Neisseria, Anaerobes & Tetanus Flashcards
what is a sp of neisseria commonly isolated from plaque
N subflava
where is neisseira located
oropharynx
nasopahryn
anogenital mucous membranes
what is the structure of neisseirai
gm -ve
diplococci
oval pair/clumps
non motile
does neisseira produce endospores
no
is neisseiria aerobic or anaerobic
aerobes
- oxidase +ve and catalase +ve
what is commonly produced by neisseria
cytochrome oxidase
what s subflava imp for
transisitoin of boil plaque
how many sp of neisseira pathogenic
2
- n. gonorrhoea
- n. meningitides
what are some conditions caused by n gonorrhoeae
gonorrhoea - STD cervicitis pelvic inflam - severe bacteriamia arthritis conjunctivitis pharyngitis
what re some of the conditions caused by N. meningitides
meningitis - severe
bacteraemia
pneumonia
arthritis
what is N pharyngitis
harmless commensal found in throat
what re some key features of gonorrhoeae
STD
sensitive to FA and temp
acute and chronic
what are some key virulence factors of N. gonorrhoeae
capsule and pili
phase variation via gene conversion
protease prod
what si th infection of n gonorrhoea like
local infection UGT =pus
acute easy dia in males
pharyngitis
conjunctivitis newborn
how is n gonorrhoea ID and treat
swabs
gm stain
cooked blood agar
penicillin (resist issue)
what si the resistance issue of n gonorrhoea
highest level antimicrobial resist due to easy trans and difficult to treat
what is meningitis
infect/inflam meninges
- bas & viral
what are the microorganisms responsible cause of meningitis
n. meningitides (large scale epidemics)
S. pneumonia
H influenza
explain the action/features of n menigitidis
acute suppurative meningitis
blood infection
in nasopharynx
crowded conc carriers
how is meningitis trans
aerosolisation of resp tract sec (winter disease)
what are some symptoms of meningitis
abrupt onset malaise high fever possible rash stiff neck neurological effects coma
how’s a meningococcal rash appear
damage to lying of blood vessels cause to leak to more superficial layers of skin
whats the microbial ID of meningitis
non motile
gm -ve
diplococcus
serotypes A B C
how is mengiitis diagnosed
CFS and serogroup sp anticapsular Ab recations
how is meningitis controlled and treated
emergency
penicillin and ampicillin
meningococcal C conjugate vaccine
meningococcal B vaccine
what re some anaerobic disease causing bac gm +ve cocci and non spore form bacilli
actinomyces - caries/actinomycosis
propionibac - prostate cancer
lactobacillus - caries
eubacterium
what re some anaerobic disease causing bac gm -ve cocci and bacilli
bacteroides fusobacterium - perio D veillonella porphyromonas - perio D prevotella - perio D
what si clostridium
aerobic/aerotolerant gm +ve bacilli
form endospores
in GI trat and enviro
what disease does c difficult cause
pseudomembranous colitis
what disease does c botulinum cause
botulism
what disease does C tetani cause
tetanus
what is C tetani
- habitat
- appearance
- soil and humans
- terminal spores
- tennis racquet
- NEUROTOXIN*
what is the pathogenesis of tetanus
- small wound - spores
- germ and grow anaerobic
- local infect/inflam
- toxin prod released when lyse
explain the effect of the tetanus toxin
TeNT
bind neuronal mem - into
move by retrograde axonal trans in CNS
block GABA
what does tetanus toxin cause
spastic paralysis
- headache
- drool
- lock jaw
- muscle spasms
- rigidity
how is tetanus
- treat
- control
- antitoxin, clean nd debridement, penicillin
- immunise ag DPT vaccine and boosters
what are the keyafaetures of C botulinum
gm +ve obligate anaerobe sub terminal endospores four groups prod neurotoxin
what si the neurotoxin prod by c botulinum like
two chained polyps protease target SNARE proteins prevent vesicle anchoring and release Ach FLACCID PARALYSIS
what is a common source of botulism
incorrect refrigeration
incomplete cook
prep canned food
what are some symptoms of botulism in an adult
18-36 hours after expo blur vision droop eyelids slurred speech dry mouth muscle weakness resp fail
what are some infant symptoms of botulism
lethargy
constipated
weak cry
poor muscle toen
what is ‘botox’
purified type a toxin
what is the cosmetic procedure of botox
facial muscle parlays and wrinkle reduction
up to 6 months
what does clostridium difficult cause
pseudomembranos coliits
what can ba cause of c diff
antibiotic therapy
- proliferates in absence of normal flora
what is pseudomembranous colitis
antibiotic assc diarrhoea
- ampicillin, cephalosporin and clindamycin
mild - serve
what are the key virulence of c diff
toxins A & B bind and internalise to intestina epi cells
impair function of intestinal epi cells
stim cytokines release and activation of macrophages and monocytes
why was there a c diff epidemic
staring prod more toxins
antibiotic reisstance
increased sporultion
how is there a diagnosis made for c diff
stool sample
- aerobic culture
- selective media
- gm +ve, spore forming
immunoassay of toxin a and b
what is the treatment of c dif
stop predisposing Ab treatment
fluid replacement
oral vancomycin as this doesnt abs in gut
how is c diff prevented
early diagnosis isolation hand washing prudent antimicrobial prescribing by all education
are spores of c diff inactivated by alcohol
no
what are some risk factors with c diff
Ab increasing age long hospital stay serious underlying illness major surgery
