Mycobacterium & Mycoplasma Flashcards

1
Q

what is the bacteria that causes TB

A

mycobacterium tuberculosis

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2
Q

whats TB commonly linked to

A

disease risk linked to immune status HIV

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3
Q

what si the resistance rate of TB

A

1.5-6% stabel

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4
Q

what si the pathogenesis of TB

A
inhale
penetrate lungs
lesion = pulmonary epi and macrophages
phagocytosis
persist and replicate
local immune resp and inc macrophages
destroy cells 
granulomatous lesion
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5
Q

why is TB described at persistent infection

A
tyco TB + cell wall frags to lymph nodes
stim more macrophages
around body
immune respones 
leaves infected macrophages and some tubercle 
ba dormant or lyse
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6
Q

what si the reactivation of tb

A

if primary lesions fail to heal by becoming fibrous and calcified can lead to tubercle tat is prone to reactiavtion

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7
Q

reactivation can be lined to

A

immune system

- age, stress, malnutrition, alcoholism, immunosuppression, drugs

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8
Q

what are th symptoms of tb

A
limited to lungs
cellular immunity halts replication 
mailais
weight loss
cough
night fever
productive cough
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9
Q

what is the diagnosis of tb

A

1 = +ve skin test using tuberculin
2 radiographic evidence of pulmonary disease
3 lab diagnosis of mycobacteria

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10
Q

what si the tubercle skin test

A

use purified protein derivative
inject intradermally
detects presence of sensitised T cells

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11
Q

what are the characteristics of mycobacteria

A
non motile 
non spore form 
aerobic bacilli
complicated cell wall (rich lipids) 
fastidious 
slow grow
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12
Q

what is the waxy cell wall all about

A

60% lipid
mycolic acid
complexed with polysaccharides
hydrophobic waxy cell wall

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13
Q

what is LAM in the cell wall

A

LipoArabinoMannan

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14
Q

what are the lab diagnosis experiments

A

sputum specimen

  • smear fluorescent
  • culturing
  • solid media

nucleic acid amplification
- sp as culturing and results in 8 hours

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15
Q

how is TB treated and controlled

A

isoniazid (primary Ab)
Rifampicin
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol

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16
Q

how long is the long course of Ab treatment for TB

A

6-9 months

17
Q

what sit h vaccination for TB like

A

bacille palmette guerin
attenuated M BOVIS

enhances aiblity macrophages to become activated and kill

18
Q

what is the oral representations of real TB

A

normally secondary lesions
in AIDS increased
at back mouth
cervical lymph nodes

19
Q

explain some facts about mycoplasma pneumonia

A

primary atypical pneumonia
trans by resp droplets
lower rep tract
sporadic

20
Q

what are the symptoms assc with mycoplasma pnemoaniae

A

gradual onset
non sp symptoms ( headache, fever, chills)
diffuse bronchopneumonia
immunocompromised offer from rash, CNS disturbance, mild haemolytic anaemia

21
Q

what is the mycoplasma sep like in general

A

smallest free living organism
vary shape
no cell wall
fastidious

22
Q

what is th culture media like for mycoplasma spp

A

enriched yeast extract

serum and sterols

23
Q

what is transmission of mycoplasma spp

A

resp droplets

shed in saliva prior ro disease

24
Q

what sit he pathogenesis of mycoplasma spp

A

attaches via P1 surface p
binds sialic acid rich glycolipids on ciliated bronchial epi cells
infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages lead to thicken of cell wall of alveoli and bronchioles

25
what is the diagnosis of mycoplasma sppp
sputum analysis by nucleic acid hybridisation | serological tests
26
how treat mycoplasma spp
erythromycin | teracyline
27
what sit he problem assc with mycoplasma and treatment
slow growing slow to respond to treatment may persist in upper resp tract