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Microbiology > Neisseria, Anaerobes & Tetanus > Flashcards

Neisseria, Anaerobes & Tetanus Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is a sp of neisseria commonly isolated from plaque

A

N subflava

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2
Q

where is neisseira located

A

oropharynx
nasopahryn
anogenital mucous membranes

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3
Q

what is the structure of neisseirai

A

gm -ve
diplococci
oval pair/clumps
non motile

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4
Q

does neisseira produce endospores

A

no

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5
Q

is neisseiria aerobic or anaerobic

A

aerobes

- oxidase +ve and catalase +ve

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6
Q

what is commonly produced by neisseria

A

cytochrome oxidase

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7
Q

what s subflava imp for

A

transisitoin of boil plaque

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8
Q

how many sp of neisseira pathogenic

A

2

  • n. gonorrhoea
  • n. meningitides
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9
Q

what are some conditions caused by n gonorrhoeae

A 
gonorrhoea - STD 
cervicitis 
pelvic inflam - severe
bacteriamia
arthritis
conjunctivitis 
pharyngitis
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10
Q

what re some of the conditions caused by N. meningitides

A

meningitis - severe
bacteraemia
pneumonia
arthritis

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11
Q

what is N pharyngitis

A

harmless commensal found in throat

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12
Q

what re some key features of gonorrhoeae

A

STD
sensitive to FA and temp
acute and chronic

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13
Q

what are some key virulence factors of N. gonorrhoeae

A

capsule and pili
phase variation via gene conversion
protease prod

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14
Q

what si th infection of n gonorrhoea like

A

local infection UGT =pus
acute easy dia in males
pharyngitis
conjunctivitis newborn

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15
Q

how is n gonorrhoea ID and treat

A

swabs
gm stain
cooked blood agar
penicillin (resist issue)

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16
Q

what si the resistance issue of n gonorrhoea

A

highest level antimicrobial resist due to easy trans and difficult to treat

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17
Q

what is meningitis

A

infect/inflam meninges

- bas & viral

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18
Q

what are the microorganisms responsible cause of meningitis

A

n. meningitides (large scale epidemics)
S. pneumonia
H influenza

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19
Q

explain the action/features of n menigitidis

A

acute suppurative meningitis
blood infection
in nasopharynx
crowded conc carriers

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20
Q

how is meningitis trans

A

aerosolisation of resp tract sec (winter disease)

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21
Q

what are some symptoms of meningitis

A 
abrupt onset 
malaise
high fever
possible rash 
stiff neck 
neurological effects
coma
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22
Q

how’s a meningococcal rash appear

A

damage to lying of blood vessels cause to leak to more superficial layers of skin

23
Q

whats the microbial ID of meningitis

A

non motile
gm -ve
diplococcus
serotypes A B C

24
Q

how is mengiitis diagnosed

A

CFS and serogroup sp anticapsular Ab recations

25
Q

how is meningitis controlled and treated

A

emergency
penicillin and ampicillin
meningococcal C conjugate vaccine
meningococcal B vaccine

26
Q

what re some anaerobic disease causing bac gm +ve cocci and non spore form bacilli

A

actinomyces - caries/actinomycosis
propionibac - prostate cancer
lactobacillus - caries
eubacterium

27
Q

what re some anaerobic disease causing bac gm -ve cocci and bacilli

A 
bacteroides
fusobacterium - perio D
veillonella
porphyromonas - perio D
prevotella - perio D
28
Q

what si clostridium

A

aerobic/aerotolerant gm +ve bacilli
form endospores
in GI trat and enviro

29
Q

what disease does c difficult cause

A

pseudomembranous colitis

30
Q

what disease does c botulinum cause

A

botulism

31
Q

what disease does C tetani cause

A

tetanus

32
Q

what is C tetani

  • habitat
  • appearance
A
  • soil and humans
  • terminal spores
  • tennis racquet
  • NEUROTOXIN*
33
Q

what is the pathogenesis of tetanus

A
  • small wound - spores
  • germ and grow anaerobic
  • local infect/inflam
  • toxin prod released when lyse
34
Q

explain the effect of the tetanus toxin

A

TeNT
bind neuronal mem - into
move by retrograde axonal trans in CNS
block GABA

35
Q

what does tetanus toxin cause

A

spastic paralysis

  • headache
  • drool
  • lock jaw
  • muscle spasms
  • rigidity
36
Q

how is tetanus

  • treat
  • control
A
  • antitoxin, clean nd debridement, penicillin

- immunise ag DPT vaccine and boosters

37
Q

what are the keyafaetures of C botulinum

A 
gm +ve 
obligate anaerobe 
sub terminal endospores
four groups 
prod neurotoxin
38
Q

what si the neurotoxin prod by c botulinum like

A 
two chained polyps 
protease
target SNARE proteins 
prevent vesicle anchoring and release Ach
FLACCID PARALYSIS
39
Q

what is a common source of botulism

A

incorrect refrigeration
incomplete cook
prep canned food

40
Q

what are some symptoms of botulism in an adult

A 
18-36 hours after expo
blur vision 
droop eyelids 
slurred speech 
dry mouth 
muscle weakness
resp fail
41
Q

what are some infant symptoms of botulism

A

lethargy
constipated
weak cry
poor muscle toen

42
Q

what is ‘botox’

A

purified type a toxin

43
Q

what is the cosmetic procedure of botox

A

facial muscle parlays and wrinkle reduction

up to 6 months

44
Q

what does clostridium difficult cause

A

pseudomembranos coliits

45
Q

what can ba cause of c diff

A

antibiotic therapy

- proliferates in absence of normal flora

46
Q

what is pseudomembranous colitis

A

antibiotic assc diarrhoea
- ampicillin, cephalosporin and clindamycin
mild - serve

47
Q

what are the key virulence of c diff

A

toxins A & B bind and internalise to intestina epi cells
impair function of intestinal epi cells
stim cytokines release and activation of macrophages and monocytes

48
Q

why was there a c diff epidemic

A

staring prod more toxins
antibiotic reisstance
increased sporultion

49
Q

how is there a diagnosis made for c diff

A

stool sample

  • aerobic culture
  • selective media
  • gm +ve, spore forming

immunoassay of toxin a and b

50
Q

what is the treatment of c dif

A

stop predisposing Ab treatment
fluid replacement
oral vancomycin as this doesnt abs in gut

51
Q

how is c diff prevented

A 
early diagnosis 
isolation 
hand washing 
prudent antimicrobial prescribing by all 
education
52
Q

are spores of c diff inactivated by alcohol

A

no

53
Q

what are some risk factors with c diff

A 
Ab 
increasing age
long hospital stay 
serious underlying illness
major surgery

Microbiology (13 decks)

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