Pathogens of Resp Tract 2

Question 1

give some examples of upper resp tract infections

Answer 1

s. pyogenes
corynebacterium
bordetella pertussis
haemophilia influenza

Question 2

give some examples of lower resp tract infections

Answer 2

haemophilia influenza
s. pneomoniae
legionella
mycobacterium TB

Question 3

what are the range diseases haemophilia influenza causes

Answer 3

epiglottis
bacteremia
sinusitis
tracheobronchitis
pneumonia
meningitis
cellulitis

Question 4

what are some characteristics of haemophilia influenza

Answer 4

exclusive human parasite 
small
non motile 
pleomorphic 
gram -ve

Question 5

what are some sp growth requirements

Answer 5

chocolate
cooked blood agar
supplemented with factor X or V
aerobic

Question 6

what doe factor X and V distinguish

Answer 6

diff types of influenza

Question 7

what si the non invasive pathogenesis

Answer 7

h influenza non encapsulated strains
opportunistic infection
secondary invaders of damaged issue

Question 8

what is the invasive pathogenesis

Answer 8

capsulate strain causes acute primary infections
sore throat and fever
pneumonia, bacteriamia

Question 9

how does infection arise

Answer 9

from resp droplet or direct contact with pt

Question 10

how does the infection precede after entry

Answer 10

attach to epi cells
organism penetrates to submucosa
causes local inflammation
spread from initial site to infect bones, joints

Question 11

what is types meningitis

Answer 11

winter disease

children 2 month - 2 years

Question 12

what is the significance of the capsule

Answer 12

encapsulated and non encapsulated forms 
- polysac capsule 
- serotype * 
Hib 
non uncap = commensal

Question 13

what si the virulence assc with the capsule fomration

Answer 13

PRP capsule
protect bac from phagocytosis
reduces susceptibility to antibacterial role of serum

Question 14

what si the action of P2

Answer 14

(and other mem proteins)

silica acid oligosaccharides in mucin

Question 15

what si the action of fimbriae

Answer 15

mucosal cells of nasopharynx

Question 16

what is the action of non plus adhesins

Answer 16

mucosal cells of nasophaynx

Question 17

how can h influenza be isolated from sub epithelial layers without damaging epi

Answer 17

passes between cell junctions (paracytosis)
adhere and enters non ciliated epi cells
viable bac detceted in macrophage cells

Question 18

what Ab is used in bronchitis

Answer 18

amoxycillin or erythromycin

Question 19

what is Ab used in pneumonia

Answer 19

flucloxacillin and amoxycillin

Question 20

what is the Ab used in meningitis

Answer 20

cephtriaxone

Question 21

what is the immunisation used for resp infections

Answer 21

Hib (capsule type B) vaccine

Question 22

what is pneumonia

Answer 22

an acute inflammation of the lungs caused by inhaled pneumococci of s pneumoniae

Question 23

what happens in pneumonia

Answer 23

alveoli and bronchioles of the lung become plugged with a fibrous exudate

Question 24

what are some causes of community acquired pneumonia

Answer 24

s. pneumonia
h influenza
legionella
moraxella cattarhalis

Question 25

what are some hospital acquired pneumonia

Answer 25

s. aureus gm -ve baclli e. coli

Question 26

what is the structure of s pneumonia

Answer 26

``` encapsulated gm +ve cocci oval arranged in pairs alpha haemolytic fastidious ```

Question 27

what is fastiduos

Answer 27

grows on media enriched with blood products catalase -ve needs catalase to prevent build up of h2o2

Question 28

how is s pneumonia identified

Answer 28

optochin sensitivity deoxycholate sensitivity gm +ve stain alpha haemolytic

Question 29

what diseases does s pneumonia cause

Answer 29

pneumonia ottis media menigitis

Question 30

how is s pneumonia transmitted

Answer 30

horizontal transfer from resistant to susceptible

Question 31

how does s pneumonia bind to carb surfaces

Answer 31

n acetyl glucosamine | neuraminidase A

Question 32

what is the infection of pneumococcal pneumonia

Answer 32

invasion of lower resp tract by aerosol | bypass ciliated epi

Question 33

what does pneumococcal pneumonia progress to

Answer 33

alveolus and cells wall promotes binding to cells expressing platelet activating factor receptor techioci acids are expo on cel surface and present in cell wall

Question 34

how does pneumococcal pneumonia overcome IgA

Answer 34

through the secretion of proteases

Question 35

how does pneumoccoccla pneumonia overcome the mucociliary escalator

Answer 35

prod cytotoxin that kills ciliated epi cells and phagocytes using PNEUMOLYSIN

Question 36

whee does the bac of pneumococcal pneumonia multiply

Answer 36

in nutrient rich edema fluid

Question 37

what causes pururlet fluid

Answer 37

build up of erythrocytes, neutrophils and macrophages

Question 38

what are some virulence factors of pneumococcal pneumonia

Answer 38

cell wall = inflam (techie acid) pneumolysin pore form toxin h2o2 phophorycholine

Question 39

what is phosphorycholine

Answer 39

present on cell wall binds to PAF receptor induces creeper mediated exostosis

Question 40

what are 2 main mean of phagocytic survival

Answer 40

capsule - smooth - key to virulence - complex serotypes - inhibit complement penumolysin - disrupt mem - inhibit oxidative burst

Question 41

what are some symptoms of pneumococcal pneumonia e

Answer 41

``` abrupt onset fever an shake chill productive cough tinged red chest pain lobar pneumonia bacteriamenia if untreated ```

Question 42

how treat pneumococcal pneumonia

Answer 42

amoxycillin or erythromycin - resistance

Question 43

what is used ag meningitis

Answer 43

cephtriaxol

Question 44

what is the vaccination processes used ag pneumococcal pneumoni

Answer 44

PCV7 pneumococcal vaccine anti capsular vaccine

Question 45

what is legionnaires disease

Answer 45

atypical, acute lobar pneumonia with multi system symptoms

Question 46

when does legionnaires occur

Answer 46

sporadic cases or outbreaks

Question 47

who does legionnaire mostly effect

Answer 47

immune or pulmonary compromised

Question 48

how does one get infected with legionnaires disease

Answer 48

inhalation of water drop | no person to person spread

Question 49

what cause common outbreaks of legionnaires

Answer 49

circ water drops whirlpool spas fountains cooling towers

Question 50

what are the symptoms of legionaries

Answer 50

incubation 2-10 days | cough, fever, loss appetite, headache, sputum, breathless, confusion, complications with heart/brian/kidneys

Question 51

what are the sp symptoms of legionnaires

Answer 51

non - pneumonic legionellosis dry cough, malaise, headache acute inlllnes resolve in 2-5 days

Question 52

what are the non resp infection symptoms assc with legionnaires

Answer 52

wound infection after immersion in contam water | hematogenous spread o extra pulmonary sites

Question 53

what is pathogenesis

Answer 53

fail to clear inhaled organism contact alveolar macrophages multiply in phagocyte lyse and re infect spread through blood and lymph

Question 54

what is legionella pneumophila

Answer 54

``` facultative intracellular parasite unencapsulated gm -ve aerobe bye green algae tim growth fastidious ```

Question 55

how is the diagnosis of legion pneumo done

Answer 55

culturing direct Ab test rRNA ID

Question 56

what i the treatment of legion pneumo

Answer 56

erythromycin | azithromycin for pneumonia

Question 57

what is the control of legion pneumo

Answer 57

clean water systems | hot water monitored