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Medical Terminology > Eye and Ear > Flashcards

Eye and Ear Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

eye accessory organ 4가지

A

lacrimal gland(눈물샘), palpebra(눈꺼풀), conjunctiva(눈꺼풀 안쪽), extraocular muscles

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2
Q

orbit의 5가지 구성 요소

A

medial wall, lateral wall, roof, inferior wall, apex - optic foramen

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3
Q

medial wall 2가지 구성 요소

A

lamina orbitalis of ethmoid bone = lamina papyracea

lacrimal fossa; lacrimal sac

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4
Q

눈 주변 구조 4가지

A

medial & lateral canthus (양끝), lacrimal caruncle, lacrimal papilla (upper and lower), lacrimal punctum (summit of papilla)

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5
Q

눈물샘 3단계

A

lacrimal canaliculus > lacrimal sac > nasolacrimal duct

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6
Q

fornix

A

palpebra 결막 사이 공간

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7
Q

blepharitis

A

눈꺼풀염

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8
Q

axis 2개

A 
anatomical axis (anterior and posterior pole)
visual axis (nodal point and fovea centralis)
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9
Q

plane 2개

A 
meridional plane (plane passes visual axis)
equatorial plane
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10
Q

안구 3단계

A

outer fibrous coat, middle vascular coat, retina

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11
Q

outer fibrous coat 2가지

A

cornea(각막), sclera(공막)

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12
Q

middle vascular coat 다른 이름 및 3가지

A

uvea(포도막)이라고도 함

choroid(맥락막), ciliary body(모양체), iris(홍채)

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13
Q

retina 4가지

A

pigment epithelium, neural retina, macula lutea, fovea centralis

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14
Q

cornea 5가지

A

corneal epithelium, Bowman’s membrane, stroma, descemet’s membrane, endothelium

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15
Q

LASIK

A

laser in situ keratomileusis

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16
Q

keratitis

A

각막염

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17
Q

angle of iris 역할과 장소

A

눈물이동 통로, cornea와 sclera 연결 지점

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18
Q

circulation of aqueous humor 7단계

A

ciliary body > posterior chamber > pupil > anterior chamber > trabecular meshwork > canal of Schlemn > vein

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19
Q

glaucoma 원인 결과 수술

A

녹내장

원인: intraocular pressure, 결과: damage to optic nerve and retina 수술: iridotomy, trabeculotomy

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20
Q

tonometry

A

안압측정기계

21
Q

ciliary body 다른 이름과 생성

A

tunica vasculosa, uvea가 두꺼워져 생성

22
Q

ciliary body 기능 3가지

A

aqueous humor 생성, constriction of pupil, 수정체 두께 조절 (lens 지탱하는 supsensory ligament)

23
Q

동공 수축 이완 이름 및 약물

A

동공 수축: miosis

동공 이완: mydriasis, 약물 mydriatic

24
Q

retina 기원 및 구성 2요소

A

기원: optic cup

구성: outer layer - pigment epithelium, inner layer - neural retina

25
Q

retinal cells 6가지

A

photoreceptor cells (cone and rod), horizontal cells, bipolar cells, amacrine cells, ganglion cells, muller cells

26
Q

착시현상 원인 2가지

A

horizontal cells, amacrine cells

27
Q

optic nerve

A

axon of ganglion cell

28
Q

papilledema

A

swelling of the optic disc due to increased ICP(intracranial pressure)

29
Q

눈 검사 방법 2가지

A

ophthalmoscope(검안경), OCT(optical coherence tomography)

30
Q

errors or refraction 4가지

A

myopia(근시), hyperopia(원시), astigmatism(난시), presbyopia(노안)

31
Q

오목 볼록 렌즈는 무엇을 교정

A

오목 - 근시, 볼록 - 원시

32
Q

visual pathway 6가지

A

optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, lateral geniculate body (of thalamus), optic radiation, visual cortex

33
Q

cataract

A

백내장

34
Q

귀 기능 2가지

A

auditory, vestibular

35
Q

external ear 2가지

A

auricle, external acoustic meatus

36
Q

middle ear 3가지

A

tympanic membrane, tympanic cavity, auditory ossicle

37
Q

inner ear 2가지

A

bony labyrinth, membranous labyrinth

38
Q

tympanic cavity 연결된 부위 2곳

A

nasopharynx, mastoid air cell

39
Q

auditory ossicle 3가지와 모양

A

malleus(hammer), incus(anvil), stapes(stirrup)

40
Q

bony labyrinth 3가지

A

cochlea(snail, 달팽이관), vestibule(courtyard, 전정), bony semicircular canal(반고리관)

41
Q

membranous labyrinth 4가지

A

cochlear duct, saccule, utricle, membranous semicircular canal

42
Q

perilymph vs endolymph

A

perilymph: bony labyrinth를 채움
endolymph: membranous labyrinth를 채움, 뼈와 막 사이

43
Q

sensory receptors 3가지

A

organ of corti, macula sacculi and macula utriculi, crista ampullaris

44
Q

청각 3단계

A

cochlea > cochlear duct > organ of corti

45
Q

평형 3단계

A

vestibule > saccule & utricle > macula sacculi and macula utriculi

46
Q

회전 3단계

A

bony semicircular canal (oval window round window) > membranous semicircular duct > crista ampullaris

47
Q

Meniere’s disease

A

endolymph가 증가, 어지러움

48
Q

Otitis media

A

중이염, tympanic cavity에 염증

49
Q

tinnitus

A

이명

Medical Terminology (11 decks)

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