 짧은 시간 안에 환자 사망

120
Q

pleural disorder

A

막에 오는 이상

121
Q

mesothelioma

A

epi-와 endo-사이 meso-, 중피에 생기는 암

즉 pleura 쪽의 상피세포가 암을 만드는 것

122
Q

Cause of Mesothelioma

A

석면

123
Q

pleural effusion

A

페의 fluid가 밖에 참

124
Q

pleurisy

A

pleuritis, 늑막염

125
Q

pneumothorax

A

기흉

126
Q

Cause of pneumothorax

A

bronchus가 찢어져 공기차 생김

127
Q

arrhythmia

A

부정맥

128
Q

congenital heart disease

A

선천성

129
Q

congestive heart failure

A

울혈성 심부전 (폐에서 막혀서 생김)

130
Q

coronary artery disease

A

관상동맥질환

131
Q

endocarditis

A

심장내막염

132
Q

valvular heart disease

A

심장판막질환

133
Q

pericarditis

A

심낭염

134
Q

Five symptoms of arrhythmias

A

tachycardia(quick), bradycardia(slow), heart block (RBBB, LBBB bundle branch block), flutter, fibrillation(심세동 or 심장마비)

135
Q

Treatment of Arrhythmias

A

pacemaker, cardioversion(심장율동전환), defibrillation

136
Q

COA

A

coarctation(좁아짐) of aorta

137
Q

PDA

A

patent ductus arteriosus (aorta와 right ventricle 연결된 상태)

138
Q

septal defect

A

결막손상

139
Q

ASD

A

arterial septal defect

140
Q

VSD

A

ventricular septal defect

141
Q

TOF

A

tetralogy of Fallot

142
Q

Characteristic of TOF

A

Pulmonary artery stenosis
overriding aorta
VSD
RV hypertrophy(비대)

143
Q

atherosclerosis

A

동맥경화

144
Q

ischemia

A

피가 가지 않는 경우

145
Q

Characteristic of Acute coronary syndrome

A

unstable angina(협심증), MI(myocardial infarction)

146
Q

Treatment of Acute coronary syndrome

A

PCI(percutaneous coronary intervention) 밖에서 관으로 뚫음

CABG(coronary artery bypass grafting) 다른 동맥을 이어붙임

147
Q

stenosis

A

협착

148
Q

prolapse

A

방향 뒤집힘

149
Q

mitral

A

승모판의

150
Q

mitral regurgitation

A

역류

151
Q

aneurysm

A

대동맥류

152
Q

deep vein thrombosis

A

정맥에 혈전

153
Q

intermittent claudication

A

간헐성 파행증(절뚝거림)

154
Q

Cause of Intermittent claudication

A

다리에 피가 잘 안 가서 생김

155
Q

raynaud disease

A

말초에 피가 안 가서 하얗게 보임

156
Q

varicose vein

A

정맥류

157
Q

anisocytosis

A

세포의 크기가 서로 다를 때

158
Q

hypochromia

A

색이 부족

159
Q

macrocytosis

A

세포가 크다

160
Q

microcytosis

A

세포가 작다

161
Q

poikilocytosis

A

irregular shaped cells

162
Q

spherocytosis

A

rounded cells

163
Q

-cytosis

A

abnormal cells

164
Q

anemia

A

빈혈

165
Q

leukemia

A

백혈병

166
Q

4 types of leukemia

A

AML, ALL, CML, CLL

Acute(immature) vs Chronic(mature), Myelocytic vs Lymphocytic

167
Q

granulocytosis

A

과립구 증가증

168
Q

2 types of granulocytosis

A

eosinophilia(호산구 증가)

basophilia(호염구 증가)

169
Q

mononucleosis

A

infectious disease, increased leukocytes and enlarged cervical(목) lymph nodes, infects B cells

170
Q

myeloma

A

골수종

171
Q

Characteristic of Myeloma

A

B cell이 분화한 plasma cell의 암이므로 Lymphoid 계통

Myeloid 계통 아님

172
Q

AIDS

A

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

173
Q

anaphylaxis

A

극심한 알러지 반응

174
Q

hives

A

두드러기

175
Q

atopy

A

무조건 유전적인 알레르기

176
Q

IDDM

A

insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, type 1 diabetes

177
Q

multiple sclerosis

A

다발성 경화증

178
Q

SLE

A

systemic lupus erythematosus, 전신 홍반 루푸스

179
Q

allograft

A

동종이식

180
Q

lymphoma

A

림프종

181
Q

thymoma

A

thymus의 암

Medical Terminology (11 decks)

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