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Microbiology > Pathogens of Resp Tract 2 > Flashcards

Pathogens of Resp Tract 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

give some examples of upper resp tract infections

A

s. pyogenes
corynebacterium
bordetella pertussis
haemophilia influenza

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2
Q

give some examples of lower resp tract infections

A

haemophilia influenza
s. pneomoniae
legionella
mycobacterium TB

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3
Q

what are the range diseases haemophilia influenza causes

A 
epiglottis
bacteremia
sinusitis
tracheobronchitis
pneumonia
meningitis
cellulitis
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4
Q

what are some characteristics of haemophilia influenza

A 
exclusive human parasite 
small
non motile 
pleomorphic 
gram -ve
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5
Q

what are some sp growth requirements

A

chocolate
cooked blood agar
supplemented with factor X or V
aerobic

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6
Q

what doe factor X and V distinguish

A

diff types of influenza

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7
Q

what si the non invasive pathogenesis

A

h influenza non encapsulated strains
opportunistic infection
secondary invaders of damaged issue

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8
Q

what is the invasive pathogenesis

A

capsulate strain causes acute primary infections
sore throat and fever
pneumonia, bacteriamia

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9
Q

how does infection arise

A

from resp droplet or direct contact with pt

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10
Q

how does the infection precede after entry

A

attach to epi cells
organism penetrates to submucosa
causes local inflammation
spread from initial site to infect bones, joints

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11
Q

what is types meningitis

A

winter disease

children 2 month - 2 years

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12
Q

what is the significance of the capsule

A 
encapsulated and non encapsulated forms 
- polysac capsule 
- serotype * 
Hib 
non uncap = commensal
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13
Q

what si the virulence assc with the capsule fomration

A

PRP capsule
protect bac from phagocytosis
reduces susceptibility to antibacterial role of serum

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14
Q

what si the action of P2

A

(and other mem proteins)

silica acid oligosaccharides in mucin

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15
Q

what si the action of fimbriae

A

mucosal cells of nasopharynx

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16
Q

what is the action of non plus adhesins

A

mucosal cells of nasophaynx

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17
Q

how can h influenza be isolated from sub epithelial layers without damaging epi

A

passes between cell junctions (paracytosis)
adhere and enters non ciliated epi cells
viable bac detceted in macrophage cells

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18
Q

what Ab is used in bronchitis

A

amoxycillin or erythromycin

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19
Q

what is Ab used in pneumonia

A

flucloxacillin and amoxycillin

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20
Q

what is the Ab used in meningitis

A

cephtriaxone

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21
Q

what is the immunisation used for resp infections

A

Hib (capsule type B) vaccine

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22
Q

what is pneumonia

A

an acute inflammation of the lungs caused by inhaled pneumococci of s pneumoniae

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23
Q

what happens in pneumonia

A

alveoli and bronchioles of the lung become plugged with a fibrous exudate

24
Q

what are some causes of community acquired pneumonia

A

s. pneumonia
h influenza
legionella
moraxella cattarhalis

25
Q

what are some hospital acquired pneumonia

A

s. aureus
gm -ve baclli
e. coli

26
Q

what is the structure of s pneumonia

A 
encapsulated gm +ve cocci 
oval 
arranged in pairs 
alpha haemolytic 
fastidious
27
Q

what is fastiduos

A

grows on media enriched with blood products
catalase -ve
needs catalase to prevent build up of h2o2

28
Q

how is s pneumonia identified

A

optochin sensitivity
deoxycholate sensitivity
gm +ve stain
alpha haemolytic

29
Q

what diseases does s pneumonia cause

A

pneumonia
ottis media
menigitis

30
Q

how is s pneumonia transmitted

A

horizontal transfer from resistant to susceptible

31
Q

how does s pneumonia bind to carb surfaces

A

n acetyl glucosamine

neuraminidase A

32
Q

what is the infection of pneumococcal pneumonia

A

invasion of lower resp tract by aerosol

bypass ciliated epi

33
Q

what does pneumococcal pneumonia progress to

A

alveolus and cells wall promotes binding to cells expressing platelet activating factor receptor

techioci acids are expo on cel surface and present in cell wall

34
Q

how does pneumococcal pneumonia overcome IgA

A

through the secretion of proteases

35
Q

how does pneumoccoccla pneumonia overcome the mucociliary escalator

A

prod cytotoxin that kills ciliated epi cells and phagocytes using PNEUMOLYSIN

36
Q

whee does the bac of pneumococcal pneumonia multiply

A

in nutrient rich edema fluid

37
Q

what causes pururlet fluid

A

build up of erythrocytes, neutrophils and macrophages

38
Q

what are some virulence factors of pneumococcal pneumonia

A

cell wall = inflam (techie acid)
pneumolysin pore form toxin
h2o2
phophorycholine

39
Q

what is phosphorycholine

A

present on cell wall
binds to PAF receptor
induces creeper mediated exostosis

40
Q

what are 2 main mean of phagocytic survival

A

capsule - smooth

  • key to virulence
  • complex serotypes
  • inhibit complement

penumolysin

  • disrupt mem
  • inhibit oxidative burst
41
Q

what are some symptoms of pneumococcal pneumonia e

A 
abrupt onset 
fever an shake chill
productive cough tinged red
chest pain 
lobar pneumonia 
bacteriamenia if untreated
42
Q

how treat pneumococcal pneumonia

A

amoxycillin or erythromycin - resistance

43
Q

what is used ag meningitis

A

cephtriaxol

44
Q

what is the vaccination processes used ag pneumococcal pneumoni

A

PCV7
pneumococcal vaccine
anti capsular vaccine

45
Q

what is legionnaires disease

A

atypical, acute lobar pneumonia with multi system symptoms

46
Q

when does legionnaires occur

A

sporadic cases or outbreaks

47
Q

who does legionnaire mostly effect

A

immune or pulmonary compromised

48
Q

how does one get infected with legionnaires disease

A

inhalation of water drop

no person to person spread

49
Q

what cause common outbreaks of legionnaires

A

circ water drops
whirlpool spas
fountains
cooling towers

50
Q

what are the symptoms of legionaries

A

incubation 2-10 days

cough, fever, loss appetite, headache, sputum, breathless, confusion, complications with heart/brian/kidneys

51
Q

what are the sp symptoms of legionnaires

A

non - pneumonic legionellosis
dry cough, malaise, headache
acute inlllnes resolve in 2-5 days

52
Q

what are the non resp infection symptoms assc with legionnaires

A

wound infection after immersion in contam water

hematogenous spread o extra pulmonary sites

53
Q

what is pathogenesis

A

fail to clear inhaled organism
contact alveolar macrophages multiply in phagocyte
lyse and re infect
spread through blood and lymph

54
Q

what is legionella pneumophila

A 
facultative intracellular parasite
unencapsulated 
gm -ve
aerobe
bye green algae tim growth 
fastidious
55
Q

how is the diagnosis of legion pneumo done

A

culturing
direct Ab test
rRNA ID

56
Q

what i the treatment of legion pneumo

A

erythromycin

azithromycin for pneumonia

57
Q

what is the control of legion pneumo

A

clean water systems

hot water monitored

Microbiology (13 decks)

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